Distinguishing Intrinsic from Extrinsic Effects in Time-resolved Photoemission*

Time- and angle-resolved photoemission is becoming established as a powerful tool for the study of nonequilibrium electron dynamics in quantum materials. With the proliferation of this technique it is important to develop a robust understanding of the method itself. I will discuss how electron dynamics that are intrinsic to the sample can be distinguished from generic electron dynamics that are extrinsic. This includes apparent binding energy shifts due to surface photovoltage, and shifts and broadening due to pump-induced vacuum space charge.