Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 4–8, 2019; Boston, Massachusetts
Session Y05: Novel Techniques |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Chair: Daniel Arovas, University of California, San Diego Room: BCEC 108 |
Friday, March 8, 2019 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
Y05.00001: A Multi-Element Microcalorimeter X-ray Detector that processes Pulses in Real Time Terrence Jach, Stephen M. Thurgate, Robin H Cantor, Joel Ullom Terrence Jach, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, Stephen M. Thurgate, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, Robin Cantor, Star Cryoelectronics, Santa Fe, NM, and Joel Ullom, NIST, Boulder, CO. We describe a microcalorimeter x-ray detector that operates up to 8 detector elements with full digital processing in real time. Each detector element employs a transition-edge sensor and two-stage SQUID electronics. The detector covers an energy range of 200 eV to 10 keV, with 5 eV resolution, at a count rate of 800/s. The processing includes pulse pileup rejection, digital filtering, peak fitting and an energy-calibrated histogram that displays a collective spectrum from all 8 detectors. The computer overhead is sufficiently low that we can envision a considerable expansion of the number of detectors. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
Y05.00002: Galeras Volcano internal structure characterization using geological and geophysics techniques as input to muon tomography studies Denis Torres, David Martinez, Roberto Torres, Alex Tapia, Jaime Betancourt, Jairo Rodriguez, David Dueñas, Danilo Arturo The Galeras Volcano (GV) activity has been monitored for several years due to it is surrounded by highly populated areas. Many populations have grown and settled in dangerous areas, this has increased the risk levels of these populations taking into account the GV recent history of eruptions and generation of pyroclastic flows. In this work, densities in the GV Complex and its variations were analyzed using geological studies and different geophysical methods, such as the seismic tomography of the P wave velocities and gravimetry. In the first method, layers are used at depths ranging from 4 to -10 km, taking 0 km as the sea level. It was obtained that the greatest density variation is between 2 and 0 Km with values between 2.16 and 2.43 g/cm3. Using the gravimetric method, a distribution map of densities ranging from 2.16 to 2.72 g/cm3 was obtained, the map shows a large number of low densities that can correspond to young bodies with little consolidation. The results obtained in this work will be a key input to enhance the developed GEANT4 simulations of GV within the project that aims to study the GV structure using the muon tomography technique. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
Y05.00003: Studies in Baseplate-Pixel Sensor Gluing of the Pixel Strip Modules for the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment Phase-2 Upgrade Jem Guhit, James Keaveney, Marino Missiroli The upgrade program, Phase-2 of the High Luminosity LHC (HL – LHC), is planned to increase instantaneous peak luminosities to 5.0 x 1034 cm-2 s-1. This study focuses on the Pixel-Sensor (PS) Module which will be installed in the end cap region of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. In order to prolong the lifetime of the modules during operation, an efficient cooling system has to be embedded within the components. The contact between the module and cooling is provided by a glue layer. Therefore, the study outlines the advances and improvements made on the gluing techniques between the baseplate and pixel sensor of the pixel strip (PS) modules to meet specifications. The automated assembly was commissioned by DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron) to increase the building efficiency of the modules. Using two types of epoxy glues, a fast curing, and slow curing glue, the specifications were achieved by exploiting the precision of the motion stage to achieve a thin glue layer with excellent coverage. The techniques were tested and produced promising results. Further studies on improving the method and assembly of modules are being done at the Detector Assembly Facility (DAF) at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
Y05.00004: Photoelectric Effect And Mass-Energy Energy Equations Must Include Rotational And Vibrational Kinetic Energy Factors As Well
As Linear Kinetic Factors. Also Mass-Energy Equation Must Also Include Potential Energy Factors. Stewart Brekke Einstein originally proposed in his Special Theory of Relativity that at low speeds E0= m0c2 + 1/2mv2. However, the total energy at low speeds must include the rotationlal and vibrational kinetic enerrgies as well as potential energies. Therefore the proper mass-energy equation at low speeds must be E0= m0c2 + 1/2m0v2+ 1/2Iω2+1/2 kx20 + Gm1m2/r + kQ1Q2/r. Originally, Einstein proposed that the ejected electron in the Photoelectric Effect through collisions in the material has lost its original kinetic energy and only the energy from the impacting photon affects the linear kinetic energy of the ejected electron. However, also through collisions in the material the ejected electron all rotational and vibrational kinetic energy is lost and only the energy from the impacting photon is retained by the ejected electron. Therefore, the resulting equation for the |
Friday, March 8, 2019 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
Y05.00005: Ultralow-power nonlinear optics using optical nanofibers in metastable xenon atoms Hari Lamsal, James Franson, Todd Butler Pittman Nonlinear optics (NLO) is a very broad field with applications ranging from frequency conversion and all-optical switching to quantum computing. For many of these applications, the use of low power lasers is desirable. Consequently, there is currently a push for the realization of new physical platforms enabling ultralow-power NLO. We study a promising ultralow-power NLO platform consisting of an optical nanofiber (ONF) suspended in a gas of metastable xenon atoms (Xe*). The origin of strong nonlinearity in this platform is due to the tight confinement of the ONF guided evanescent mode (~1 μm2) over a long distance (~1 cm), and a resonant interaction of the mode with the surrounding atoms. In this talk, I will describe how we develop our experimental “ONF in Xe*” platform, with ONF's having long life, and no degradation of transmission through them. I then will explain the experimental result of ultralow-power (nWs level) saturation effects using the platform. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
Y05.00006: Fast Hall™: A method for high speed AC field, AC current Hall measurements. Jeffrey Lindemuth The Hall effect, discovered in 1879 by E. Hall, is the primary method to measure carrier density, mobility and carrier type in materials. The most common method for measuring the Hall effect in semiconductors uses a DC magnetic field. This method depends are reversing the direction of the magnetic field. For some applications, especially low mobility materials, the use of an AC field instead of a DC field provides better measurements. Using the field reciprocity theorem, it is possible to generate the same hall measurements without the use of an external AC field. The frequency of this “effective AC field” is determined by the rate of interchanging the current and voltage leads attached to the sample and is not limited by the induction of the magnet generating the DC field. The current excitation can also be modulated by switching the direction of the current leads. The frequency of the effective AC field and the AC current do not have to be the same. This provides the opportunity of dual frequency (AC field/AC current) hall measurements over a wide, and independent, frequency range. Measurements of low mobility (< 1 cm2/(V s) materials will be presented. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
Y05.00007: Morphology of copper using lateral electrodeposition suitable for low-temperature soldering of microelectronic devices Sabrina Rosa, Arash Takshi Lateral copper growth for the development of electroplating technique as a low-temperature soldering procedure allows modification of the morphology and properties of soldering joints. The approach is particularly useful for soldering electronic components to a plastic 3D printed substrate and printed circuit boards(PCBs). Miniaturization of PCBs has shown an improvement in the efficiency and properties of electronic devices leading to new applications. An electrode pattern was used with a separation gap of 1mm. A junction between the two working electrodes was reported to occur in less than 1 minute, this result ensures the participation of the electrolyte. Hydrogen bubbles released after the electrolysis caused the structure of the electroplated layer to be more porous suitable for sensors and other applications. The morphology of copper deposits based on the interaction with hydrogen was exanimated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. Further experiments are required to optimize the soldering process for 3D approaches allowing interconnections of microelectronic devices. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
Y05.00008: Effect of Evaporation Boundary Condition on The Consolidation and Crack Propagation in Drying Colloidal Films Han Gao, Jiajia Zhou, Masao Doi, Ye Xu We investigate the dynamics of consolidation front growth and the subsequent crack propagation during the directional drying of colloidal film. By varying the geometry of the drying boundary, we observe that the shape of the conslidation front evolve from the shape of the boundary to one with smallest curvature. We also find the direction of the crack propagation keeps perpendicular to the consolidation front, resulting curved cracks. A theoretical model is developed to explane the evolution of consoildation front. Our finding allows us to explore other evaporation boundary conditions, such as temperature and humidity gradient, to control the direction of crack propagation in drying colloidal films. |
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