Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2020
Volume 65, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 2–6, 2020; Denver, Colorado
Session W01: Nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and optical devices |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Alicia Kollar, University of Maryland, College Park Room: 103 |
Friday, March 6, 2020 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
W01.00001: Anisotropic Wave Breaking in Highly Nonlinear Thermal Media Giulia Marcucci, Phillip Cala, Weining Man, Davide Pierangeli, Claudio Conti, Zhigang Chen In optics, many phenomena are ruled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), as solitons and dispersive shock waves (DSWs). We report experiments on 2D-optical DSWs with anisotropic singularity in m-cresol/nylon, and provide theoretical description by time asymmetric quantum mechanics (TAQM) [1]. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
W01.00002: Strong-Field Ionization in Bicircular Laser Fields Jan Chaloupka We ordinarily take Einstein's description of the photoelectric effect to mean that atoms can absorb only one photon at a time, thereby prohibiting ionization by weak, low-frequency light. But shortly after the invention of the laser, it was found that under intense illumination, atoms could simultaneously absorb many photons, leading to so-called multiphoton ionization. It was also discovered that a second electron could be liberated with surprising efficiency through a process known as rescattering, where the first electron is driven back to the ion leading to impact double ionization. Since this process relies on trajectories that bring the first electron back to the parent ion, it is most effective with linear polarization and absent with circular polarization. But there has recently been great interest in ionization dynamics driven by intense bicircular light, generated by combining two colors of circularly polarized light. Here we present new results using a classical ensemble approach and utilizing a high-performance computational cluster. We uncover novel patterns in recollision timing, identify classes of complex trajectories that contribute to double ionization, and map various ionization processes onto the resulting transverse electron momentum distributions. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
W01.00003: Decomposition of optical force into gradient and scattering parts Hongxia Zheng, Yikun Jiang, Huajin Chen, Xiao Li, Xinning Yu, Wanli Lu, Jack Ng, Zhifang Lin Based on either mathematics or physics, it is natural to split the optical forces acting on small particles into the conservative gradient force and the nonconservative scattering force. While the former can trap small particles at a potential energy minimum, the latter can push or even pull small particles, thus transporting them. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
W01.00004: Maximal coherence and degree of polarization in linear optical systems Asma Al-Qasimi, Daniel FV James Coherence properties of light are known to change upon propagation in linear optical systems [1-4]. Here, we study coherence properties of classical light using convenient techniques from Matrix Algebra. We apply those techniques, first, to a set up of a Young's Interference Expriment, finding maximal coherence properties, such as those pertaining to polarization and which-path distinguishibility. Second, we find the maximal polarization obtainable of a partially coherent beam propagating in space [5]. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
W01.00005: Generating photon-added states without adding a photon Saurabh Shringarpure, James D Franson Optical Parametric Amplifiers convert pump photons to pairs of signal and idler photons. In this work, we demonstrate that a continuous range of non-classical states, including a displaced number state and photon-added state, can be prepared in the signal when the input idler mode contains a pure single-photon state and the output idler mode is post-selected to be unchanged by the OPA, depending on the gain of the OPA. The ability to continuously tune the gain and hence the non-classical states provide an advantage over a similar approach for conventional beam splitter with fixed reflectivity. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
W01.00006: Limits to Single Photon Detection: Amplification Tzula Propp, Steven J van Enk We have constructed a model of photo detection that is both idealized and realistic enough to calculate the limits and tradeoffs inherent to single photon detector (SPD) figures of merit. This model consists of three parts: transmission [1], amplification [2], and measurement. In this talk, we discuss the effects of signal amplification post-filtering; by first writing correct commutator-preserving transformations for non-linear photon-number amplification (e.g. avalanche photodiode, electron-hole pair creation, electron shelving), we derive alternative noise limits that out- perform the well-known Caves limits for linear amplification of bosonic mode amplitudes and possess no zero-temperature noise contribution to boson number SNR. We then discuss the optimistic implications for single photon detection. Lastly, we briefly discuss the pre-amplification filtering process (transmission) along with the construction of POVMs completely describing photo detectors (measurement), from which we can calculate all standard SPD figures of merit. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
W01.00007: Optical attenuation without absorption Ian Nodurft, Richard A Brewster, Todd Butler Pittman, James D Franson We simulate a coherent state of light passing through an atomic medium. Upon transmission, the atoms’ states are observed and all cases in which any are excited are rejected, and the final output is calculated. Depending on initial amplitude and coupling strength, the output can be attenuated to a greater degree or even amplified when compared to the output where the atoms’ states are ignored. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
W01.00008: A computational design of cylindrically symmetric 2D dielectric grating meta-lens with optical limiting effect based on saturable absorption by FDTD simulation Yuqi Zhao, Hamidreza Chalabi, Edo Waks Meta-surface materials can shape the amplitude and phase with high spatial resolution and exhibit properties not occurring in natural materials, receiving considerable attention nowadays. Many exotic phenomena have been successfully demonstrated in linear optics. However, to meet the growing demand for the integration of more functionalities into a single optoelectronic circuit, the tailorable nonlinear optical properties of meta-surfaces will also need to be exploited. Here, by carefully tailoring meta-atoms' dimensions using FDTD simulation, we manage to design an optical limiting cylindrically symmetric 2D grating meta-lens with GaAs meta-atoms on SiO2 substrate. The nonlinearity based on saturable absorption is obtained by embedding quantum dots inside meta-atoms. Each quantum dot is treated as a two-level quantum system and optical Bloch equations are used for refractive index calculations and meta-lens simulations. Good focusing and optical limiting effect is observed and analyzed. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
W01.00009: Optical pulse propagation in transverse Anderson localization optical fibers Arash Mafi, Cody Bassett, Matthew Tuggle, Mostafa Peysokhan, Esmaeil Mobini, John M Ballato We study the optical pulse propagation in transverse Anderson localization optical fibers (TALOFs). TALOFs are a novel class of optical fibers that guide light, not in a conventional core-cladding setting, but by means of Anderson localization, where any location across the transverse profile of the fiber can be used to guide light. In particular, we investigate the group velocity distribution of guided modes in TALOFs. We observe that the narrowest distribution of group velocities is obtained in the presence of a small amount of disorder; therefore, the modal dispersion of an optical pulse is minimized when there is only a slight disorder in TALOF. Our investigation is primarily aimed at the nonlinear optical properties of TALOFs, but the results can apply to the usage of TALOFs in optical communications as well. We will also discuss other nonlinear behavior of TALOFs, e.g., four-wave-mixing and heralded single-photon generation for quantum information processing. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
W01.00010: Characterization and design of radiation-balanced Yb-doped ZBLAN fiber laser Mostafa Peysokhan, Esmaeil Mobini, Arash Mafi Thermal instability degrades laser beam quality and is a substantial hurdle in the power-scaling of fiber lasers. Radiation balancing is suggested as a viable method for heat mitigation and is based on balancing the anti-stokes fluorescence cooling against conventional sources of heating in a laser. In designing a radiation-balanced fiber laser, characterization plays a vital role. Moreover, for the laser cavity design, one needs to present a viable geometry and select the appropriate pump and signal wavelengths to achieve optimum efficiency while maintaining the radiation-balanced condition. In this study, we introduce a non-constructive and non-contact method for fully characterizing the Yb-doped ZBLAN fiber. We extract such parameters as the parasitic absorption, background absorption, quantum external efficiency, and cooling efficiency for the different pump wavelengths. We also find the optimal pump wavelength for maximum cooling efficiency. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
W01.00011: A synthetic Hall effect creates strong photonic nonreciprocity Christopher Peterson, Wladimir A Benalcazar, Mao Lin, Taylor L Hughes, Gaurav Bahl The ordinary Hall effect is a historically well-known physical phenomenon where a transverse electric field is produced when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to a current. The inverse of this effect, where orthogonal electric and magnetic fields induce an electric current in the E x B direction, is a less well-known but an equally valid application of the same principle. Here, we experimentally realize this combination of effective electric and magnetic fields in a photonic resonator chain through use of synthetic dimensions. We then demonstrate the photonic equivalent of the Hall effect, where the combination of fields creates a “photon current” such that transmission of photons is unidirectionally suppressed. We show that this synthetic Hall effect can induce strongly nonreciprocal transmission, with greater than 58 dB of contrast, when both synthetic fields are tuned to maximize their respective symmetry breaking. This mechanism is general can be applied to break reciprocity in a wide variety of domains, including optical, microwave, and mechanical systems. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
W01.00012: High Harmonic Generation In Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Driven By A Circularly Polarized Incident Field Walter Furman, Linda E Reichl High-order harmonic generation occurs in single-walled carbon nanotubes when a time-periodic field is applied at a large enough intensity to induce significant nonlinearities in the electron current. Regularized delta-function potentials were used to approximate the energy band structure of graphene and nanotubes. Then 10-10 armchair nanotubes were modeled using Floquet-Bloch theory driven by a circularly polarized field propagating parallel to the tube axis. Quasienergy, average energy, and electron current are computed, and the nature of the high harmonic emission spectrum will be discussed. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
W01.00013: Electromagnetically induced transparency without control field in giant atoms Andreas Ask, Yao-Lung L. Fang, Anton Frisk Kockum Quantum interference between different excitation pathways in a three-level system can make an otherwise opaque medium transparent. The transparency window is achieved by turning on a control field, and is therefore named electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Since EIT is accompanied by a drastic change in refractive index, it gives rise to highly non-linear effects, such as slow light. We have investigated the creation of EIT in systems without the need for an explicit control field: two two-level atoms coupled to a waveguide. In particular, these atoms can be giant, i.e., couple to the waveguide at two spatially separated points. By tuning the distance between the two coupling points, a giant atom can decouple from the waveguide, thus forming a dark state, a key component in EIT physics. Since our proposed system does not involve neither an explicit three-level system, nor a control field, the complexity of achieving EIT is drastically reduced. Our proposal can be realized in several experimental setups, e.g., superconducting qubits coupled to microwave photons or surface-acoustic-wave phonons. |
Friday, March 6, 2020 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
W01.00014: Topological Spaser in a Non-uniform Field Rupesh Ghimire, Jhih-Sheng Wu, Vadym Apalkov, Mark I Stockman We propose a nanospaser made of an achiral plasmonic-metal nanodisc and a two-dimensional |
Friday, March 6, 2020 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
W01.00015: Arbitrary optical wave evolution with Fourier transforms and phase masks Victor Jose Lopez Pastor, Jeff Lundeen, Florian Marquardt A large number of applications in classical and quantum photonics require the capability of implementing arbitrary linear unitary transformations on a set of optical modes. In a seminal work by Reck et al. [1] it was shown how to build such multiport universal interferometers with a mesh of beam splitters and phase shifters, and this design became the basis for most experimental implementations in the last decades. However, the design of Reck et al. is difficult to scale up to a large number of modes, which would be required for many applications. Here we present a constructive proof that it is possible to realize a multiport universal interferometer on N modes with a succession of 6N Fourier transforms and 6N+1 phase masks, for any even integer N. Since Fourier transforms and phase masks are routinely implemented in several optical setups and they do not suffer from the scalability issues associated with building extensive meshes of beam splitters, we believe that our design can be useful for many applications in photonics. |
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