Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session J31: Hybrid Quantum Systems II - OptomechanicsLive
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Gerwin Koolstra, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:00PM - 3:12PM Live |
J31.00001: Linear quantum-confined Stark effect and field tunable excitonic oscillator strength in bilayer WS2 Sarthak Das, Medha Dandu, Garima Gupta, Krishna Murali, Nithin Abraham, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Sangeeth Kallatt, Kausik Majumdar The reflection symmetry is broken while the inversion symmetry is restored in bilayer TMDs unlike monolayers1. This results in anomalous field-dependent excitonic behavior in bilayer WS2 compared with monolayers. First, we show a linear quantum-confined Stark effect of bilayer intra-layer excitons with a vertical electric field, contrary to a quadratic one for a monolayer. Second, we demonstrate a strong field-dependent tunability of the oscillator strength of the intra-layer exciton due to a partial interconversion from intra-layer to inter-layer character with an increase in the vertical field. Third, using a modified device structure, we also show an efficient modulation of the excitonic response by transferring the oscillator strength from exciton to trion via electrostatic doping. These demonstrations make bilayer WS2 as an excellent candidate for the field tunable ultrathin electro-optical absorption modulator2 at the exciton resonance. These observations can find applications in various domains ranging from novel photonic devices, optical modulators, optical computing to imaging, and on-chip reconfigurable compact devices for next-generation optoelectronics. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:12PM - 3:24PM Live |
J31.00002: Ultrasensitive torque detection and 5D cooling of optically levitated nanoparticles Peng Ju, Jonghoon Ahn, Jaehoon Bang, Zhujing Xu, Xingyu Gao, Tongcang Li The rotational degrees of freedom of a levitated nanoparticle have drawn growing interest as promising platforms for torque sensing and rotational quantum mechanics. Here, we demonstrate the state-of-art torque sensor reaching sensitivity of (4.2 ± 1.2) ×10-27 N m Hz-1/2 at room temperature with an optically levitated nanorotor in vacuum [1]. Our calculations show that this system can be used to detect the long-sought vacuum friction near a surface. We also drive a levitated nanodumbbell to rotate at a record high speed beyond 5 GHz, which has potential application for studying the quantum geometric phase. Moreover, we perform the first five-dimensional cooling for a levitated nanodumbbell with motional temperature reduced by 2 orders from room temperature [2]. This experiment paves the way towards the Casimir toque detection near a birefringent surface [3] and full quantum control of a levitated non-spherical particle. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:24PM - 3:36PM Not Participating |
J31.00003: Low temperature diamond optomechanics Jeff Cady, Rishi N Patel, Amir Safavi-Naeini, Ania Claire Jayich Diamond optomechanical crystals (OMCs) are a promising architecture for studying mechanical motion in the quantum regime, since they enable interactions between phonons, photons, and the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of defect qubits such as nitrogen and silicon-vacancy centers, which can couple to mechanical motion via crystal strain. Recent experiments [1,2] have measured diamond OMCs at room temperature and shown [1] that these nanofabricated structures can host coherent nitrogen vacancy-center spins. However, an outstanding challenge to achieving quantum interactions in these systems is the demonstration of long-lived, high-strain mechanics near the ground state of motion. As a step toward this goal, we design and fabricate single-crystal diamond optomechanical crystals which host GHz-scale mechanical modes with large zero-point strain and characterize their optomechanical properties at 6K in a closed-cycle cryostat. We show optical and mechanical quality factors > 105 and study the effects of optical absorption heating in these devices. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:36PM - 3:48PM Live |
J31.00004: Quantum fluctuation induced heat transfer between nano-mechanical membranes King Yan Fong, Haokun Li, Rongkuo Zhao, Sui Yang, Yuan Wang, Xiang Zhang Quantum vacuum fluctuations is the underlying cause of a wide range of interesting physical phenomena, experimental verifications of which have formed a firm basis for quantum field theory and QED. Recently there is theoretical prediction that quantum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields can assist phonon coupling between objects and thus facilitate heat transfer across vacuum. Here we report the first experimental observation of such a phenomenon [1]. We realized Casimir strong phonon coupling between nano-mechanical membranes and observed heat exchange between individual phonon modes. Control experiments were performed to eliminate other effects such as thermal radiation and electrostatic interaction. Our result reveals quantum fluctuations as a new heat transfer mechanism in addition to the convectional conduction, convection, and radiation. It also opens up new possibilities of exploiting quantum vacuum in thermal engineering and quantum thermodynamics. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 3:48PM - 4:00PM Live |
J31.00005: Effects of Phase Noise in Microwave Control Sequences on Spin Coherence Tzu-Yung Huang, David Hopper, Mohamad Hossein Idjadi, Kaisarbek Omirzakhov, Stanley A Breitweiser, Firooz Aflatouni, Lee Bassett As quantum systems advance towards practical applications in quantum computing, communication, and sensing, it has become crucial to assess the effects of classical control noise on quantum protocols. Traditionally, high-performance benchtop pulse generators are used to implement quantum gates. However, real-world applications will demand consideration of device scalability, cost, and power consumption along with performance. Here, we investigate how the oscillator phase noise and pulse-envelope timing jitter affect the performance of quantum control protocols implemented with a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We combine an analytical model that incorporates jitter of the gate arrival time with a numerical model relating voltage controlled oscillator phase noise to quantum decoherence. The model enables us to pinpoint device specifications that limit control-induced errors below a desired value. We present experimental results on how the observed T2* of a single NV center varies as a function of phase noise levels. Finally, we discuss how these results can inform the design of application-specific integrated circuits for quantum control. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:00PM - 4:12PM Live |
J31.00006: Tuning non-reciprocity between two circuit QED modules II - nonlinear interactions Sean van Geldern, Yingying Wang, Yuxin Wang, Thomas Connolly, Aashish Clerk, Chen Wang Non-reciprocity is an important property needed in quantum systems to further develop more complex and useful quantum architectures. The current research has primarily focused on non-reciprocal interactions between linear modes, which plays a peripheral role of classical signal routing for quantum devices. Here we aim to introduce non-reciprocity to nonlinear interactions that are central to quantum information processing. Using a pair of ferrite circulator modes as mediators, we render a hallmark interaction in circuit QED, the qubit-cavity dispersive interaction, (a†aσz), non-reciprocal. By varying external magnetic fields we demonstrate tunable non-reciprocity, as measured from the difference in dispersive frequency shifts in the forward (cavity to qubit) and backward (qubit to cavity) directions. We further investigate photon shot-noise dephasing arising from this non-reciprocal dispersive interaction and compare it to theoretical predictions. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:12PM - 4:24PM Live |
J31.00007: Reactivity studies in growth of strained InAs-Al heterostructures William Strickland, Joseph Yuan, Mehdi Hatefipour, Fatemeh Barati, Matthieu Dartiailh, Kasra Sardashti, Joshua Tong, Sarunya Bangsaruntip, Sanghoon Lee, William T. Spratt, Phillip M. Rice, Teya Topuria, Javad Shabani Leveraging the growth of superconducting, epitaxial Al on a semiconducting InAs quantum well to fabricate gated Josephson junctions with highly transparent interfaces may prove vital for realizing near-term scalable quantum information processing on superconducting qubit circuits. Microwave performance on III-V/Al heterostructures, however, may be limited by threading dislocations in the bulk layers. For this reason, we investigate the growth of InAs/Al heterostructures strained to the underlying InP substrate. We grow thin films with AlAs and InGaAs insertion layers of various thicknesses between the InAs and Al regions. We study sample surface morphology and show that samples with a thin AlAs insertion layer have an improved surface morphology, with a lower root-mean-squared roughness by almost 0.5 nm. Through HAADF-STEM studies, we find that samples grown under suboptimal conditions lead to 10 nm large Al islands, while islanding is largely inhibited in samples with an insertion layer. We discuss implications of different materials systems for gate-voltage tunable Josephson junctions through ID Poisson simulations. We show that by improving the semiconductor-superconductor interface morphology, this materials platform is well suited for tunable quantum circuits. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:24PM - 4:36PM Live |
J31.00008: Engineering arbitrary two-mode Gaussian control using a multi-mode coupler Shoumik Chowdhury, Mengzhen Zhang, Liang Jiang Quantum transduction and bosonic quantum information processing both rely on the ability to precisely control interactions between desired modes of a multimode system. Previous studies have shown that single-mode control operations and interference may be used in conjunction to selectively decouple modes or swap any pair of modes, starting from any generic multimode bosonic coupler. In this work, we develop a similar interference-based scheme that can engineer arbitrary two-mode Gaussian unitary operations between desired modes of a multimode system. We present our results for a 3-mode toy model system (representing an opto-electro-mechanical coupler) and demonstrate how we can use decoupling to construct effective two-mode squeezers and beamsplitters by varying just a single control parameter. We further establish how this parametric dependence may be used to achieve squeezing-free operation of our protocol. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:36PM - 4:48PM Live |
J31.00009: Interference-based universal decoupling and swapping Mengzhen Zhang, Shoumik Chowdhury, Liang Jiang Hybrid quantum devices and networks require quantum control of bosonic modes associated with different bosonic platforms. Due to couplings with other modes, even elementary operations like beam splitters might not be immediately available. In this work, we present a universal interference-based scheme for converting multi-mode Gaussian interactions into decoupling or swapping operation of arbitrary selected modes. The scheme only requires multiple uses of the same multi-mode Gaussian interaction interleaved with single-mode Gaussian operations, which can be implemented experimentally. Since the theory is derived from fundamental physical laws, it is applicable to various bosonic physical platforms. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 4:48PM - 5:00PM Live |
J31.00010: Acoustic spontaneous emission by a superconducting qubit Vijay Jain, Chan U Lei, Taekwan Yoon, Yanni Dahmani, Nikolay V. Gnezdilov, Vladislav Kurilovich, Luigi Frunzio, Leonid Glazman, Peter Rakich, Robert J Schoelkopf Superconducting circuits are a versatile tool in developing hybrid quantum platforms, including interfacing with the bulk acoustic waves (BAWs) of pristine crystalline substrates [1]. Recent experimental work has shown that transmons have a reduced lifetime in the presence of piezoelectric thin films used to transduce microwave photons into phonons [2]. Here, we have designed a qubit architecture that extends the qubit's lifetime (T1) by an order of magnitude as compared to the previous quantum acoustic BAW device [2]. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:00PM - 5:12PM Live |
J31.00011: Flux-mediated electromechanical coupling between a mechanical oscillator and superconducting qubit Tanmoy Bera, Sourav Majumder, Sudhir Sahu, Vibhor Singh Control over the quantum states of a massive oscillator is important for several technological applications and to test the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. In recent years, hybrid devices consisting of superconducting qubit and mechanical resonator have emerged as a successful candidate in this regard. Here we explore the performance of a hybrid electromechanical system based on the magnetic flux-based coupling. The coupling stems from the quantum interference of the superconducting phase across the tunnel junction and is realized by embedding a mechanical resonator in a superconducting loop. Our results show that the single-photon coupling rates higher than the conventional optomechanical systems in the microwave domain can be reached by this approach. With this large coupling rate, we detect the thermo-mechanical motion by driving the system with less than one photon and observe the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg effect. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:12PM - 5:24PM Live |
J31.00012: Effect of Laser Illumination on Niobium Transmon Qubits for Quantum Transduction Jash Banker, Srujan Meesala, Alp Sipahigil, Piero Chiappina, David Lake, Steven Wood, Oskar Painter A transducer that can coherently convert quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain is a key component in realizing long distance quantum networks that connect spatially separated quantum processors based on superconducting qubits. Recently, we demonstrated transduction of optical photons from a superconducting qubit using a piezoacoustic transduction scheme. This device operates in pulsed mode at a low repetition rate due to slow relaxation of quasiparticles (QPs) generated in the aluminum (Al) circuit upon optical illumination. We aim to address this issue by using niobium (Nb) qubits to leverage the short QP lifetime of Nb. In this work, we study the effects of pulsed laser light on a transmon qubit with a Nb capacitor and Al Josephson junctions. We use a lensed fiber to illuminate the qubit with laser light at 1.55um and extract a timescale for the recovery of qubit population and coherence after the laser pulse. We also study the effect of laser power and repetition rate on the population and coherence times of the qubit. Our measurements indicate that integrating our previously demonstrated piezoacoustic transducer with Nb qubits would allow for faster repetition rates, enabling experiments revealing the quantum coherent nature of the transduction process. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:24PM - 5:36PM Live |
J31.00013: Strong non-reciprocal and non-linear transport of photons mediated by a single quantum emitter Nadia Antoniadis, Alisa Javadi, Natasha Tomm, Rüdiger Schott, Sascha Valentin, Andreas D. Wieck, Arne Ludwig, Richard J. Warburton Reciprocity and linearity are the most basic and intuitive properties of light and breaking them via a coherent light-matter interaction is of great interest in fundamental physics and applications. Here, we present a system showing both a highly non-reciprocal and non-linear response using a semiconductor quantum dot in a tunable microcavity [1]. Non-reciprocity, the dependence of transmission on the propagation direction, occurs by chirally coupling photons to a quantum dot in a one-sided, polarisation-degenerate cavity and tuning the coupling strength between the cavity and the quantum dot to the critical point. In our experiment, transmission of light in the forward direction is suppressed by a factor of 7 compared to the backward direction. The “atom-like” energy structure of a quantum dot naturally leads to non-linearity at the single-photon level with a saturation power of around 240 pW. Furthermore, we show how the tunable nature of the open microcavity enables its implementation as a diode for single-photons, surpassing any other reported quantum system with respect to non-reciprocal transmission. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:36PM - 5:48PM Live |
J31.00014: Engineering Entangled Photon Pairs with Metal-Organic Framework Materials Ruben Fritz, Yamil Colón, Felipe Herrera The discovery and design of novel materials with competitive optical frequency conversion efficiencies can accelerate the development of scalable photonic quantum technologies. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have a large potential for quantum optics, given the combinatorial number of possibilities for fabrication of MOFs with large nonlinearities [1]. To enable the discovery of MOFs for quantum technologies, scalable computational assessment tools are needed. We develop a multi-scale method to study the wavefunction of entangled photon pairs generated by selected non-centrosymmetric MOF crystals via spontaneous parametric down-conversion [2]. Starting from a crystal structure, we predict the shape of the intensity correlation function for coincidence detection of energy-time entangled photon pairs. The predicted optical nonlinearities and pair correlation times are comparable to inorganic crystal standards such as KDP. Our work offers insights on the structure-property relationships relevant for entangled photon generation with MOFs, paving the way for the automated discovery of molecular materials for optical quantum technology. |
Tuesday, March 16, 2021 5:48PM - 6:00PM Live |
J31.00015: Tuning non-reciprocity between two circuit QED modules I - linear interactions Yingying Wang, Sean van Geldern, Thomas Connolly, Alexander Shilcusky, Aashish Clerk, Chen Wang In a modular quantum information processing architecture, it is highly desirable to have low-loss directional transmission channels to control the information flow while maintaining high fidelity. Using single crystalline yttrium iron garnet (YIG) in a waveguide-based package, we directly integrate a pair of shielded superconducting cavities with a low-loss custom-designed circulator, which has insertion loss of ~1% and isolation of >20 dB in the quantum region. By adjusting external magnetic field, we can tune the cavity-cavity interaction in-situ between the reciprocal (hybridized) regime and the directional (cascaded) regime. Based on a 4 mode model derived using input output theory, the predicted spectrum of transmission measurements over fields is in good agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, we integrate qubits to our superconducting cavities to explore interactions between the cavities and qubits with varying degrees of non-reciprocity. |
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