Bulletin of the American Physical Society
2009 APS March Meeting
Volume 54, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 16–20, 2009; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Session Q5: Plasmonics in Future Electronics |
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Sponsoring Units: FIAP Chair: Boris Luk`yanchuk, Agency for Science, Technology and Research Room: 401/402 |
Wednesday, March 18, 2009 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
Q5.00001: A Technique for Nanoscale Plasmonic Imaging via Photoemission Invited Speaker: The scientific community is witnessing increased research activity on Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs). The potential applications of SPPs and plasmonic structures based on their control and manipulation are truly multi-disciplinary, spanning high speed nano-scale interconnects, meta-materials, chemical and biological sensing, sub-wavelength optics and waveguides, near-field optical trapping, high-density data storage, and the enhancement of non-linear effects. Measurement of the localized optical field intensity is a critical component in validating physical models and characterizing plasmonic structures. The dominant technique employed for this task is the Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscope (SNOM) or Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope (PSTM), whose contrast mechanism is based on measuring light scattered from the near-field with a probe. These techniques can provide high resolution images of the localized fields, but they are slow. Furthermore, tip-sample interactions can perturb the fields, yielding ambiguity between electric and magnetic fields and frustrating attempts at accurate optical characterization. One way to facilitate the advance of plasmonics is to develop new techniques for imaging and characterizing SPP behavior on the nanoscale. Recent efforts employing photoemission to reveal the localized fields have demonstrated that this technique can provide both high spatial ($\sim$10nm) and temporal (fs) resolution when combined with a Photoelectron Emission Microscope (PEEM)[1-3]. The PEEM does not require a probe so the fields can be imaged without perturbation. It also provides a parallel image of the full field, so acquisition times are fast. We are expanding the capabilities of the PEEM to exploit a novel contrast mechanism which will broaden the spectrum of plasmonic devices observable. We present our experimental efforts in this area, detail the underlying physics of the contrast mechanism and discuss how it can be controlled to enable unique spatial and temporal information on the propagation of SPPs within plasmonic structures. \\[4pt] [1] M. Cinchetti, A. Gloskovskii, S. A. Nepjiko, G. Schonhense, H. Rochholz and M. Kreiter, PRL 95*, *047601 (2005) \\[0pt] [2] Atsushi Kubo, Ken Onda, Hrvoje Petek, Zhijun Sun, Yun S. Jung, and Hong Koo Kim, Nano Letters, 2005, Vol. 5, No. 6, 1123-1127 \\[0pt] [3] M. Stockman, M. Kling, U. Kleineberg, F. Krausz, Nature photonics, VOL 1, Sept 2007, 539-544 [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 18, 2009 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
Q5.00002: Ultrafast and Quantum Nanoplasmonics: SPASER and Control Invited Speaker: Nanoplasmonics is presently experiencing a period of unprecedented growth and has numerous applications. These include sensing and detection of minute amount of chemical and biological objects for biomedicine and defense [1], near-field scanning optical microscopy [2], immunological tests, labels for biomedical research, nanoantennas for efficient coupling of light to semiconductor devices, etc. Nanoplasmonics still greatly needs active elements to generate optical energy on the nanoscale and serve as amplifiers. We have proposed a quantum nanoplasmonic generator and amplifier of the local optical fields, SPASER [surface plasmon amplification by stimulated emission (of radiation)]. [3-5]. A SPASER is analogous to laser except that light (photons) is replaced by local optical fields (surface plasmons). This is responsible for the principal difference: laser cavity must support photonic modes and its size is on order or much greater than the optical wavelength, cf. [6]. In contrast, the surface plasmons in the spaser are purely electric oscillations whose localization size is nanometric. SPASER will transform nanoplasmonics the same way as the laser transformed optics. In particular nanoplasmonic processors working at THz operation rates will become possible. Another important area is the active control of nanoplasmonic phenomena. One approach to it is coherent control, where a shaped optical pulse dynamically, on the femtosecond scale controls the nanoscale distribution of local fields [7-12]. \newline \newline \textbf{References \newline }[1] J. N. Anker\textit{ et al.}, Nature Materials \textbf{7}, 442 (2008). \newline [2] L. Novotny, and B. Hecht, \textit{Principles of nano-optics }(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, 2006). \newline [3] D. J. Bergman, and M. I. Stockman, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{90}, 027402 (2003). \newline [4] K. Li\textit{ et al.}, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{71}, 115409 (2005). \newline [5] M. I. Stockman, Nature Photonics \textbf{2}, 327 (2008). \newline [6] M. T. Hill\textit{ et al.}, Nature Photonics \textbf{1}, 589 (2007). \newline [7] M. I. Stockman, S. V. Faleev, and D. J. Bergman, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{88}, 67402 (2002). \newline [8] M. I. Stockman, D. J. Bergman, and T. Kobayashi, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{69}, 054202 (2004). \newline [9] M. I. Stockman, and P. Hewageegana, Nano Lett. \textbf{5}, 2325 (2005). \newline [10] M. Durach\textit{ et al.}, Nano Lett. \textbf{7}, 3145 (2007). \newline [11] M. I. Stockman, and P. Hewageegana, Appl. Phys. A \textbf{89}, 247 (2007). \newline [12] X. Li, and M. I. Stockman, Phys. Rev. B \textbf{77}, 195109 (2008). [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 18, 2009 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
Q5.00003: Magnetic Light Emitters: Plasmon-enhanced Magnetic Dipole Transitions Invited Speaker: Over the past decade, advances in both negative index metamaterials and resonant optical antennas have challenged traditional assumptions about light-matter interactions. While metamaterials research has shown that metallic structures can be engineered to support strong optical frequency magnetic resonances, resonant optical antennas have been designed to amplify and re-direct the emission from electric dipole emitters. In this talk, we explore the intersection of these distinct fields and investigate how resonant optical effects may be used to challenge the electric dipole approximation. Specifically, we will show how Purcell effects may be used to enhance the natural optical frequency magnetic dipole transitions in Lanthanide ions. We will present experimental and numerical results that demonstrate enhanced magnetic dipole emission from trivalent Europium ions near metallic films and nanoparticle composites. We will explore how the varying symmetries of electric and magnetic dipoles can be used to characterize and optimize magnetic light emission. Finally, we will discuss the implications of enhancing and controlling higher-order optical transitions for optical spectroscopy and photonic devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 18, 2009 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
Q5.00004: Plasmonic nano-circuitry Invited Speaker: Photonic components are superior to electronic ones in terms of operational bandwidth but suffer from the diffraction limit that constitutes a major problem on the way towards miniaturization and high density integration of optical circuits. The degree of light confinement in dielectric structures, including those based on the photonic band-gap effect, is fundamentally limited by the light wavelength in the dielectric used. The main approach to circumvent this problem is to take advantage of hybrid nature of surface plasmons (SPs) whose subwavelength confinement is achieved due to very short (nm-long) penetration of light in metals. After briefly reviewing various SP guiding configuration the results of our investigations of subwavelength photonic components utilizing SP modes propagating along channels cut into gold films are overviewed [Nature \textbf{440}, 508 (2006); Nano Lett. \textbf{7}, 880 (2007)], demonstrating first examples of \textit{ultracompact} plasmonic components that pave the way for a new class of integrated optical circuits [Physics Today, May 2008, pp.44-50]. Recent results on the SP guiding along gold wedges at telecom wavelengths are also presented [Opt. Express \textbf{16}, 5252 (2008)]. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, March 18, 2009 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
Q5.00005: Field enhancement by Plasmonic Nanostructures Invited Speaker: Plasmonics is a fascinating research theme undergoing rapid evoluations in recent years that focus on the study of light interaction with metallic nanostructures involving collective electron oscillations (plasmon). An exciting goal of plasmonics is to devleop fully integrated electro-optical nano-circuits in which photonics and electronics merge at nanoscale dimensions. Field localization, i.e., strongly enhanced optical hot spots in nanoscale near nanostructures, is one of the key features in light interaction with plasmonic nanostructures. In this talk, I will discuss the nanoscale hotspots induced by light interaction with several different types of plasmonic nanostructures such as isolated/chained nanoparticles, tips, and nanowires. Besides the intensity field information, I will also present the energy flows information of the hotspots (Poynting vector) which illustrates the formation of field enhancement effect in a more intuitive manner. Many interesting energy flows such as saddle, centre and vortex flows are seen in the near-field of the plasmonic nanostructures. Lastly, I will briefly discuss the possible thermal influence of these hotspots on the performance and operation of future integrated plasmonic/electronics nano-circuits. [Preview Abstract] |
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