Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2020
Volume 65, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 2–6, 2020; Denver, Colorado
Session M02: Optomechanics |
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP Chair: Srivatsan Chakram, University of Chicago Room: 105 |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
M02.00001: Efficient bidirectional piezo-optomechanical transduction between microwave and optical frequency Wentao Jiang, Christopher J Sarabalis, Yanni D Dahmani, Rishi Patel, Felix M Mayor, Timothy McKenna, Raphael Van Laer, Amir Safavi-Naeini Efficient interconversion of both classical and quantum information between microwave and optical frequency is an important engineering challenge. The optomechanical approach with gigahertz-frequency mechanical devices can be extremely efficient due to the large optomechanical response of common materials and wavelength-scale localization of mechanical energy. However, existing demonstrations suffer from combination of low optical quality factor, low electrical-to-mechanical transduction efficiency, and low optomechanical interaction rate. Here we demonstrate an on-chip piezo-optomechanical transducer that systematically addresses all these challenges to achieve nearly three orders of magnitude improvement in conversion efficiency. Our modulator demonstrates acousto-optic modulation with Vπ=0.02 V. We show bidirectional conversion efficiency of 10−5 with 3.3 μW red-detuned optical pump, and 5.5% with 323 μW blue-detuned pump. Further study at mK temperatures is required to understand how the efficiency and added noise are affected by reduced mechanical dissipation, thermal conductivity and capacity. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
M02.00002: Piezoelectric optomechanics in a 3D microwave cavity: A route to microwave to optical transduction Hugh Ramp, Krishna Balram, Kartik A Srinivasan, John Davis Numerous examples of microwave to optical transduction have been demonstrated for optomechanical systems. In most cases, the piezoelectric effect allows for microwave-mechanical coupling either through direct capacitive stimulation or by creating surface acoustic waves using interdigitated capacitors. Here, we inject a microwave signal into a 3D microwave cavity where a GaAs optomechanical crystal has been placed at the electric field maxima. This allows the microwave cavity to stimulate the GHz-frequency mechanical breathing mode in the optomechanical crystal through the piezoelectric effect, which is then read out using the telecom optical mode. The GaAs optomechanical crystal is a good candidate for low-noise microwave to optical transduction, as it has been previously cooled to the mechanical ground state n = 0.7 ± 0.4 phonons in a dilution refrigerator [1]. Moreover, the 3D microwave cavity architecture used in this experiment can be naturally extended to couple to superconducting qubits. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
M02.00003: Fractal-like mechanical resonators with soft-clamped fundamental mode Sergey Fedorov, Alberto Beccari, Nils Johan Engelsen, Mohammadjafar Bereyhi, Robin Groth, Tobias J. Kippenberg Self-similar structures occur naturally and have been employed to engineer exotic physical properties. We show that acoustic modes of a fractal-like system of tensioned strings can display increased mechanical quality factors due to the enhancement of dissipation dilution. We describe a realistic resonator design in which the quality factor of the fundamental mode is enhanced by as much as two orders of magnitude compared to a simple string with the same size and tension. Our findings can open new avenues in force sensing, cavity quantum optomechanics and experiments with suspended test masses. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
M02.00004: Manipulation of geometric nonlinearity to probe nonlinear damping in 2D NEMS Parmeshwar Prasad, Akshay Naik Nonlinearity is inherent in nano mechanical (NEMS) devices. NEMS with high geometric aspect ratio are prone to these nonlinearities. Understanding the role of nonlinearities in the NEMS devices is essential to harvest the maximum benefit from them. In the current work, we probe the nonlinear damping by manipulating the effective Duffing (cubic) nonlinearity using electrical means. We take advantage of tuning of the nonlinearities with strain to minimize the effect of duffing non-linearity thus enabling the study of the effect of nonlinear damping. We use this technique to study the effect of non-linear damping in parametric oscillation regime in 2D material based NEMS resonators. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
M02.00005: Piezo-optomechanics in lithium niobate on silicon-on-insulator for microwave-to-optics conversion Raphael Van Laer, Wentao Jiang, Christopher J Sarabalis, Rishi Patel, Felix M Mayor, Timothy McKenna, Agnetta Cleland, Edward A Wollack, Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola, Jeremy Witmer, Amir Safavi-Naeini Cryogenic microwave qubits are globally pursued to build a compelling quantum technology. Major efforts are underway to scale up these processors, inching closer to useful tasks beyond the reach of classical technology. However, it is currently infeasible to connect the qubits well beyond a single refrigerator, limiting their use outside the laboratory. Microwave-to-optics converters are uniquely placed to tackle this challenge. One of the leading approaches exploits electro-opto-mechanics, but even cutting-edge systems suffer from excessive dissipated energy per qubit that is converted between microwaves and optics. This dissipated energy sets an upper bound on the quantum communication rate in a severely power-constrained cryo-environment. Here, we take first steps to greatly reduce this dissipated energy by combining a strongly piezoelectric material - lithium niobate (LN) - with a leading optomechanics and photonics platform - silicon-on-insulator (SOI). This hybrid LN-on-SOI platform leverages the best properties of both materials. We observe efficient piezo- and opto-mechanical interactions involving tightly confined GHz mechanics, establishing an intriguing path towards low-energy conversion between microwaves and optics. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
M02.00006: Gallium Phosphide as a Piezoelectric Platform for Quantum Optomechanics Robert Stockill, Moritz Forsch, Gregoire Beaudoin, Konstantinos Pantzas, Isabelle Sagnes, Rémy Braive, Simon Groeblacher Piezoelectric materials expand the capabilities of optomechanical devices to include native electromechanical interaction, enabling conversion between microwave-frequency modes and low-loss optical telecom bands. Specifically, the combination of high-cooperativity interfaces and ground-state occupation of the mechanical mode allows for transduction of a quantum state. While cryogenically cooled piezoelectric optomechanical devices have demonstrated sub-phonon occupation [1], absorption induced heating has prevented the observation of non-classical behaviour. Here, we fabricate and operate an on-chip optomechanical device made from gallium phosphide [2], realising high-cooperativity interaction with a long-lived 3-GHz mechanical mode which remains in the ground state. We observe non-classical correlations between state-projecting photons and the confined mechanical mode, establishing GaP as a piezoelectric platform for noise-free quantum-state conversion between microwave and optical carriers. [1] Ramp et al. PRL 123 93603 (2019) Forsch et al. Nat. Phys. (2019) [2] Stockill et al. PRL 123 163602 (2019) |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
M02.00007: Optomechanical Quantum State Tomography Rishi Patel, Timothy McKenna, Zhaoyou Wang, Jeremy Witmer, Wentao Jiang, Edward A Wollack, Christopher J Sarabalis, Pieter-Jan C. Stas, Raphael Van Laer, Amir Safavi-Naeini We generate and characterize heralded quantum states of a mechanical resonator with a single added phonon. Our system consists of an optomechanical crystal cavity operated at about 10 millikelvin. We perform continuous wave sideband asymmetry measurements using single photon counters to calibrate the temperature of a 4 GHz mechanical mode. Photon and phonon pairs are generated using a continuous wave laser blue detuned from the optical cavity resonance. A detected photon at the cavity resonance frequency heralds the addition of a phonon to the mechanical mode; we characterize the generated states by continuously measuring the output cavity field, and performing tomography to determine the Husimi Q function describing the state of the mechanical oscillator. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
M02.00008: Floquet–Lyapunov approach to optomechanical systems Iivari Pietikäinen, Ondrej Cernotik, Radim Filip In optomechanics we are often dealing with squeezing and backaction-evasion schemes that use two-tone driving. In general the time development of this kind of time-dependent Hamiltonian has to be solved from the master equation. Optomechanical system typically have large thermal noise which makes solving the master equation difficult, especially for |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
M02.00009: Optomechanical intermodulation noise Sergey Fedorov, Alberto Beccari, Mohammadjafar Bereyhi, Nils Johan Engelsen, Tobias J. Kippenberg We experimentally investigate the thermal noise properties of a room-temperature, membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical cavity in the regime of nominal quantum cooperativity approaching one. We show that with resonant laser drive, the intra-cavity amplitude noise is dominated by thermal noise up-converted by nonlinear cavity transduction of the laser-cavity detuning. This noise conversion process sets a limitation on the observability of quantum features of the optomechanical interaction, which is not specific to membrane in the middle setups. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
M02.00010: Phonon-Counting Experiments with Superfluid Helium Optomechanics Yogesh Patil, Jiaxin Yu, Sean Frazier, Kale G Johnson, Sébastien Garcia, Konstantin Ott, Jakob Reichel, Jack G E Harris Superfluid Helium is a very good platform for quantum optomechanics owing to its extremely low optical and mechanical losses. In a device consisting of a Fabry-Perot cavity filled with superfluid helium, each acoustic mode of the helium is optomechanically coupled to a single optical mode of the cavity [1]. In previous work we used such a device to measure an acoustic mode's Gaussian quantum fluctuations [2]. Here we describe new measurements in which we have incorporated single-photon detectors (and multiple cascaded optical filters) to record individual sideband photons, each of which is associated with the creation (or annihilation) of a single phonon in the acoustic mode. We will describe the prospects for using this approach to prepare and characterize non-Gaussian states of the acoustic mode. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
M02.00011: Pulsed quantum processing of two mechanical elements Shlomi Kotler, Gabriel Peterson, Florent Lecocq, Katarina Cicak, Raymond W Simmonds, Jose Aumentado, John Teufel High quality mechanical elements have been shown to be a viable candidate for storage of quantum information. To become useful as processing elements, one has to be able to initialize the mechanics to a pure state, generate interactions with other mechanical elements and measure the resulting state with high efficiency. While each of these capabilities has been demonstrated separately, integrating it to a single device requires reconciling the different resulting constraints. Here we design, fabricate and measure a microwave resonator coupled to two separate mechanical resonators (drums). We use spatial addressing as well as frequency and time domain multiplexing to individually address the drums using microwave pulses. This allows us to perform ground state cooling, simultaneous readout and a two-mode coupling gate between the mechanics. Our work is a stepping stone on the path to information processing with multi-mechanical arrays. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
M02.00012: Lifetime and Coherence Measurements of an Optomechanical Quantum Memory Andreas Wallucks, Igor Marinkovic, Bas Hensen, Robert Stockill, Simon Groeblacher Recent experiments have achieved quantum control of so-called nanobeam optomechanical crystals, which possess engineered mechanical resonances in the Gigahertz regime that can be addressed optically from the conventional telecom band. Here we discuss the prospects of such nanobeams with ultra-long lived mechanical modes to act as optical quantum memories. We demonstrate the heralded preparation of a single phonon Fock state which can be stored up to 2 ms while preserving the non-classicality. We further study the coherence of the memory using a superposition state of vacuum with a Fock state and find a quantum coherence time of 15 microseconds. Measurements of the mechanical frequency noise in the classical regime show a clear power dependence, allowing us to reach coherence times exceeding 100 microseconds. The protocol used in these experiments is directly applicable to existing quantum repeater architectures. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
M02.00013: Towards cavity quantum circuit electromechanics with millimiter-sized silicon nitride membranes Sarwan Peiter, Adrain Sanz Mora, Gary Steele Many everyday use appliances consist of hybrid setups, i.e., devices that rely on a close-knit interfacing between different physical elements, each of which can carry out a given task in a complementary way. Interfaces with mechanical membranes and superconducting circuits play an active role in today's research towards a new generation of hybrid devices, the dynamics of which may be prominently ruled by quantum mechanics. Crucial to succesfully harness the quantized dynamics of such devices is their isolation from environmental noise sources. For the millimiter sized membranes we use in our circuits this even requires isolation from the acoustic noise present in the dilution refrigerators wherein they are usually hosted. Based on a systematic characterization of the noisy acoustic signals disturbing our electromechanical circuit we design different methods to suppress them, including an original mass-spring system that enables keeping our device freely suspended inside the fridge. Using these adjustments, and a phononic bandgap shield to minimize acoustic radiation loses of the membrane itself, we prove feasible ground state cooling of the membrane's fundamental mode of vibration. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
M02.00014: Low-temperature diamond optomechanics Jeff Cady, Rishi Patel, Amir Safavi-Naeini, Ania Jayich Diamond mechanical devices have the potential to serve as a hybrid platform for facilitating quantum interactions between photons, phonons, and the spin and orbital degrees of freedom of embedded defect qubits, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, which can couple to mechanical motion via crystal strain. Recent experiments [1,2] have demonstrated hybrid mechanical systems in diamond consisting of nanofabricated mechanical resonators that host coherent NV centers. However, an outstanding challenge to reaching the high-cooperativity regime in these systems, where such applications as phonon-mediated spin-spin interactions and NV-assisted mechanical cooling become realizable, is the demonstration of long-lived, high-strain mechanical modes near their ground state of motion. As a step toward this goal, we design and fabricate single-crystal diamond optomechanical crystals which host GHz-scale mechanical modes with large zero-point strain and characterize them at 6K in a closed-cycle cryostat. We observe optomechanically-driven phonon lasing, optomechanically-induced transparency, and laser cooling of the mechanical motion in these devices. |
Wednesday, March 4, 2020 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
M02.00015: Magnomechanical cross-correlation thermometry Clinton Potts, Victor Bittencourt, Silvia G Viola Kusminskiy, John Davis The development of hybrid quantum technologies has driven a need for low-temperature environments such as dilution refrigerators. In these cryogenic environments, accurate thermometry can be difficult to implement, expensive, and often requires calibration to an external reference. We propose a thermometric measurement of a hybrid system consisting of phonons coupled via the magnetostrictive interaction to magnons within a ferromagnetic sphere. Our approach is based on a cross-correlation measurement which is calibration-free and low temperature compatible. We demonstrate the ability to distinguish thermomechanical motion from the magnon induced back-action. Furthermore, the spectrum of back-action driven motion can be used to scale the thermomechanical motion, providing a direct measurement of the phonon temperature, independent of experimental parameters. |
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