Session Z21: New Insight Into Astronomy

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Anything, to exist and to come into being, respectively, needs into constituent particles and transformer or own transformers, which even Space itself, whose most obvious(The most visible)sign is its blackness, is also subject to this law and these constituent particles They themselves also need their constituent particles to exist, which is why particle formation lasts forever, so When there is something, it is itself a constituent particle and causes larger particles to from and Within each constituent particle, there is an infinite number of constituent particles, which are constantly changing and transforming. Then existence(universe)is infinite(full and no vacancies)and has no starting spot(creation), because if it has,it means that the spot is created from nothing(empty), that it is not possible for this to happen. When existence Has no starting spot, so it does not exist at all and has not come into being to wit existence is zero(empty,without color,energy,time,place,etc).Now, an important question arises, which is: how existence, although it does not exist and has not come into being, but there is? The most logical answer to this question is: whatever exists, exist in our minds, opinions, and visions, in fact the only thing that exists is non-existence or zero and empty.   

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My non relativist hypothesis of a complex mass for de Broglie’s dual wave/particle, (1994, French Academie des Sciences), still unifies most incompatible relativistic and quantum concepts. Real inertial particles, move, pulled by a linked imaginary wave/mass, itself moving at the speed of light. The dual particle mass modulus dilation partly follows relativity, but remains finite at the speed of light. Time, itself, is dual and complex, linked to mass (there is no space/time). At high energy, I add spin and helicity by introducing quaternions. To unify sub-atomic and astro Physics I treat Michelson’s result as photons carried by and with the earth gravitational field and I define gravity as an electrical residual force between the opposite fields of protons and electrons. This leads to a quantized ( only slightly perturbed) solar system. Gravitational waves and gravitons can be astro-photons from orbital transitions of planets. I define the red shift not as a Doppler effect but as gravitational attrition of the pure imaginary mass of outgoing always-escaping redder photons. There could be no expansion of the Universe, no black holes but hypermassive dark stars, no dark matter, nor dark energy.   

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Rate Change Science (RCS) is a new frontier. It is just as much a reorganization of science as it is the modernization of ``rate of change''. This discipline is a representation of objects, object derivatives and attributes that have populated the universe since the big bang. Like stereoscopic vision this science sees the universe for all its geometrical grandeur. The first upgrade was to invent a rate change graph. This missing piece of the puzzle gives an observer views of the universe through the eyes of rate change objects, visible and invisible. At the 2021 conference, RCS will advance a new theory of two gravity waves with major updates on the nature of dark matter. This research will stimulate new inclusive features for these invisible objects. .   

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My claim is that any Universe that has observers must be finite, such that any two Observers will agree on the measurement of the constants and conserved values at any time or place to be the same. Therefore, all observers inside some defined and measurable holographic horizon must agree on the conserved values of Mass and quantum information as measured by the agreed upon constants. This is both knowable and provable using the speed of light, gravitational constant, and an entropy constant such as Boltzmann's constant, that is properly quantized. My claim is so strong that it cannot be proven to be false within the defined boundaries! The first thing to be agreed upon is the measure of a quantum of energy to be defined as (c$^{\mathrm{2}})$(Planck mass)/(O$_{\mathrm{b}})$ measured as (1) Thermal degree of Freedom. Where (O$_{\mathrm{b}}) \quad =$ \textbar (Planck mass)/(Planck area)\textbar .   

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When one of the twins leaves the Earth at a velocity near the speed of light, then turns around and returns to Earth, he is substantially younger. To return the states to normal, the twin who stayed on Earth now leaves near the velocity of light and when he returns to Earth, both twins are now the same age. So 720 degrees has to be traversed, as in a mobius to return the twins to the original state (with time passing). There are other puzzles in Relativity, for instance, a Photon does not Lorentz Contract, although it is through Lorentz Contraction, that the two laws, Amperes and Faradays Law interact to form the chain link fluctuation that is light. Lorentz Contraction, only occurs when a particle has rest mass. It is through Lorentz Contraction that massive particles bend space-time. One can surmise that photons by themselves don't bend space-time. Another interesting deduction, is that when two light beams are sent outward, polarized light returns from each. Like the twin paradox, the return light is different. The twin, in effect, is polarized, when the light then recombines it is not polarized, so polarization is removed through a 720 degree rotation as well. There is a great mystery about how space-time is bent, and this gives a clue as to how mass does this trick.   

Live

The CMB evolved from the Penzias and Wilson discovery of microwave radiation coming from space. Today, the CMB temperature at $2.725\,\pm 0.00057$ K is thought to be a relic of the Big Bang. However, the CMB may only be microwave emission from debris in the Oort Cloud. Unlike the disk-like Planetary System in the ecliptic of the Sun, the Oort cloud is spherical allowing the emission of EM radiation observed by Penzias and Wilson to be uniform in all directions. At 10,000 AU, the Oort cloud at 2.725 K varies by $\pm 0.00057$ K spread over about 12 AU. Because the Planck law denies atoms at a given temperature under EM confinement the heat capacity to conserve heat by a change in temperature, a debris temperature of 2.725 K is only possible for solar radiation having wavelengths $\lambda$$>$ 20,000 microns where atoms do indeed have classical and finite heat capacity. Otherwise, solar heat is conserved by creating standing EM waves across the debris diameters d, where d$>$$\lambda$/2n. For refractive index n = 1.5, the minimum d $>$ 7 m which means more than 8 billion asteroids in the Oort cloud emit discrete CMB radiation that appears spotted on WMAP and Planck surveys. Since the CMB of the Big Bang would be uniform and not spotted, the CMB is NOT a relic of the Big Bang   

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The discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background in 1965 indicated that cosmic messenger energies must be bounded.  Gould \& Schreder noted that collision with microwave background photons would quickly damp high gamma-ray energies down to  $_{~}$ 10$^{13}$ eV.   Greisen and Zatsepin \& Kuz’min, showed that ionic cosmic rays would similarly be bounded at  $_{~}$ 10$^{22}$ eV.  Both limits are by now well established. I will show that gravitational deflection by myriad low-mass bodies, like interstellar planets and comets or dark-matter blobs, impose ultimate bounds also on angular, temporal and spectral resolution.\footnote{Martin Harwit,\textbf{Cosmic Messengers, The Limits of Astronomy in an Unruly Universe” Cambridge University Press} 2021} I shall provide examples of resolving powers currently approaching those bounds.  Multi-messenger observations will not overcome these because, as general relativity shows, gravitational deflections and time delays affect all messengers identically. At current funding rates world-wide, we will within a century or two attain instrumental capabilities, improvements on which will no longer lead to further astronomical advances. Some astronomical phenomena could remain forever unobservable, showing a need to consider how our knowledge of the Universe then might nevertheless advance.    

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Since July, 2013 we have studied and demonstrated in six journal articles, and many presentations, contributed at APS March Meetings, and invited and keynotes at international conferences, seminars and symposiums, our successful physics-based Melted Ice-Crystalline-Lattice Model for the electrical charge and inertial mass transports by protons and prohols (proton holes or missing protons on the lattice) in the Liquid Phase of pure WATER, based on the 1933 Bernal$-$Flower Ice Model, proven by the 1935 Linus Pauling residual entropy theory of the 1930$-$1936 Giauque low temperature heat capacity measurements. Our Melted Ice Lattice Model of LIQUID phase WATER, bridges, in 2 proton mass sensitivity, the SOLID phase WATER ICE model (Hexagonal Close Packet Primitive Unit Cell), and GAS phase WATER (2D water molecule vibrational Kinetic Energies). In this presentation, we show that our protonic Periodic Lattice Model of Water in its Liquid Phase can be applied to model nucleons, cosmons or an international consensus name, OUR Universe and the UNIVERSE. This study has been supported by the estate of the late Linda Chang Su-Nan, a Berkeley high-energy nuclear chemist, via CTSA, Florida, USA.