Randomized analog verification for analog quantum simulators and gate-based quantum devices*

We introduce an experimentally-motivated technique for randomized analog verification (RAV) of quantum devices. The technique involves generating random sequences built from the primitive capabilities of the quantum device. For an analog quantum simulator, in which the system is designed to simulate the dynamics of a target Hamiltonian, these sequences are formed of small time steps of subsets of the target Hamiltonian. For gate-based quantum devices, these sequences are formed of gates that are native to the device architecture and that may be continuously-parameterized. In both cases, sequences are approximately compiled such that the system returns nearly to a basis state, allowing for simple measurement of results. We report simulated results of RAV under various types of experimental error sources. We also demonstrate RAV experimentally on physical quantum systems of various architectures.

Ryan Shaffer, Eli Megidish, Joseph Broz, Wei-Ting Chen, and Hartmut Häffner. Practical verification protocols for analog quantum simulators. 2020. arXiv:2003.04500.