Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2020
Volume 65, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 2–6, 2020; Denver, Colorado
Session M07: Superconducting Qubits: Josephson Junction-based Amplifiers and Parametric Devices II |
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Nicolas Roch, Institut Neel Room: 102 |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
M07.00001: Boardband Tunable Phase Shifter for Microwaves Jinli Zhang, Mikko Mottonen, Tianyi Li, Roope Kokkoniemi, Kuan Yen Tan, Chengyu Yan, Wei Liu Recently, we introduced a magnetic-flux-tunable phase shifter for propagating microwaves based on three equidistant SQUIDs operating at a single frequency. Here, we report the the phase tunability with unit transmission in a frequency range from 6 to 6.28 GHz. Tunability at different frequencies suggests accurate and practical control of the phase. Our results offer a promising path to tune the phase of microwave signal in waveguides with magnetic-flux bias in quantum computation and quantum communication applications. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
M07.00002: Phase noise of a Josephson parametric oscillator Gopika Lakshmi Bhai, Shotaro Shirai, Hiroto Mukai, Yu Zhou, Vivishek Sudhir, Jaw-Shen Tsai Josephson parametric amplifiers are acquiring a renewed interest in the quantum information community for implementing single-shot readout, and creating entangled photons and squeezed vacuum states. When these parametric amplifiers are driven above an instability threshold, the average number of coherent output photons increases resulting in parametric oscillation. Here we present the results on the experimental study of the phase diffusion properties of such an oscillator by measuring the phase noise spectrum. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
M07.00003: A Josephson Maser Via Three-Wave Coupling Maria Mucci, Xi Cao, Chenxu Liu, Ryan Kaufman, David Pekker, Michael Jonathan Hatridge In superconducting quantum information systems, we require coherent light to drive quantum elements such as qubits and quantum amplifiers. This is traditionally achieved by filtering hot, room temperature light sources through 60-80dB of increasingly cold attenuators. A cryogenic maser operated in the 5-10GHz range, if it could be controlled without an external microwave drive, would be ideal for such coherent drives. Instead of a three-level atom, we present a joint system of a single qubit and a three-wave mixing resonator, realized in a transmon and SNAIL (Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive eLement), respectively. We take advantage of the SNAIL’s parametric gain process and large engineered loss to rapidly invert the transmon’s population and drive masing in a superconducting cavity. We will present the project’s preliminary experimental results, as well as plans to implement the parametric drive via a dc-biased junction for an all-dc controlled, cryogenic quantum light source. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
M07.00004: Engineered frequency combs in a multimode Josephson network Saeed Khan, Hakan Tureci We investigate the dynamics of a microwave-driven Josephson junction capacitively coupled to an arbitrary multimode linear network. Under specific symmetry conditions, we show that the classical phase diagram simplifies, and may be determined semi-analytically for an arbitrarily large network. The resulting system admits unstable regimes with emergent frequency combs akin to its single mode counterpart [1], with the latter being recently realized in superconducting circuits [2]. The multimode network enables further control over comb properties via its tunable parameters. The coherence of the combs is found to be determined by the intrinsic nonlinearity of the Josephson junction, but is also controllable via network parameters. We also clarify the connection and identify important differences between the network here which consists of a single Kerr nonlinear mode that ultimately delocalizes over the linear network due to the coupling, and standard multimode Kerr combs that have been well-studied in optical systems. The system provides a highly-engineerable platform for frequency comb generation, especially suited to realization within the superconducting circuit architecture. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
M07.00005: Theory of an on-chip Josephson quantum micromaser David Pekker, Chenxu Liu, Maria Mucci, Xi Cao, Michael Jonathan Hatridge Solid-state superconducting qubit systems are one of the most promising systems to achieve quantum computing. One of the shortcomings of this architecture is the lack of an on-chip coherent microwave source. To solve this problem, we explore the feasibility of building a Josephson micromaser powered by tunable superconducting transmon qubit(s) (which serve as an artificial three-level atom). Specifically, we explain how to engineer a system composed of two qubits (one a conventional transmon, the other a transmon with a SNAIL element) to construct an element that behaves like a 3-level atom coupled to a dissipative bath. We construct a master equation description of the maser and estimate its properties, like its coherence time, and their dependence on the pump power, pump noise, cavity widths, etc. Finally, we note that the possibility for highly non-linear devices in the microwave regime allow our maser to generate quantum (i.e. non-Gaussian) light. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
M07.00006: Microwave Isolation through Adiabatic Mode Conversion in Superconducting Coupled Transmission Lines Mahdi Naghiloo, Kaidong Peng, Yufeng Ye, Kevin O'Brien Non-reciprocal devices are essential for isolating superconducting quantum circuits from the noisy electromagnetic environment while allowing measurement and control. For the past decade, ferrite-based circulators and isolators have been predominantly used to protect superconducting quantum circuits, but major limitations associated with large permanent magnets motivate a non-ferrite and scalable solution. Here we discuss a new scheme that utilizes adiabatic mode conversion in coupled nonlinear Josephson junction transmission lines to realize broadband isolation without magnetic elements, allowing integration with current superconducting qubit technology. We report on progress toward implementing this device. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
M07.00007: Design of a Josephson Travelling Wave Photon Detector Yufeng Ye, Kaidong Peng, Mahdi Naghiloo, Kevin O'Brien High-fidelity and wide bandwidth single microwave photon detection remains a challenge for quantum information experiments. Here, we investigate a new design for the Josephson travelling wave photon detector[1,2], a circuit QED based detector which promises high fidelity, non-destructive, and broadband detection of microwave photons. In this design, the broadband detection relies on nonlinear interactions between signal and probe photons in coupled transmission lines. We engineer a cross-Kerr interaction using both quartons and transmons to eliminate self-Kerr and enhance the readout efficiency. By measuring a phase shift on the probe photons, we can deduce the signal photon number with high fidelity. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
M07.00008: Experimental studies of flux solitons in reversible logic gates Liuqi Yu, Waltraut Wustmann, Kevin Osborn Reversible digital logic gates can provide a fundamental advantage in energy efficiency compared to industrial gates which are irreversible. Here we design and measure 1-bit gates implemented in superconducting circuits. The gate consists of Long Josephson junctions (LJJs) connected by a circuit interface. The gate interface includes large shunting capacitors, which is key for the resonant conservative dynamics in the gates. The dynamics of the scattering process, originally discovered in full numerical simulation, is understood using collective coordinate analysis [1,2]. Depending on the interface parameters, the gate dynamics realize different gate operations that may preserve or change the fluxon polarity, as an Identity or NOT gate. The LJJ circuit layout uses niobium trilayer short junctions with connecting wiring for inductors. We plan to experimentally study how well a fluxon can travel ballistically towards the gate, and scatter to another LJJ with the designed change in flux polarity (bit state). |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
M07.00009: Drive-induced renormalization of Kerr nonlinearity in superconducting circuits Alexandru Petrescu, Baptiste Royer, Alexandre Blais Josephson-junction-based amplifiers are now ubiquitously used in high-fidelity qubit readout. In a three-wave mixing parametric amplifier, a cancelation of the Kerr interaction is required. In satisfying this requirement, an important limitation is that available theory does not fully explain the dependence of the Kerr nonlinearity on drive power. We propose a perturbative expansion based on unitary transformations to calculate drive-induced corrections to Kerr interactions, with possible applications to current experiments. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
M07.00010: Observation of the AC Stark shift and idler-resonance in two-tone measurements of a Josephson resonator Fatemeh Fani Sani, Daniel Bothner, Ines C. Rodrigues, Gary Steele We report on the behaviour of a nonlinear Josephson cavity driven by two microwave signals. Using a single tone, the cavity exhibits the expected Duffing response of the device at high powers. For two-tone measurements, we use a strong pump at frequency fp, and simultaneously measure the cavity with a weak probe. For fp > fc (cavity frequency), a Lorentzian response of the cavity is shifted in frequency, corresponding to the AC Stark-shift of the Josephson resonator. For fp < fc, we observe an abrupt jump in the shifted cavity frequency and an additional feature in the probe spectrum with net gain, occurring at a frequency mirrored about fp. We attribute this feature to resonance condition of an idler tone, generated by 4-wave mixing, with the cavity frequency, in good agreement with an analytical theory. Our results provide insight into the physics of the driven nonlinear Josephson cavity, and a starting point for exploring the strongly-driven quantum regime. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
M07.00011: Millimeter-Wave Four-Wave Mixing via Kinetic Inductance for Quantum Devices Alexander Anferov, Aziza Suleymanzade, Andrew Oriani, Jonathan Simon, David I Schuster Millimeter-wave superconducting devices offer transformative opportunities for quantum experiments at temperatures above 1K, allowing higher device power dissipation, integration with semiconductor technologies, as well as new avenues for studying light-matter interactions in the strong coupling regime. Using the intrinsic nonlinearity associated with kinetic inductance of thin film materials, we realize four-wave mixing at millimeter-wave frequencies: a key component for superconducting quantum systems. We report on the performance of low-loss planar resonators around 100 GHz, patterned on high kinetic inductance thin films of niobium nitride grown by atomic layer deposition. With two-tone spectroscopy we explore degenerate parametric conversion at single photon powers, paving the way for a new generation of high-frequency high-temperature quantum experiments. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
M07.00012: Towards the development of a microwave to millimeter-wave quantum frequency converter Kevin Multani, Hubert Stokowski, Jeremy Witmer, Wentao Jiang, Rishi Patel, Nathan Lee, Marek Pechal, Emma Snively, Paul B. Welander, Emilio Nanni, Amir Safavi-Naeini Quantum networks of microwave superconducting qubits may require the conversion of photons from microwave frequency to those of higher energy for transmission over thermal channels. An approach pursued across the field is to use a three-wave mixing nonlinearity to convert microwave photons to optical photons, so that optical fibers can be used as links for long-range connections. However, these systems’ conversion rate is inherently limited by optical-loss-induced heating. We pursue conversion between microwave (1-10 GHz) signals to millimeter-wave (mmWave, 50-300 GHz) signals, which has the potential to increase the conversion rate by nearly nine orders of magnitude and allow transmission with low decoherence over tens of meters. This talk will outline our experimental approach to a microwave-mmWave conversion scheme, where high bandwidth and high rate interconnects can be created at the laboratory scale. We design and implement multi-frequency antennae, with two modes in the mmWave frequency band, and one mode in the microwave frequency band. We will present recent experimental results as well as outlining possible applications in quantum sensing. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
M07.00013: Fractional harmonic instabilities in a quantum driven non-linear oscillator Jayameenakshi Venkatraman, Xu Xiao, Yaxing Zhang, Mazyar Mirrahimi, Luigi Frunzio, Michel H. Devoret The action of drives on non-linear modes to engineer parametric processes is ubiquitous in circuit QED. In this work, we provide a map in parameter space of the instabilities that are created when the ratio of the drive and the mode transition frequencies coincide with rational numbers. With careful engineering of system parameters and knowledge of such a map, once could avoid these instabilities, particularly at large drive-strengths. Our findings are supported by the bifurcation map of the classical analogue of our system where under certain drive conditions there exist a manifold of degenerate steady states that would lead to the quantum heating shown in the first part of the talk. One could also harness this robust degeneracy and exploit it to generate cat-like states which could be used to store and manipulate quantum information. Preliminary experimental results will be shown. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
M07.00014: Dynamical Lamb effect in a superconducting circuit Mirko Amico, Oleg Berman, Roman Kezerashvili The dynamical Lamb effect is predicted to arise in superconducting circuits when the coupling of a superconducting qubit with a resonator is periodically switched “on” and “off” nonadiabatically. We show that by using a superconducting circuit which allows one to switch between longitudinal and transverse coupling of a qubit to a resonator, it is possible to observe the dynamical Lamb effect. The switching between longitudinal and transverse coupling can be achieved by modulating the magnetic flux through the circuit loops. By solving the Schrödinger equation for a qubit coupled to a resonator, we calculate the time evolution of the number of excitations in the qubit and the resonator due to the dynamical Lamb effect. The number of excitations created in the system is maximum when the coupling is periodically switched between longitudinal and transverse using a square-wave or sinusoidal modulation of the magnetic flux with frequency equal to the sum of the average qubit and photon transition frequencies. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
M07.00015: Time-Domain Grating with a Periodically Driven Qutrit Yingying Han, Wenxian Zhang, Franco Nori, Jianqiang You, Xiaoqing Luo, Tiefu Li Physical systems in the time domain may exhibit analogous phenomena in real space, such |
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