Quantum supremacy in driven quantum many-body systems*

A crucial milestone in the field of quantum simulation and computation is to demonstrate that a quantum device can perform certain tasks that are impossible to reproduce by a classical computer with any reasonable resources. Such a demonstration is referred to as quantum supremacy. One of the most important questions is to identify setups that exhibit quantum supremacy and can be implemented with current quantum technology. Here, we show that quantum supremacy can be obtained in generic periodically-driven quantum many-body systems. Our analysis is based on the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and strongly-held conjectures in complexity theory. To illustrate our work, we give examples of simple disordered Ising chains driven by global magnetic fields and Bose-Hubbard chains with modulated hoppings. Our proposal opens the way for a large class of quantum platforms to demonstrate and benchmark quantum supremacy.