Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session A41: Applied Thin Film, Interface, and Surface ScienceLive
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Chair: Daniel Dougherty, North Carolina State University |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:00AM - 8:12AM Not Participating |
A41.00001: Fabrication of Plasmonic Nanoplatforms for Single-molecule Detection and Self-Cooling Nearfield Thermal Emission Device Seong-Soo Choi, Myoung Jin Park, Yong Min Lee, Kyung Jin Kim, Byung Seong Bae, Hyun Tae Kim, Soo Bong Choi The optical emission characteristics from the nano-apertures on the Au nano-plasmonic platform will be reported. Regardless of the nano-aperture type of either circular type or nanoslit type, the spp-mediated optical emission characteristics dependent upon the sample thickness and aperture size are observed. In addition, the spp mediated optical characteristics are observed to be increasing with decreasing the aperture size and to be independent of the nano-aperture shape due to the spp-mediated intraband emission. We are investigating the characteristics for the fabricated nanometer slit array and circular-type aperture array, and the fabricated plasmonic platfoms can be utilized as various applications such as plasmonic sensors and plasmomic self- cooling due to its broad emission spectra from the visible to the infrared regime. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:12AM - 8:24AM Live |
A41.00002: Characterization of the Reflectance Distribution Function of Low Reflectivity Surfaces in the Infrared Region Nicolas Tablett, Luan Doan, James Robert Mahan, Vinh Q Nguyen The reflectance distribution function describes optical properties of opaque materials, particularly the specular, the glossy, and the diffuse Lambertian reflectance. Aeroglaze Z302 absorptive polyurethane paint is the coating of choice for optical instruments. While the material is widely used in many applications, the reflectance as well as performance of the coating surface have not been characterized, especially with the infrared region. Bidirectional reflectance measurements have already been taken at wavelengths of 633, 850, 4500, and 10600 nm. By employing directional scatter analysis to the experimental data, we have provided a simulation for the bidirectional reflectance property of the coating surface. The results provide further information about the possible impact of stray light on the performance of optical instruments. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:24AM - 8:36AM Live |
A41.00003: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Surface Resistivity of Yttrium Stabilized Zirconium as a Thin Film Matthew Melfi, Sarah Tuttle, Stephane Arsharuni, Vincent De Castro, Mehmet Alper Sahiner Solid Oxide Fuel Cells are devices that use electrochemical reactions to convert chemical energy from fuel to electricity. In comparison with coal power plants, a SOFC produces a higher electrical conversion efficiency. However, at higher temperatures (1000°C) it creates a lower ionic conductivity, which limit the SOFC. When lowering the temperature, the ohmic resistance increases. In our research, a YSZ layer will be produced from a fine dimple grain structure allowing high flow of oxygen mobility. This mobility increases ionic conductivity and decrease ohmic loss. The goal of our research is first using computational methods to determine the surface resistivity for the simulated YSZ structures and then use these theoretical results to optimize the experimental film deposition parameters that will lead to minimum surface resistivity in these films YSZ thin film synthesis using pulsed laser deposition leads to minimize ohmic resistance of the films at optimum film thickness. We will use Zr, Al2O3, and Si substrates for the YSZ films, and compare the properties of the YSZ layer. The thin films will be characterized through electrical measurements such as 4-point probe resistivity measurements as well as SEM, SIMS, and XPS for the structural and compositional characterization. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:36AM - 8:48AM Live |
A41.00004: Dynamical theory analysis of X-ray patterns from nanostructured substrates Hadi Rahmaninejad, Guillaume Freychet, Mikhail Zhernenkov, Rana Ashkar Characterization of nanopatterned substrates is critical in many applications across various fields, including optics, electronics, and fluidics. Although direct probing techniques; e.g. AFM and SEM, are incredibly informative, they suffer inaccessibility to beneath-surface structures. On the other hand, neutron/x-ray scattering offers a non-destructive approach for in-depth characterization. The caveat is that scattering methods require non-trivial data modeling. Kinematic approximations have facilitated scattering characterization of non-structured materials but are not adequately suited for strong scattering from periodic structures. In contrast, the dynamical theory (DT) offers an advanced model for interpreting off-specular signals from periodic samples. This model has been validated on substrates with various periodic profiles, measured by neutron scattering. Here, we extend this approach to off-specular x-ray scattering. We improve the DT analysis by advancing a fitting package applying covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy. Our approach yields high efficiency and precision in predicting complex profiles by adopting a Parratt thin-slicing formalism. This opens new possibilities in the characterization of nanostructured substrates for a variety of applications. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 8:48AM - 9:00AM Live |
A41.00005: A Novel Type of Water Desalination Technology Using MoS2-Based Thin Films for Selective Ion Transport. Gabriel Marcus, David Carroll Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a widely studied transition metal dichalcogenide with a range of potential applications including next-generation electronics, hydrogen evolution, and catalysis. It can also be used as a thermoelectric, exploiting the Seebeck effect to generate an electric voltage in response to a temperature gradient. Additionally, lithium-intercalated MoS2 is known to undergo a transition from the 2H to 1T phase. Together, these two properties make this material suitable as a novel desalination technology that relies on selective ion movement. To assess MoS2’s capabilities for ion transport, two types of experiments were conducted. The first set of experiments investigated changes in electric potential resulting from dropwise contact of various salt solutions with an MoS2 membrane. Droplet test data displayed abrupt changes in electric potential followed by an exponential decay representing ion movement over time. A second set of experiments measured ion concentration changes over time using an MoS2 film in contact with separated DI water and salt solutions. Significant changes in solution ion osmolarities were recorded after a duration of one week. Results are promising for future development of thermoelectric desalination, battery and medical technologies. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:00AM - 9:12AM Live |
A41.00006: Surface-Enhanced Nonreciprocal Response in Iron Garnets Sushree Dash, Miguel Levy, Daniel Haskel, Pinaki Mukherjee, Richard A Rosenberg Iron garnets play a significant role in optical isolator devices for telecommunications |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:12AM - 9:24AM Live |
A41.00007: Unveiling Interfacial Properties of Surfactant Assemblies Mimicking Healthy and Diseased States in Lung Membranes Marilyn Porras-Gomez, Cecilia Leal Lipid-protein complexes conform the basis of pulmonary surfactants covering the respiratory surface and mediating gas exchange in lungs, yet how they contribute to alveoli membrane functions in healthy and diseased conditions is not sufficiently understood. Alveolar stability appears to be controlled by the passive elastic properties of the pulmonary tissue as well as the mechanical performance of the surfactant membranes and an unbalance of these is associated with different respiratory dysfunctions and pathologies. Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial lipid overexpressed in mammalian lungs infected by bacterial pneumonia, likely to play a role in alveolar stability. We performed structural and mechanical characterization by GISAXS, AFM and Fast Force Mapping on lipid-based mimicking pulmonary membranes in healthy and diseased states. Our preliminary results unveiled that pulmonary membranes suffer structural transformations induced by cardiolipin and calcium ions. Membrane contacts, or stalks, might induce a significant increase in oxygen gas permeation that can lead to imbalance in alveoli gas exchange. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:24AM - 9:36AM Live |
A41.00008: A revised three-dimensional electron gas model to describe surface plasmonic phenomena Jiantao Kong The long wavelength limit negative slope of the surface plasmon dispersion curve (for simple metals such as alkali) has been experimentally [1] and theoretically [2] studied for a long time. Yet there is no universally accepted theory. On the other hand, the traditional 3D electron gas model such as Lindhard function [3] is successful in explaining many bulk properties, but not much attempt in literature has been made to account for the surface effects. We worked on the traditional 3D electron gas model, modifying the electron self-energy [4] with a correction due solely to surface, and produced the negative slope naturally from simple calculation. In other words, a revised 3D electron gas model can predict and describe surface plasmonic phenomena by itself. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:36AM - 9:48AM Live |
A41.00009: Heating of inhomogeneous electron flow in the hydrodynamic regime: Current-inducedtemperature asymmetry Igor Gornyi, Valentin Kachorovskii, Konstantin Tikhonov, Gu Zhang We study the temperature profile of an inhomogeneous 2D sample in the Hydrodynamic regime. The in-homogeneity is governed by the non-uniform momentum relaxation time of the constricted area. In this paper, we consider a circular-shape constriction where the inhomogeneity decays exponentially from its center. We have observed two features that have not been fully appreciated yet: (i) the asymmetry of the temperature profile ---- although the constriction is itself symmetric, and (ii) A 2D Landauer-dipole feature that is independent of the electron-electron interaction range. The similarity of this feature with that in 3D indicates the universality of Landauer-dipole in Hydrodynamic systems. Our phenomenological study further supports these two features. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 9:48AM - 10:00AM Live |
A41.00010: Modeling and fabrication of a PTE THz mixer on epitaxial graphene JAYAPRAKASH POOJALI, Francois Joint, Kevin Daniels, Kunyi Zhang, Ashraf Ali, Thomas Murphy, Howard Drew The unique hot-electron photo thermo electric properties of graphene make it an ideal platform for terahertz (THz) heterodyne mixers. However, it requires extensive computer modeling and a complex fabrication processes to make it work well. In this work, we describe an accurate computer modeling and optimized fabrication process flow for the mixers on an epitaxial graphene platform. The proposed mixer is capacitively coupled to a twin slot antenna and optimized to resonate at 650 GHz (focused on space-based astronomy). Computer simulation (3D full-wave analysis) provides a consistent operating bandwidth of 100 GHz for the graphene impedances varying from 200 Ω – 2500 Ω. We will also demonstrate the different IF extraction schemes and their impact on antenna performance. Epitaxial grown quasi-free-standing graphene on silicon carbide substrate was used for the device fabrication. Mixer device was fabricated after several steps of standard E-beam lithographic process for metal deposition, graphene etching, and dielectric deposition. We will present the characterization of the IF mixing bandwidth of our heterodyne mixer at various temperatures and the calibration of its sensitivity. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:00AM - 10:12AM Live |
A41.00011: Surface acoustic waves with transverse electric field Zongye Wang Surface acoustic waves, in particular Rayleigh waves near the surface of a piezoelectric material, have attracted a lot of attention lately through their abilities to carry electrons, and to couple strongly with superconducting qubits. Here we report a theoretical study of a previously unexplored surface mode in a piezoelectric material with transverse electric field. In particular, we develop a theory of elastic waves coupled with a general electromagnetic field and find the eigenmodes of the coupled wave. We clarify properties of this surface wave mode, such as its polarization, dispersion, and speed of sound at different propagation directions. While this surface mode cannot be used to carry an electron, it could play an important role when surface acoustic phonons are used as quantum bus to convey information between quantum dots. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:12AM - 10:24AM Live |
A41.00012: The structural impact of sintered and flame-synthesized Li ceramics on ionic conductivity in solid battery electrolytes Ugochukwu Okoli, Xuemei Cui, Kabir Rishi, Ashish Gogia, Eleni Temeche, Richard Laine, Greg Beaucage Ionic conductivity is generally much lower in solid electrolytes as compared to polymer gel electrolytes. For solid electrolytes, dramatic changes in conductivity can occur depending on the method of Li ceramic production. Production of lithium salt is generally done using a ball mill followed by sintering at about 1300°C. This leads to rather coarse, micron-size particles. Flame synthesis has many advantages over methods such as hydrothermal synthesis including: no separation step after synthesis; no need for sintering of the products (spray flames are typically about 2,500°C); rapid, low-cost production of moderate quantities on a lab-scale setup (one kilogram in 4 hours); demonstrated scale-up to pilot plant and industrial production; pristine and well-mixed compositions with low impurity content; absence of surface hydroxyls that could prove reactive to lithium ions; as well as control over particle size, surface area, aggregation, and branch content. In this study, we attempt to explore the structural impact on ionic conductivity in solid electrolytes for both sintered and flame-synthesized Li ceramic particles |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:24AM - 10:36AM Live |
A41.00013: AFM Additive Nanopatterning on Ionic Liquid Monolayer-Decorated Surfaces by Combined Mechanical and Electrical Stimuli Zixuan Li, Filippo Mangolini, Jerzy T. Sadowski, Raluca Bearba, Karalee Jarvis, Oscar Morales-Collazo, Andrei Dolocan, Joan F Brennecke The development of direct-write nanopatterning approaches enabling the accurate and reliable production of nanoscale architecture is critical for exploiting the unique functionalities of materials at reduced length scales. In the last few decades, several atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography techniques, which use a sharp probe to write on a solid surface, have been developed as cost-effective methods for patterning with nanoscale resolution. Common AFM lithography techniques usually exploit the meniscus formed around the tip-substrate contact to dissolve and transfer the reactants for surface patterning. This mechanism can be problematic in large scale production due to the restricted ink capacity, as well as the inconsistency in the transfer process by varying experimental and environmental factors. Here we highlight a new AFM patterning method with which an adsorbed ionic liquid (IL) monolayer on the substrate will be used as the ink material. The unique interfacial properties of ILs combined with electrical and mechanical stimuli can realize nanoscale patterning without the reliance of the meniscus for ink transfer. The chemical nature and physical properties of the deposited material will be evaluated. |
Monday, March 15, 2021 10:36AM - 10:48AM On Demand |
A41.00014: SiGeSn photonics at MIR wavelengths Simone Assali, Mahmoud R. M. Atalla, Anis Attiaoui, Sebastian Koelling, Gérard Tanguy Eric Gnato Daligou, Oussama Moutanabbir Si-compatible photonic and opto-electronic devices operating at MIR wavelengths can now be fabricated using Sn-rich group IV semiconductor SiGeSn alloys, directly grown on a Si substrate. The possibility to independently engineer strain and composition in this new class of semiconductors allows for a high degree of tunability of band structure and lattice parameter of the material, thus enabling a variety of multi-layer heterostructures and low-dimensional systems. In this presentation, the recent progress in the non-equilibrium epitaxial growth of metastable (Si)GeSn semiconductors in a CVD reactor will be discussed.[1-2] Room-temperature Ge0.83Sn0.17 membrane photodetectors operating up to a wavelength of 4.6μm will be demonstrated, which lays the groundwork to implement scalable, flexible, and low-cost sensing and imaging technologies using Sn-rich group IV semiconductors.[3-4] This technology covers the MIR (3-8μm) that is commonly only accessible using expensive InSb and MCT materials. Moreover, the effect of material properties (crystalline quality, composition, point defects, dopants) will be discussed in MIR p-i-n photodetectors and LEDs.[1]S.Assali,Appl.Phys.Lett.251903(2018);[2]S.Assali,J.Appl.Phys.025304(2019);[3]M.Atalla,Adv.Func.Mat(2020);[4]S.Assali,arXiv:2004.13858 |
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