Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 4–8, 2019; Boston, Massachusetts
Session R24: Hybrid/Macroscopic Quantum Systems, Optomechanics, and Interfacing AMO with Solid State/Nano Systems III |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP DQI Chair: Nathan Schine, University of Chicago Room: BCEC 159 |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
R24.00001: Controlling thermal fluctuation of phonon modes with nonreciprocal dynamics in an optomechanical system Haitan Xu, Luyao Jiang, Aashish Clerk, Jack Harris Nonreciprocal dynamics in optomechanical systems is of rising interest in the past several years. While earlier works mainly focused on photonic modes, here we study nonreciprocal dynamics for phonon modes. We have realized nonreciprocal coupling between phonon modes, which leads to nonreciprocal phonon transfer. We achieved phonon isolation which can be tuned continuously over a wide range from -30dB to 30dB. We show the nonreciprocal phonon transfer as a new way to control the thermal fluctuation of phonon modes by controlling laser phases. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
R24.00002: Diamond optomechanical crystals with embedded nitrogen-vacancy centers Jeff Cady, Ohad Michel, Kenneth Lee, Ania Claire Jayich Hybrid mechanical systems, in which qubits are coupled to mechanical degrees of freedom, have recently emerged as a promising alternative and supplement to traditonal photonic systems. Recent experiments1 have demonstrated such a hybrid system with diamond mechanical resonators and embedded nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, which interact with one another via crystal strain. While previously realized devices have enabled, for example, extension of coherence using mechanically-dressed spin states and frequency and polarization tuning of the NV center excited state transition, NV-phonon coupling rates have not approached the high quantum cooperativity regime necessary for such applications as phonon-mediated spin-spin interactions and NV-assisted mechanical cooling. As a preliminary step toward the high cooperativity regime in NV center-based hybrid mechanical devices, we design and fabricate single-crystal diamond optomechanical crystals (OMCs), which host GHz-scale mechanical modes and telecom-band optical modes and contain embedded NV centers. Importantly, the spin coherence of these NV centers has been preserved through the fabrication process, with T2* exceeding 1 μs and T2 exceeding 70 μs. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
R24.00003: Persistent and Reversible Frequency Tuning in Graphene/Hexagonal Boron-Nitride Nanomechanical Resonators David Miller, Andrew Blaikie, Benjamin J Aleman Persistent and reversible methods for tuning the resonance frequency of a nanomechanical resonator are essential for fields ranging from quantum information to ultra-sensitive force and mass sensing. However, reliable methods to achieve this tuning have been difficult to realize. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
R24.00004: Cooling and amplifying motion of a diamond nanobeam via translation of a focussed laser beam Harishankar Jayakumar, Behzad Khanaliloo, David Lake, Paul Barclay Controlling the dynamics of mechanical resonators is central to many quantum science and metrology applications. Optomechanical control of diamond resonators is attractive owing to diamond’s excellent physical properties and its ability to host electronic spins that can be coherently coupled to mechanical motion. Using a confocal microscope, we demonstrate tunable amplification and damping of a diamond nanomechanical resonator’s motion. Observation of both normal mode cooling from room temperature to 80K, and amplification into self–oscillations with 60 μW of optical power is observed via waveguide optomechanical readout. This system is promising for quantum spin-optomechanics, as it is predicted to enable optical control of stress-spin coupling with rates of ∼ 1 MHz (100 THz) to ground (excited) states of diamond nitrogen vacancy centers. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
R24.00005: Measuring the Casimir torque Jeremy Munday It is well-known that the confinement of quantum electromagnetic fluctuations between two macroscopic objects can result in a force, known as the Casimir force. However, in addition to this force, a torque has been predicted between optically anisotropic materials. In this presentation I will discuss counter-intuitive ways to increase the torque (e.g. placing the objects in a dielectric medium rather than vacuum) and our recent experiments that confirm its existence. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
R24.00006: Optomechanics for NEMS based Mass Spectrometry Ewa Rej, Jarvis Li, Warren Fon, Matthew Matheny, Michael Roukes Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) provide an ideal platform for single molecule sensing applications due to their minute size and high quality factors. One application is the measurement of the mass of individual adsorbed molecules, such as single proteins. The mass resolution is governed by the uncertainty in the measured resonance frequency, with contributions from the mechanics (e.g thermomechanical noise), readout circuitry noise, and the intrinsic instability of the resonator. As a result, a detailed understanding of phase noise is necessary for improved sensor performance. Here we detail a new scheme for NEMS mass sensing based on superconducting microwave cavity optomechanics. The optomechanical transduction scheme is expected to improve the phase noise and resulting mass resolution of NEMS sensors. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
R24.00007: Search for light scalar dark matter using optomechanical systems Swati Singh Although the existence of dark matter (DM) has been indisputably proven by a range of cosmological and astronomical measurements, there is no viable candidate for dark matter in the Standard Model. In this talk, we will explore optomechanical resonators as detectors of scalar dark matter in the 10-12 – 10-6 eV regime. Light DM particles have large occupation numbers and can be phenomenologically described as a classical field. Irrespective of the model used to produce them, such a classical field can have consequences that can be measured by precision measurement setups, such as varying α or me at the frequency associated with DM mass. This effect is enhanced in a solid, and variations in the size of an elastic medium lead to a new force just like the tidal force due to a passing gravitational wave. Moreover, the resonant enhancement over a localized frequency provided by these devices enhances sensitivity to such fields. We will discuss the scalar field parameter space than can be explored by current and future optomechanical devices. Finally, we will comment on how these searches can complement the existing precision measurement based searches based on atomic clocks, spin precession or equivalence principle tests. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
R24.00008: Enhanced Optomechanics with Nanostructured Material Li-Fan Yang, Anurup Datta, Yu-Chun Hsueh, Xianfan Xu, Kevin Webb The maximum pressure on a planar surface is understood to be twice the incident wave power density normalized by the background velocity. We demonstrate for the first time that this pressure can be exceeded by a substantial factor by structuring a surface. Experimental results for direct optomechanical deflection of a nanostructured gold film on a silicon nitride membrane illuminated by a laser beam are shown to significantly exceed those for the planar surface. This enhanced pressure can be understood as being associated with an asymmetric optical cavity array realized in the membrane film, and a simple one-dimensional model explains the basic picture. Force control depends on the material properties and the geometrical parameters of the structured material. The interplay between material, structure at the nanometer-scale, and optical force should have substantial consequences in applications that include all-optical communication, remote actuation, propulsion, and biophysics. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
R24.00009: Cryogenic Optical and Spin Characterization of Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Matthew Trusheim, Benjamin Pingault, Noel Wan, Mustafa Gundogan, Lorenzo De Santis, Kevin Chen, Michael Walsh, Joshua Rose, Jonas Becker, Eric Bersin, Girish Malladi, Hassaram Bakhru, Ian A Walmsley, Mete Atature, Dirk R. Englund Color centers in diamond are promising quantum systems that can combine long-lived spin degrees of freedom with coherent optical transitions. Recently, emitters based on Group IV-vacancy complexes, including the silicon- and germanium-vacancy, have garnered interest as their inversion symmetry protects the optical line from environmental noise. Here, we will discuss cryogenic resonant spectroscopy of tin-vacancy (SnV) center in diamond. Specifically, we will describe its electronic structure, optical signatures of spin, and coherent optical and spin properties. We find that the SnV is a candidate quantum memory that can operate at liquid helium temperatures, potentially enabling scalable quantum networks. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
R24.00010: Utilizing the nonlinear dynamical response of an optically damped mechanical oscillator Kjetil Borkje We consider a standard cavity optomechanics setup where a mechanical oscillator is coherently driven at its resonance frequency. The cavity mode is driven below its resonance, providing optical damping of the mechanical oscillations. We study the nonlinear coherent response of the mechanical oscillator in this setup. For large mechanical amplitudes, we find that the system can display dynamical multistability if the optomechanical cooperativity exceeds a critical value. We investigate the effect of thermal and quantum noise and estimate the noise-induced switching rate between the stable states of the system. Finally, we discuss how this system can be used as bifurcation amplifiers for the detection of small mechanical or optical signals. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
R24.00011: Ground-state cooling of a mechanical resonator enabled by critical coupling and dark entangled states Cristian Cortes, Matthew Otten, Stephen K Gray Over the past ten years, there has been tremendous interest in achieving ground-state cooling in mechanical resonators in order to enhance the performance characteristics of mechanical-based sensors, quantum memories, and quantum transducers. While there have been successful demonstrations of ground-state cooling using optomechanical systems, an outstanding challenge remains in reaching the ground state using solid-state defects. In this work, we present a novel approach for resonant phonon cooling using the concept of critical coupling, subradiance, and many-body entanglement within an ensemble of two-level systems. We reveal that carefully engineering the strain profile of the mechanical resonator allows phonon cooling to proceed through the dark entangled states of an interacting ensemble, thereby enabling ground-state cooling in spite of the small spin-strain coupling strengths encountered in real systems. Our work provides a new avenue for phonon cooling and should be accessible for experimental demonstrations. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
R24.00012: Single Photon Generation Using Integrated 2D-material-based Cavity-Emitter Systems Frederic Peyskens, Dries Van Thourhout, Dirk R. Englund Localized quantum emitters in certain 2D materials show great promise to realize single photon sources on top of photonic integrated circuits, as these materials allow easy and scalable integration with such circuits. Most research so far was however devoted to the study of free-space quantum emitters. We will present our work on the integration of 2D materials on top of a mature silicon nitride photonic platform and moreover elaborate on our analytical framework to describe the interaction of a 2D-material-based cavity-emitter system with a dielectric photonic waveguide. Rather than minimizing the cavity modal volume, our analysis predicts an optimum modal volume to maximize the single photon generation efficiency into the guided mode of the waveguide, thereby balancing waveguide coupling and spontaneous emission rate enhancement. Numerical simulations on realistic systems allow us to extract optimal parameters for the design of integrated quantum photonic circuitry. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
R24.00013: Cavity optomagnonics with magnetic textures: coupling a magnetic vortex to light Jasmin Graf, Hannes Pfeifer, Florian Marquardt, Silvia Viola-Kusminskiy Efforts so far in cavity optomagnonics, where light couples coherently to magnons in a solid state cavity system, have focused on systems with a homogeneous magnetic background. We propose a cavity-optomagnonic system with a non homogeneous magnetic ground state, namely a vortex in a magnetic microdisk. We study the coupling between optical whispering gallery modes to gyrotropic and flexural magnon modes localized at the vortex. We show that the optomagnonic coupling has a rich spatial structure and that it can be tuned by an externally applied magnetic field. Our results predict cooperativities at maximum photon density of the order of C ~ 0.01 by proper engineering of these structures. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
R24.00014: Nonlinear dynamics in disordered optomechanical arrays Thales Figueiredo Roque, Florian Marquardt, Vittorio Peano, Oleg Yevtushenko Optomechanical arrays (OMA) have already offered a playground for the theoretical investigation of a broad range of phenomena including synchronization, many-body dynamics, quantum control and topological effects. The implementation of this investigations requires a degree of control on the dispersion of the parameters of the individual optomechanical cells. However, the most promising platforms for OMA are based on nanoscale on-chip technologies such as microdisks and optomechanical crystals. This represents a challenge because fabrication imperfections are difficult to control on the nanoscale. Conversely, disorder can be viewed as a resource which gives rise to interesting physical phenomena. In this talk, we focus on the nonlinear dynamics of disordered OMA. This regime display a number of nontrivial and yet not explored phenomena involving the interplay of Anderson localization, dissipation and strong nonlinearities. |
Thursday, March 7, 2019 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
R24.00015: Modeling the Adsorption-Desorption Phase Noise in Optomechanical Oscillators Cijy Mathai, Siddharth Tallur Optomechanical oscillators (OMOs) exhibit self-sustained mechanical oscillations, driven by optical pumping through radiation pressure or optical gradient force. Due to the lack of externally applied feedback, prior theoretical models and experiments have reported that such oscillators are free of 1/f3 (pink noise) and higher order slopes in the phase noise spectrum [Opt. Exp. 2011;19:24522-29]. However, most OMO results reported at sub-atmospheric temperatures and pressures exhibit significant 1/f4 phase noise (brown noise), that is not explained by conventional models. In this work, we study the impact of adsorption and desorption (of gas molecules on the resonator surface) on phase noise in OMOs, based on noise analysis in mechanical oscillators [IEEE TUFFC. 1989;36(4):452-8]. Experimental data recorded for a chip-scale silicon OMO (obtained in a liquid nitrogen cooled vacuum ambience) fits well with the theoretical prediction. An additional insight drawn from the model is that unlike phase noise originating from thermal noise sources, the brown phase noise is independent of the mechanical mode shape, as validated through observation of similar magnitude of 1/f4 noise in oscillations of a radial breathing mode at 70MHz and wineglass mode at 58MHz in the same device. |
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