Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session C32: Quantum Metrology and Sensing IIILive
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Ankur Agrawal, University of Chicago |
Monday, March 15, 2021 3:00PM - 3:12PM Live |
C32.00001: Quantum sensing beyond the standard quantum limit with 2D arrays of trapped ions Matthew Affolter, Kevin Gilmore, Robert J Lewis-Swan, Diego Barberena, Elena Jordan, Ana Maria Rey, John Jacob Bollinger Quantum sensing protocols using trapped-ions can enable detection of weak electric fields (<1 nV/m) by sensing displacements surpassing the Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) – the sensitivity achievable with a coherent state. We present experiments and theory investigating the limits of electric field sensing via the excitation of the center-of-mass (COM) motion of 100s of ions in a 2D crystal. By employing spin-dependent optical dipole forces to couple mechanical motion of the ions to their spin states, the displacement of the ion crystal can be sensitively read out through measurements of the spin state [1]. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 3:12PM - 3:24PM Live |
C32.00002: Observing nonlinear spin squeezing and entanglement of non-Gaussian states with interconnected superconducting qubits Yu-Ran Zhang, Kai Xu, Zheng-Hang Sun, Franco Nori, Haohua Wang, Heng Fan Multipartite entanglement, witnessed by spin squeezing and Fisher information, is significant for both quantum information and quantum metrology. Using 20 interconnected superconducting qubits, we measure the nonlinear squeezing parameter, as a generalization of the Ramsey squeezing parameter with nonlinear observables, and identify the metrological enhancement of non-Gaussian states. By extracting the Fisher information, we observe a maximum metrological gain of 10.07 dB using 20 qubits. Merging different concepts of entanglement witnesses, our experiments characterize different classes of complicated many-body entangled states using superconducting qubits. Benefiting from high-fidelity full controls and addressable single-shot readouts, the superconducting processor with interconnected qubits is promising for improving the performance of quantum metrology and realizing other complex spin-squeezing algorithms. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 3:24PM - 3:36PM Live |
C32.00003: Noise and Power handling of the Inelastic Cooper-pair Tunneling Amplifier (ICTA) Ulrich Martel, Florian Blanchet, Romain Albert, Salha Jebari, Joel Griesmar, Max Hofheinz Readout of superconducting qubits requires microwave amplifiers with added noise as close as possible to the quantum limit. This limit is now routinely approached by Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs). However, generation, routing and filtering of the strong microwave pump, which powers them, require significant hardware overhead and can affect the device under test. DC-powered amplifiers, on the other hand, are much easier to use but have so far failed to approach the quantum limit because they could not be mapped to a parametric amplification scheme with a well-identified idler mode. We have achieved exactly that with the "inelastic Cooper-pair tunneling amplifier" [1]. It is based on a voltage-biased Josephson junction, where the energy 2eV of a tunneling Cooper pair plays the role of a pump photon. We have demonstrated added noise at the quantum limit within measurement accuracy and we discuss here saturation and the influence of voltage bias noise. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 3:36PM - 3:48PM Live |
C32.00004: Quantum multiphase estimation in an integrated photonic circuit Emanuele Polino, Fabio Sciarrino, Mauro Valeri, Nicolò Spagnolo, Roberto Osellame, Andrea Crespi, Ilaria Gianani, Giacomo Corrielli, Davide Poderini, Raffaele Silvestri, Martina Riva Quantum Metrology is one of the most important quantum technologies where quantum resources are exploited to enhance the estimation of unknown parameters. In this context, since realistic scenarios generally involve more than one parameter, quantum multiparameter estimation is a central and very active research area. Several open questions are still unclosed and experimental platforms able to perform multiparameter estimation protocols have to be developed. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 3:48PM - 4:00PM Live |
C32.00005: Quantum Sensing Simulation on Quantum Computers using Optimized Control Paraj Titum, Makayla R. Dixon, Kevin Zhang, Rajit Mukhopadhyay, Evan Xu, Lina Tewala, Arin Manohar, Isaac Moss, David Clader, Kevin Schultz, Gregory Quiroz Quantum sensors are promising candidates to detect weak signals because of their unrivalled sensitivity to the external environment. However, testing of quantum sensing protocols has largely been restricted to the few experimentally viable quantum sensing platforms. We utilize publicly available quantum computers to study the performance of standard quantum sensing protocols, as well as develop novel protocols for detecting signals through the use of optimized control. We explore the problem of detecting a band-limited stochastic signal over background noise in the limit of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR<<1). We develop a new variational sensing algorithm that through closed-loop optimization, detects the stochastic signal of interest and demonstrate this detection protocol on the IBM Quantum Experience. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 4:00PM - 4:12PM Live |
C32.00006: Weak Measurements of a Superconducting Qubit Reconcile Incompatible Observables Jonathan Monroe, Taeho Lee, Nicole Yunger Halpern, Kater Murch Traditional uncertainty relations dictate a minimal amount of noise in incompatible projective quantum measurements. However, not all measurements are projective. Weak measurements are minimally invasive methods for obtaining partial state information without projection. Recently, weak measurements were shown to obey an uncertainty relation cast in terms of entropies. We experimentally test this entropic uncertainty relation with strong and weak measurements of a superconducting transmon qubit. A weak measurement, we find, can reconcile two strong measurements’ incompatibility, via backaction on the state. Mathematically, a weak value---a preselected and postselected expectation value---lowers the uncertainty bound. Hence we provide experimental support for the physical interpretation of the weak value as a determinant of a weak measurement’s ability to reconcile incompatible operations. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 4:12PM - 4:24PM Live |
C32.00007: Number-Resolved Photocounter for Propagating Microwave Mode Rémy Dassonneville, Réouven Assouly, Théau Peronnin, Pierre Rouchon, Benjamin Huard The first detectors of propagating microwave photons have been realized using superconducting circuits a decade ago. However a number-resolved photocounter is still missing. We demonstrate a single-shot counter for propagating microwave photons that can resolve up to 3 photons. It is based on a pumped Josephson Ring Modulator that can catch an arbitrary propagating mode by frequency conversion and store its quantum state in a stationary memory mode. A transmon qubit then counts the number of photons in the memory mode using a series of binary questions. Using measurement based feedback, the number of questions is minimal and scales logarithmically with the maximal number of photons. The detector features a detection efficiency of 0.96 ± 0.04 and a dark count probability of 0.030 ± 0.002. To maximize its performance, the device is first used as an in situ waveform detector from which an optimal pump is computed and applied. Depending on the number of incoming photons, the detector succeeds with a probability that ranges from (54 ± 2) % to 99%.[1] |
Monday, March 15, 2021 4:24PM - 4:36PM Live |
C32.00008: Counting Photons On-the-Fly with the Quantum Orchestration Platform Nissim Ofek, Remy Dassonneville, Réouven Assouly, Théau Peronnin, Pierre Rouchon, Itamar Sivan, Niv Drucker, Yonatan Cohen, Benjamin Huard
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Monday, March 15, 2021 4:36PM - 4:48PM Live |
C32.00009: Sensing and remembering few-electron charges using an MoS2 nanoresonator Aneesh Dash, Swapnil K More, Nishta Arora, Akshay K Naik Bifurcation amplifiers are useful in quantum sensing to detect weak signals with high sensitivity. These devices have been previously realized using Josephson junctions. However, their operation is restricted to cryogenic temperatures. Nanomechanical bifurcation amplifiers offer the advantages of room-temperature operation with ultra-high sensitivity to external stimuli. We experimentally demonstrate a nano-electromechanical bifurcation amplifier made of MoS2, that can detect charge fluctuations less than 10 electrons in real-time at room temperature, in open-loop measurements. The detection is based on switching between two states in the parametrically-excited nonlinear resonator. Furthermore, the same device can also function as a set-reset latch memory for short-lived charge perturbations. The minimum detected charge is an order of magnitude improvement from mechanical electrometers made of bulk materials. These devices hold significant promise for quantum sensing and nanomechanical sensing. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 4:48PM - 5:00PM Live |
C32.00010: A SNAIL Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier, Part I Arpit Ranadive, Martina Esposito, Luca Planat, Edgar Bonet, Cécile Naud, Olivier Buisson, Wiebke Guichard, Nicolas Roch We present the experimental demonstration of a novel Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (TWPA) composed of an array of superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive elements (SNAILs). The asymmetry in the SNAILs allows to change the sign of the Kerr non-linearity by tuning an external magnetic flux. As predicted by Bell & Samolov [1], we demonstrate the use of Kerr sign reversal to obtain the phase matching condition for four wave mixing amplification without any transmission (gap) engineering. The absence of gaps in the device transmission reduces gain ripples and allows in situ tunability of the amplification band by changing the pump frequency. We achieve near quantum limited amplification with up to 4 GHz bandwidth and -98 dBm saturation at 20 dB gain. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 5:00PM - 5:12PM Live |
C32.00011: A SNAIL Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier, Part II Arpit Ranadive, Martina Esposito, Luca Planat, Edgar Bonet, Cécile Naud, Olivier Buisson, Wiebke Guichard, Nicolas Roch We present the experimental demonstration of a novel Travelling Wave Parametric Amplifier (TWPA) composed of an array of superconducting nonlinear asymmetric inductive elements (SNAILs). The asymmetry in the SNAILs allows to change the sign of the Kerr non-linearity by tuning an external magnetic flux. As predicted by Bell & Samolov [1], we demonstrate the use of Kerr sign reversal to obtain the phase matching condition for four wave mixing amplification without any transmission (gap) engineering. The absence of gaps in the device transmission reduces gain ripples and allows in situ tunability of the amplification band by changing the pump frequency. We achieve near quantum limited amplification with up to 4 GHz bandwidth and -98 dBm saturation at 20 dB gain. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 5:12PM - 5:24PM Live |
C32.00012: Phonons and Magnons in Organic Molecular Crystals as Dark Matter Targets Thomas Harrelson, Sinead Griffin The enormous design space of conjugated organic molecules provides the potential to revolutionize materials design for dark matter (DM) targets. Current DM proposals in the sub-GeV mass range focus on DM interactions with electrons, phonons and other low-energy excitations in inorganic semiconductors. However, inorganic materials have a narrow energy range of available excitations for DM to couple to, limiting their sensitivity to DM particles within a small mass range. Organic molecular crystals have the potential to circumvent that issue since there is a much larger range of phonons available for DM interactions, potentially within reach of existing read-out schemes. Additionally, magnetic organic crystals can be synthesized allowing for the simultaneous testing of magnon-DM and phonon-DM interactions in one target. To investigate the potential of organic molecular crystals as DM targets, we used DFT calculations to find the phonon and magnon structure factors for a selection of organic molecular crystals. From these structure factors, we present estimates of their reach as DM targets for well-motivated DM models. Finally, we identify key materials requirements for maximizing the experimental reach and discuss prospects for readout schemes based on our sensitivity estimates. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 5:24PM - 5:36PM Live |
C32.00013: An Ultrasensitive Electrometer Operating at the Single-Photon Level Benjamin Brock, Juliang Li, Sisira Kanhirathingal, Miles P Blencowe, Alexander J Rimberg We operate the cavity-embedded Cooper pair transistor (cCPT), a nonlinear charge and flux tunable microwave cavity, as an electrometer. This mode of operation is dispersive in that the charge gating the CPT island is encoded in the resonant frequency of the cCPT, which is then determined by reflection measurements. We find minimum charge sensitivities on the order of 10 μe/√Hz using input powers corresponding to a single intracavity photon. This is comparable to the sensitivity of rf-SETs while using many orders of magnitude less power. We discuss the significance of these results, compare with theory, and discuss the factors limiting the charge sensitivity in practice. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 5:36PM - 5:48PM Live |
C32.00014: Beyond the standard quantum limit of parametric amplification Michael Renger, Stefan Pogorzalek, Qiming Chen, Yuki Nojiri, Matti Partanen, Achim Marx, Rudolf Gross, Frank Deppe, Kirill Fedorov The low noise amplification of weak microwave signals is crucial for many protocols in quantum information processing. Quantum mechanics sets an ultimate lower limit of half a photon to the added input noise for phase-preserving amplification of narrowband signals, also known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). This limit, however, can be circumvented by employing nondegenerate parametric amplification of broadband signals. We show that, in theory, a maximum quantum efficiency of 1 can be reached. Experimentally, we detect the quantum efficiency of 0.69 beyond the SQL of 0.5 by employing a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier and broadband thermal signals. Thus, we demonstrate the violation of the SQL for nondegenerate parametric amplification of broadband input signals, a result which can be exploited for improvement of various qubit readout techniques. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 5:48PM - 6:00PM On Demand |
C32.00015: Real-time, adaptive quantum sensing with the Quantum Orchestration Platform Nir Halay, Inbar Aharon-Zohar, Niv Drucker, Itamar Sivan, Nissim Ofek, Yonatan Cohen, Muhammad Arshad, Cristian Bonato, Amit Finkler NV-center-based Quantum sensors have created a lot of interest in recent years due to their potential to provide an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and spatial resolution. To improve their performance and reach optimal sensitivity and measurement time, adaptive protocols in which control and measurement parameters are updated in real-time have been proposed, and some were recently demonstrated. Here we demonstrate how such protocols can be performed using Quantum Machines’ Quantum Orchestration Platform, which allows intuitive programming and significantly improved performance and feedback latency. Moreover, we discuss new protocols previously unexplored that can be performed with the platform. |
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