Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2020
Volume 65, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 2–6, 2020; Denver, Colorado
Session F12: Undergraduate Research VIIUndergrad Friendly
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Sponsoring Units: APS/SPS Chair: Matthew Wright, Adelphi University Room: 112 |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
F12.00001: netQuil: A quantum playground for distributed quantum computing simulations Matthew Radzihovsky, Zachary Espinosa NetQuil is an open-source Python framework for quantum networking simulations built on the quantum computing framework pyQuil, by Rigetti Computing. NetQuil is built for testing ideas in quantum network topology and distributed quantum protocol. This platform allows users to create multi-agent networks, connect parties through classical and quantum channels, and introduce realistic noise and device models. NetQuil also makes running multiple trials for non-deterministic experiments, reviewing traffic in real-time, and syncronizing agents based on local and master clocks simple and easy. We provide an overview of the state of distributed quantum protocol, as well as a basic introduction to netQuil's framework. We present several demonstrations of canonical quantum information protocol built using netQuil's distributed quantum gates and pyQuil. We hope netQuil allows users to explore the quantum playground and the possibilities of distributed quantum computing. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
F12.00002: Hardware and Software for Qubit Control Gregory Penn, Alessandro Landra, Rainer Dumke, Michael Lim Quantum computers have the potential to exponentially increase the speed of certain algorithms. Such a quantum information processor is currently under construction at the Centre for Quantum Technology, Singapore. It is based on Josephson-junction qubits, the basic unit of quantum information. A crucial part of this system is the control of the individual qubits and their interaction. We describe the experimental setup for qubit spectroscopy to measure the excitation energy of each qubit. Modular hardware was realized to initialize and read out qubit states using a phase measurement technique. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
F12.00003: Nonlinear Optical Properties of Janus 2D Materials: A First Principles Study Alex Strasser, Hua Wang, Xiaofeng Qian Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have provided a unique materials platform with a variety of interesting optoelectronic properties and great potential for device applications. Janus 2D TMDCs is a new class of 2D materials with lower symmetry. Here we present our first-principles study of nonlinear optical properties in Janus 2D TMDCs. Electronic structures such as linear and nonlinear optical properties were calculated using first-principles density functional theory and analyzed in combination with group theory. The microscopic origin of these nonlinear optical properties of Janus TMDs is elaborated by k-point resolved absorption, shift current, and shift vector. We found that the absence of horizontal mirror plane enables the out-of-plane second harmonic generation (SHG) and other nonlinear optical phenomena, such as shift photocurrent and circular photocurrent. Janus 2D materials, therefore, offer a unique platform for exploring nonlinear optical phenomena and designing configurable layered nonlinear optical materials. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
F12.00004: Reflectance of Graphene Coated Metals: Copper & Nickel Matthew Critchley, Daniel Finkenstadt, Steven Montgomery, Rajratan Basu Accelerator technology often requires the presence of a photocathode electron source. Unfortunately, these materials are often very volatile. In order to improve the lifetime of materials without compromising their quantum efficiency, we look at the optical effects of monolayer graphene coatings on known substances. This project looks at the optical effects a monolayer coating of graphene has on copper and nickel surfaces. We analyze the optical effects via theory by developing an effective dielectric medium model, computation by using Density Functional Theory, and experiment with graphene coated copper samples. In addition, we plan to conduct specular reflection for graphene off nickel. These methods allow us to compare the reflectivity and dielectric constant between pure and graphene coated metals over the visible light spectrum. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
F12.00005: Modeling the Progression of Women in STEM Fields Jessica Jensen, Darrell Valenti, Juliette M Caffrey, Jennifer Pearce Creating a mathematical model to predict participation in STEM fields would allow social scientists to quantitatively examine their theories, as well as provide a multitude of simulated populations to explore. Furthermore, these models can be used to predict the result of interactions between populations. One model that simulates the progression of women through male-dominated academic fields explores the idea of homophily between women as the driving force for their advancement. We propose an alternate model that simulates the progression of women in these male-dominated fields as a predator-prey type system. We believe that such a model more effectively describes the population dynamics. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
F12.00006: Deep Learning for Engineering Problems ANANYANANDA DASARI, Deepak Somasundaram, Vishal V.R. Nandigana In this paper, we propose a data driven deep learning model to solve transport phenomenon without incorporating physics based PDEs. Here, a deep Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is used to solve a general 2D heat conduction phenomenon. The problem is solved for square and circular geometries. The model is trained on 1670 cases for square domain and 3000 cases for circular domain. The cases include both Dirichlet boundary conditions and Neumann boundary conditions. The model was then tested on 610 cases for square geometry and 1000 cases for circular geometry. Our proposed RNN-LSTM model shows a 3-order speed up in computational time compared to conventional finite difference method. Moreover, the predicted solution shows 99.9% accuracy. Also, our proposed model can easily be generalized and extended for other transport phenomenon problems, both linear and nonlinear. We test this by considering a simple nonlinear advection-conduction phenomenon. We believe the RNN-LSTM deep learning method has the ability to predict transport phenomenon in applications like aerospace, automobile, semiconductor and thermal management domains like electronic cooling applications, without incorporating physics based PDEs. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
F12.00007: The phenomenon of nonlinear coupling in an asymmetric pendulum Qiuhan Jia, Yao Luo We investigate the nonlinear effect of a pendulum with the upper end fixed to an elastic rod which is only allowed to vibrate horizontally. The pendulum will start rotating while oscillating without initial angular momentum. We explain it as amplitude and phase modulation due to nonlinear coupling between the two dimensions. We build the theoretical model and obtain the pendulum's equations of motion. The pendulum's motion patterns are solved numerically and analytically using the method of multiple scales. In the analytical solution, the conversion period not only depends on the dynamical parameters, but also on the pendulum's initial releasing positions, which is a typical nonlinear behavior. The analytical approximate solutions are consistent with numerical solutions with good accuracy. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
F12.00008: Individual and Collective Transient Behavior near Daido's Aging Transition Austin Howard, David Mertens We report on individual and collective behavior of an ensemble of electronic oscillators near the Daido aging transition. Work by Diado and others indicate that the collective response in an aging transition of identical oscillators should possess dynamics that are nearly identical to that of the individuals. Theoretical calculations for our oscillators predict a Hopf transition, which we have confirmed with measurements of individual transient behavior. However, it was previously reported that the collective behavior of these oscillators near the aging transition exhibited an intriguing discontinuity, seemingly contradicting the above conjecture. It turns out that this seeming contradiction arose from a high sensetivity to the system bifurcation value. We will explore the boundaries of Daido's hypothesis and examine how variation in non-bifurcation parameters across the population lead to collective behavior that differs from that of an individual oscillator. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
F12.00009: A Theoretical Study of Chaos in Higher Dimensions Jose Pacheco, Ajit Hira, David Nunn, Arrick Gonzales, RamKrishna Khalsa, Ruben Rivera We use the computational tools available to us to explore the possibility of creating chaos in four dimensions and in higher dimensions. Even basic physics leads to unexpected results, when we go beyond 3-dimensional space. In four dimensions, we can create Klein bottles, can tape the edges of two Möbius strips together, and can invent sailing knots of stunning complexities: all of the knots that work in 3 dimensions will fall apart in higher dimensions. Our calculations for gravitational force reveal that the force drops as 1/(RD – 1) , where D is the dimension and R is the distance between the interacting objects. We first review generalizations of the Li and Yorke definition of chaos to difference equations in Rn, and the higher dimensional conditions leading to the existence of chaos. Then we consider many 3-D, 4-D, 5-D, and 6-D Generalized Henon Maps (GHMs). We look for fixed points that are locally stable. We find that for many values of the parameter α, chaotic behavior exists in dimensions D = 4, 5 and 6. We also discuss the possibility of uncovering the existence of some of the higher dimensions, by delineating the 3-D projections of chaotic behavior from higher dimensions. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
F12.00010: Fractional derivative of composite functions: exact results and physical applications Gavril Shchedrin, Nathan C Smith, Anastasia Gladkina, Joshua Lewis, Joel Been, Lincoln Carr We examine the fractional derivative of composite functions and present a generalization of the product and chain rules for the Caputo fractional derivative. We derive the product rule with the expression of the Caputo fractional derivative as an infinite expansion of integer order derivatives and the chain rule as a generalization of di Bruno's formula. Unlike the Leibniz and di Bruno formulae that characterize an integer-order derivative of a product of functions and composite functions, respectively, and which result in a finite series of lower order derivatives, the fractional analogs of these formulae produce an infinite series of fractional derivatives of the constituent functions. These results are important for a comprehensive description of transport phenomena through multiscale physical systems and biological structures, e.g., porous materials, disordered media, and neuron clusters. We demonstrate the utility of these results by the evaluation of the Caputo fractional derivative of hyperbolic tangent and suggest that the application of the derived chain and product rules to elementary functions, whose Caputo fractional derivative is expressible as a generalized hypergeometric function, leads to an infinite series of generalized hypergeometric functions. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
F12.00011: Why Polygons are Mostly Pointless John Christensen, Jeremy Jorgensen, Gus Hart When performing materials calculations, one of the most computationally expensive calculations is performing an integral of the electronic band structure of a material. For reasons explained in the talk, integration techniques that rely on non-uniform sampling cannot utilize the full symmetry of the system. To ensure optimal symmetry reduction, calculations should be performed in the symmetrically irreducible Brillouin zone (IBZ). We present an algorithm for finding the IBZ for an arbitrary lattice. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
F12.00012: Transform as a vector? Tying functional parity with rotation angle of coordinate axes Sayak Bhattacharjee A vector is defined as a quantity which remains unchanged under a rotation of coordinate axes. This definition is associated with the phrase 'transform as a vector'; however, students are frequently confused about the meaning of the phrase and seldom realize its significance. To remedy this, an exposition to this definition is pursued. As a central notion, quantities (triplets) of the form C ≡ (Φ(x), Φ(y), Φ(z)) (where x, y and z are coordinate points and Φ is a real valued function) are investigated using the definition. This novel approach employs elementary mathematics to determine possible value(s) of rotation of axes angle θ at which C may transform as a vector, even if it does not for all θ. A notable correspondence between the parity of function and rotation angle(s) is observed. The analysis, initially carried out in an orthogonal coordinate system, is subsequently generalized for skew coordinate systems. This work was accepted for publication in the European Journal of Physics in October 2019 [1]. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
F12.00013: Expansion of fractional derivatives in terms of an integer derivative series: physical and numerical applications Anastasia Gladkina, Gavril Shchedrin, U. Al Khawaja, Joel Been, Joshua Lewis, Lincoln Carr We use the displacement operator to derive an infinite series of integer derivatives for the Grünwald-Letnikov fractional derivative and demonstrate that the infinite series of integer order derivatives is the same for Grünwald-Letnikov, Riemann-Liouville, and Caputo fractional derivatives. With the first few terms of the infinite series, we find that for functions with a finite radius of convergence of their Taylor series, the corresponding integer derivative expansion has by an infinite radius of convergence. Specifically, we demonstrate a robust convergence of integer derivative expansion for the hyperbolic secant and tangent functions, characterized by a finite radius of convergence of the Taylor series R=pi/2. Moreover, for a plane wave with an infinite radius of convergence, we show the truncation error decreases as the number of terms in the expansion increases. We find that our numerical results closely approximates the exact solutions given by the Mittag-Leffler and Fox-Wright functions. Thus, we demonstrate that the truncated expansion is a powerful method for solving linear fractional differential equations. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
F12.00014: Nonlinear tuning curves of a tuning fork Lintao Xiao, Qiuhan Jia, Chenyu Bao Cantilever beams of a tuning fork have both hardening and softening oscillation modes. Yet, teaching experiments concerning tuning forks usually only demonstrate their linear resonance. In this work, we introduce a simple experiment that can be used to measure the nonlinear tuning curve of a regular tuning fork. Using double-grating Doppler interferometry, our measurement accuracy reaches tens of micron. With this experimental setup, we observed typical nonlinear phenomena of the tuning fork such as the bent tuning curve and "jump phenomena". Our experiment is inexpensive and easy to operate, so it can readily be used as a lecture demonstration for undergraduate students. |
Tuesday, March 3, 2020 10:48AM - 11:00AM |
F12.00015: Anti-Cancer targeting and treatment using nanocarriers based drug delivery system Pragati Gupta Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and recurring disease. Main problems associated with anti-cancer drugs is that it targets healthy cells along with cancer cells. Others include multidrug resistance, poor water solubility. Even small drug molecules get eliminated by the liver and kidneys. Cancer drugs need to have higher activity and selectivity and be non-toxic to healthy cells. Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy and they provide a great alternative for the classical drug delivery techniques. The reasons being improved drug tolerability, efficacy, decreased toxicities, enhanced solubility, stability and controlled release. Advances in protein engineering and material science have contributed to novel nanoscale targeting approaches that bring new hope to cancer patients. However, to date, there are only a few clinically approved nanocarriers that incorporate molecules to selectively bind and target cancer cells. This review examines some of the advanced formulations and discusses the challenges in translating basic research to the clinic and emphasizing the challenges in cancer treatment |
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