Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session B34: Quantum Thermodynamics ILive
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Mohammad Ansari, Forschungszentrum Julich |
Monday, March 15, 2021 11:30AM - 11:42AM Live |
B34.00001: Quantum thermal machines powered by correlated baths Gabriele De Chiara, Mauro Antezza We consider thermal machines powered by locally equilibrium reservoirs that share classical or quantum correlations. The reservoirs are modelled by the so-called collisional model or repeated interactions model. In our framework, two reservoir particles, initially prepared in a thermal state, are correlated through a unitary transformation and afterwards interact locally with the two quantum subsystems which form the working fluid. For a particular class of unitaries, we show how the transformation applied to the reservoir particles affects the amount of heat transferred and the work produced. We then compute the distribution of heat and work when the unitary is chosen randomly, proving that the total swap transformation is the optimal one. Finally, we analyse the performance of the machines in terms of classical and quantum correlations established among the microscopic constituents of the machine. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 11:42AM - 11:54AM Live |
B34.00002: Superconducting-like heat current: Effective cancellation of current-dissipation trade off by quantum coherence Hiroyasu Tajima, Ken Funo Producing a large current typically requires large dissipation, as is the case in electric conduction, where Joule heating is proportional to the square of the current. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 11:54AM - 12:06PM Live |
B34.00003: Geometry of thermal states - thermodynamics of quantum and classical coherence Akira Sone, Sebastian Deffner We discuss fluctuation theorems for the conditional stochastic work within the geometric approach, for both quantum and classical dynamics. In the quantum case, the informational contribution due to the back action of the projective measurement plays an important role in formulation meaningful statements of the second law of thermodynamics. In particular, we discuss the contribution of quantum coherence and its corresponding ergotropy, which demonstrates the succinct relationship between work extraction and coherence distillation within geometric stochastic quantum thermodynamics |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:06PM - 12:18PM Live |
B34.00004: Action Quantum Speed Limits Eoin O'Connor, GIACOMO GUARNIERI, Steve Campbell Quantum speed limits (QSLs) place a lower bound on the evolution time of a quantum system between two states. These bounds are well understood for pure states evolving under unitary dynamics. In the case of non-unitary dynamics and mixed states, there is no general consensus on which bound is the best or even how to properly interpret them. We introduce action QSLs as a family of bounds on the minimal time to connect two states that, unlike the usual geometric approach, crucially depend on how the path is traversed, i.e. on the instantaneous speed. Employing techniques from optimal control theory we demonstrate the attainablitity of these bounds for the case of a thermalizing qubit. In addition, we critically analyze the interpretation of QSLs based on different choices of metric establishing that, in general, these open system QSL times provide an indication of optimality with respect to the geodesic path, rather than necessarily being indicative of an achievable minimal time. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:18PM - 12:30PM Live |
B34.00005: Quantum fluctuations hinder finite-time information erasure near the Landauer limit Harry Miller, GIACOMO GUARNIERI, Mark Mitchison, John Goold Information is physical but information is also processed in finite time. Where computing protocols are concerned, finite-time processing in the quantum regime can dynamically generate coherence. Here we show that this can have significant thermodynamic implications. We demonstrate that quantum coherence generated in the energy eigenbasis of a system undergoing a finite-time information erasure protocol yields rare events with extreme dissipation. These fluctuations are of purely quantum origin. By studying the full statistics of the dissipated heat in the slow driving limit, we prove that coherence provides a non-negative contribution to all statistical cumulants. Using the simple and paradigmatic example of single bit erasure, we show that these extreme dissipation events yield distinct, experimentally distinguishable signatures. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:30PM - 12:42PM Live |
B34.00006: Detecting the origins of quantum heat in a circuit QED system Daniel Szombati, Jeremy Stevens, Nathanael Cottet, Stefan Zeppetzauer, Quentin Ficheux, Sebastien Jezouin, Cyril Elouard, Maria Maffei, Alexia Auffèves, Andrew N Jordan, Audrey Bienfait, Benjamin Huard The field of thermodynamics was born with the intent to convert the kinetic energy of the random velocity of thermalized particles, i.e. heat, into useful work. Using a similar analogy, a central goal of quantum thermodynamics consists in harnessing the randomness of the quantum measurement backaction and converting it into work. A two level system (TLS) with energy separation E brought into superposition, once measured, will randomly collapse into one of its two energy eigenstates, thus resulting in a final state whose energy can vary by E. Energy conservation principles dictate that this energy Ε, gained or lost by the TLS post measurement, must be exchanged with the environment. Due to the spontaneous nature of this energy exchange enabled by the measurement backaction, it is dubbed quantum heat. Here, using a circuit QED transmon system in the dispersive limit, we aim to measure and quantify the origins of quantum heat. Our results pave the way for further quantum thermodynamics experiments, such as a quantum Maxwell's demon functioning as a true quantum heat engine. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:42PM - 12:54PM Live |
B34.00007: Quantum theory of triboelectricity Robert Alicki, Alejandro Jenkins We propose a microphysical theory of the triboelectric effect by which mechanical rubbing separates charges across the interface between two surfaces. Surface electrons are treated as an open system, weakly coupled to two baths, corresponding to the bulk materials. We show that an electromotive force can be irreversibly generated from the motion-induced population inversion of fermions, thus extending and generalizing Zel'dovich's theory of bosonic superradiance. We argue that this is consistent with the basic phenomenology of triboelectrification and triboluminescence as off-equilibrium processes. We also propose a direct experimental test of our predictions that may clarify the longstanding question of the relation between triboelectrification and dry friction. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 12:54PM - 1:06PM Live |
B34.00008: Global vs local bath in superconducting waveguide QED experiments. Aleksei Sharafiev, Mathieu Juan, Desislava Atanasova, Maximilian Zanner, Gerhard Kirchmair Characterizing and controlling the coupling between qubits and environmental degrees of freedom are one of the central problems for engineering quantum systems towards applications. In some cases, the coupling might be useful as in quantum enhanced detecting schemes, or harmful e.g for quantum computation protocols, leading to an additional dephasing as well as excessive qubit population. The coupling of one quantum system to multiple environmental degrees of freedom attracted significant attention during the last years both on theoretical and experimental sides, especially in the field of superconducting quantum circuits. Most of the recent work addresses this problem from the side of cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (cQED), concentrating on individual and/or collective dephasing introduced by resonators dispersively coupled to the qubit. In this work we investigate the problem in the context of 3D waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics (wQED). We show that in a typical experimental situation the environment can be effectively considered as consisting of a global and a local bath. We realize an experimental protocol where we use collective dark and bright states to extract the respective temperatures of the two baths. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:06PM - 1:18PM Live |
B34.00009: Entanglement renormalization of thermofield double states Cheng-Ju Lin, Timothy Hsieh We generalize the multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz [G. Vidal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 220405(2007)] to thermofield double (TFD) states, which are canonical purifications of finite-temperature Gibbs states. This provides both an efficient preparation scheme for TFD states and a way to remove short-range quantum correlations from a Gibbs state, thus unveiling its long-range entanglement structure. As proof of concept, we apply this technique to the two-dimensional toric code model at finite temperature and find an exact renormalization group circuit which connects the finite-temperature toric code model to the infinite temperature state, thus demonstrating the absence of finite temperature topological order for 2d toric code. We also apply it to free boson models at finite temperature and find results consistent with the conventional momentum-space renormalization group procedure in these models. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:18PM - 1:30PM Live |
B34.00010: Quantum chaos and information processing with kicked p-spin models Manuel Munoz, Pablo Poggi, Ivan Deutsch We introduce a family of kicked collective spin models describing an ensemble of spin-1/2 particles with p-body interactions. These constitute a generalization of the quantum kicked top (p=2), a paradigmatic example of a chaotic quantum system. We fully characterize the classical nonlinear dynamics in the thermodynamic limit, including the nature of the transition to global chaos, along with the most relevant signatures of chaos in the quantum regime. Our analysis allows us to classify this family of models, with special emphasis on the differences between the p = 2 and p > 2 cases. These models are further studied in the context of two applications of quantum information processing. First, we explore how these models can be applied to the analysis of Trotter errors in the quantum simulation of dynamical critical phenomena in p-spin models. Second, we analyze how the quantum chaotic properties of these models provide a metrological advantage over the traditional protocol for sensing an external magnetic field. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:30PM - 1:42PM Live |
B34.00011: Cryptography based on Landauer's principle Xavier Coiteux-Roy, Stefan Wolf Quantum cryptography turns to its advantage the apparent pessimism of the no-cloning theorem: It exploits a physical property of information to make communication theoretically secure against adversaries having unbounded computing power. Such overturn has also been realized (to achieve various cryptographic primitives) with other physical restrictions such as bounded storage, noisy channels, and the no-signalling principle of special relativity. We add to the list here the second law of thermodynamics — to which not much glamour has been attached before. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 1:42PM - 2:18PM Live |
B34.00012: Rolf Landauer and Charles H. Bennett Award in Quantum Computing (2020): Realizations with Superconducting Qubits Invited Speaker: Fernando Brandao TBD |
Monday, March 15, 2021 2:18PM - 2:30PM Live |
B34.00013: Role of finite memory in quantum cooling Philip Taranto, Faraj Bakhshinezhad, Philipp Schuettelkopf, Fabien Clivaz, Marcus Huber Quantum technologies require states with high purity—or, in thermodynamic terms, low temperatures. Given finite resources, the Third Law of thermodynamics prohibits perfect cooling; nonetheless, the ultimate cooling limits for a system interacting with quantum machines have been derived for the memoryless (Markovian) setting, where each refrigeration step proceeds independently of those previous. Here, we incorporate memory via a generalized collision model to analyze its role in quantum cooling. We demonstrate exponential enhancement over the memoryless case and derive the optimal protocol. For qubits, our limit coincides with that of heat-bath algorithmic cooling, which our framework generalizes to arbitrary dimensions. |
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