Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session M15: Physics in Medicine: Innovations in ImagingLive
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Sponsoring Units: GMED Chair: Urban Simoncic |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 11:30AM - 11:42AM Live |
M15.00001: Phase sensitive X-ray imaging experiments with structured illumination and polycapillary optics for clinical application Uttam Pyakurel, Weiyuan Sun, Pikting Cheung, Xiaoyun Zhang, Carolyn MacDonald, Jonathan C Petruccelli X -ray phase images of soft tissue provide higher image contrast than conventional images because the difference in phase imparted to X-rays by similar soft tissues is large compared to the difference in attenuation. However, phase imaging has found limited clinical use due to requirements on x-ray coherence that may not be easily translated to clinical practice or the need for precision gratings with limited field of view. Instead, we will discuss experiments to achieve practicable phase imaging that employ a conventional source to create structured illumination with a simple wire mesh. Polycapillary optics are employed to enhance coherence. A deconvolution method minimizes the effect of spurious gradients due to the finite source size and camera resolution. We will present results from a reconstruction method that produces scatter free absorption, phase and scatter amplitude images simultaneously. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 11:42AM - 11:54AM Live |
M15.00002: Novel approach for ultrafast ultrasound image formation in complex media: aberration correction and real-time speed-of-sound mapping Hanna Bendjador, Thomas Deffieux, Mickaël Tanter Ultrafast ultrasound imaging introduced plane waves to form high quality images at high frame rates. In complex media, wave front distortions still hinder severely the image quality and the quantitative assessments. We present here a novel and fast method for adaptive image formation, based on ultrafast coherence optimization. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 11:54AM - 12:06PM Live |
M15.00003: Frequency multiplexing ultrasound as a platform for enhanced harmonic imaging Keren Karlinsky, Tali Ilovitsh In this research we developed an enhanced ultrasound (US) harmonic imaging (HI) method for the noninvasive imaging of microbubbles (MB). Lipid-based, gas-filled MB have been developed as contrast agents for US imaging. Their micron size makes them safe for intravenous injection, and they are widely used in the clinic for US imaging of blood vessels. MBs possess a non-linear response to an incident US field, enabling to separate their echoes from those generated by surrounding tissue via HI. Nevertheless, HI suffers from limitations in contrast, signal to noise ratio, generated artifacts and susceptibility to patients’ movement. We propose an enhanced HI method that is based on a recently discovered alternative MB non-linear effect, frequency mixing. This effect is triggered when a MB is excited simultaneously by multiple frequencies. Our unique transmit signal is the superposition of two frequencies transmitted in real time by a programmable US system. When a MB is excited by this waveform, new frequencies are generated only in the MB echoes and not in the tissue echoes, enabling their separation with high precision and sensitivity. The method can be implemented with conventional ultrasound systems, without the need for additional components. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:06PM - 12:18PM Live |
M15.00004: Development and characterization of a modular hyperspectral imaging system Jost Stergar, Luka Rogelj, Rok Dolenec, Urban Simoncic, Matija Milanic Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combines both imaging and spectroscopy, providing insight into tissue structure as well as chemistry, that is not offered by other imaging methods. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:18PM - 12:30PM Live |
M15.00005: Improving blood vessel tortuosity measurements via highly sampled numerical integration of the Frenet-Serret equations Alex Brummer, David Hunt, Van Savage Measures of vascular tortuosity are associated with a variety of vascular diseases. Consequently, measurements of vessel tortuosity that are accurate and comparable across modality, resolution, and size are greatly needed. Yet in practice, precise and consistent measurements are problematic. Here, we present a new method of measuring vessel tortuosity that ensures improved accuracy. Our method relies on numerical integration of the Frenet-Serret equations. By reconstructing the three-dimensional vessel coordinates from tortuosity measurements, we explain how to identify and use a minimally-sufficient sampling rate based on vessel radius while avoiding errors associated with oversampling and overfitting. Our work identifies a key failing in current practices of filtering asymptotic measurements and highlights inconsistencies and redundancies between existing tortuosity metrics. We demonstrate our method by applying it to manually constructed vessel phantoms with known measures of tortuousity, and 9,000 vessels from medical image data spanning human cerebral, coronary, and pulmonary vascular trees, and the carotid, abdominal, renal, and iliac arteries. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:30PM - 12:42PM Live |
M15.00006: GPU inverse Adding-Doubling method for analysis of optical spectral images Matija Milanic, Jost Stergar The Adding-Doubling method (AD) is a general analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation (RTE). AD is significantly faster than the accurate solutions of RTE (e.g. Monte Carlo), and accurate in contrast to the approximate solutions of RTE (e.g., Diffusion Approximation). |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:42PM - 12:54PM Live |
M15.00007: Modeling and validation of mesh-based x-ray phase imaging system Laila Hassan, Uttam Pyakurel, Weiyuan Sun, Carolyn MacDonald, Jonathan C Petruccelli X-ray images of low-density materials, such as soft tissue, provide inherently low contrast due to their subtle attenuation differences. However, differences in phase imparted to x rays can be substantial, giving greatly improved contrast. The barrier to widespread implementation of x-ray phase imaging is that most phase techniques require high spatial coherence of the x-ray beam. A novel system has been investigated that employs a stainless steel wire mesh to produce a high-contrast structured illumination pattern which reduces the need for source coherence and complex alignments. Phase is reconstructed from distortions in this pattern due to phase-based x-ray deflection. We present a computational model utilizing ray tracing that allows us to explore its design space and to optimize our phase reconstruction algorithms. Simulation results are presented and compared with experiment for validation. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 12:54PM - 1:06PM Live |
M15.00008: Development of Flexible Microwave Antennas for Breast Cancer Imaging System Maryam Liaqat, Thiago campos, LUCAS GALLINDO COSTA, Ali Raza, Muhammad Aslam, Frederico Dia Nunes To diagnose the breast tumor(BT) Microwave Imaging (MWI) are used as an alternative of X-ray Mammography. MWI is non-ionizing, non-invasive technique which use back scattering rays for reconstruction of images of targeted BT. Antennas are designed in frequency of 2GHz. Three substrate material like FR4, polyester and pyralux polyimide (PP) was analyzed in three different designs of patch antennas like Rectangular Patch antenna, Bow-Tie and Split Rectangular Patch Antennas. S11 and electric field (EF) are analyzed to determine the performance of antenna in air and in the presence of 3D Breast phantom (BP) (healthy and diseased). On the bases of dielectric properties (DP) of cancerous tissues, embedded tumors are analyzed in BP which is designed in HFSS. Split patch antenna is best among all for PP and polyester substrate. It’s compact in size, high in gain and directivity. BY using the array of antennas, the performance of the system improved due to mutual coupling of antennas placed at 1800 apart of 80mm distance. Flexible antennas were also analyzed in the presence of 3D BP which also simulated using HFSS with DP of healthy and diseased BT. The magnitude of EF shows that the effectiveness of antennas in the presence of breast phantom. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:06PM - 1:18PM Live |
M15.00009: Microwave Breast Cancer Imaging Technique: Arrangement and Parametric Analysis of Array of Flexible Microwave Antennas with Phantom Muhammad Aslam, Ali Raza, Jehan Akbar, Naila Mukhtar, Saher Jabeen, Maryam Liaqat X-Rays mammography is widely used in the world for diagnosis of Breast cancer. Unfortunately, mammography is usually failed to diagnose at early stages. Microwave imaging (MWI) technique is non-hazardous and efficient for breast cancer screening and diagnosis at all stages but still is an under-developed technique. In present studies, the key features are studied for development of MWI. Microwave (MW) antenna radiates and receives signals to or from nearby scattering objects exactly like the technique of a radar. Flexible MW antennas of 2.1 GHz frequency are designed because of penetration through the skin is greater in this frequency range but the resolution is quite low therefore an array of 8 antennas are used to improve the resolution. Mutual coupling (MC), gain, and directivity of split patch antennas are studied here. Antennas arranged at 1800 t each other are MC because these produce equal of greater than -20dB difference of s-parameters of S(X,1) and S(Y,1). The gain of MW antennas with tumor is very low as compare to communication antennas but using an array of same antennas the gain increases. All these parameters help to develop and improve the wearable device of MWI. |
Wednesday, March 17, 2021 1:18PM - 1:30PM On Demand |
M15.00010: Monolingual and bilingual language networks in healthy subjects using functional MRI and graph theory Qiongge Li, Luca Pasquin, Gino Del Ferraro, Madeleine Gene, Kyung Peck, Hernan Makse, Andrei Holodny We wish to model brain networks by analyzing tasked-based fMRI data of healthy monolingual and bilingual subjects who performed a specific language task designed for clinical applications. We aim to study the architecture of the functional networks in each group and characterize any differences arising from network centrality measurements. Particularly, we sought to assess the k core, which is emerging as an important topological measure of networks and may provide useful insights in addition to the functional connectivity map. We analyzed fMRI scans from 8 healthy bilinguals and 8 monolinguals. For every bilingual subject, two scans were acquired - Spanish (L1) and in English (L2). We unveiled a persistent functional architecture, the “common network”, beyond inter-subject variability, which wires together with the left Broca’s area, the left Wernicke's area (WA), the left PreMotor area, and the pre-Supplementary Motor Area. This structure displays the differential connectivity of WA between groups. The k core centrality measure showed several areas belong to the maximum k core while WA’ shell occupancy varies across groups. |
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