Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2019
Volume 64, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 4–8, 2019; Boston, Massachusetts
Session X29: Hybrid Systems: Optomechanics and Microwave-Optical TransductionFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: John Teufel, NIST - Boulder Room: BCEC 162A |
Friday, March 8, 2019 8:00AM - 8:12AM |
X29.00001: Heralded Scheme for Entangling Microwave-optical Modes in Cavity Piezo-optomechanics Xu Han, Changchun Zhong, Mengzhen Zhang, Chang-Ling Zou, Wei Fu, Mingrui Xu, Zhixin Wang, Shyam Shankar, Michel H. Devoret, Hong X Tang, Liang Jiang Quantum state transfer between microwave and optical frequencies is important in the development of modular quantum computation. Most schemes to realize such a hybrid interface are based on direct quantum transduction, which, nevertheless, has to full stringent requirements such as high conversion efficiency and low added noise. Despite all the recent remarkable efforts, in practice, building a direct microwave-optical quantum transducer still remains a challenge. A possible way out is to generate entanglement between the two modes and use it as a resource for microwave-optical modes transfer through teleportation. In this work, we propose a heralded scheme to entangle microwave and optical modes via parametric down conversion in a generic cavity piezo-optomechanical system. By post-selecting a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, entangled microwave-optical photon pairs can be generated. The entanglement is verified by the Bell inequality violation for a wide range of feasible parameters, showing the potential of the entangled source for realizing quantum state transfer between microwave and optical frequencies. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 8:12AM - 8:24AM |
X29.00002: Heralded Scheme for Entangling Microwave-optical Modes in Cavity Piezo-optomechanics Changchun Zhong, Xu Han, Zhixin Wang, Mengzhen Zhang, Chang-Ling Zou, Wei Fu, Mingrui Xu, Shyam Shankar, Michel H. Devoret, Hong X Tang, Liang Jiang Quantum state transfer between microwave and optical frequencies is important in the development of modular quantum computation. Most schemes to realize such a hybrid interface are based on direct quantum transduction, which, nevertheless, has to full stringent requirements such as high conversion efficiency and low added noise. Despite all the recent remarkable efforts, in practice, building a direct microwave-optical quantum transducer still remains a challenge. A possible way out is to generate entanglement between the two modes and use it as a resource for microwave-optical modes transfer through teleportation. In this work, we propose a heralded scheme to entangle microwave and optical modes via parametric down conversion in a generic cavity piezo-optomechanical system. By post-selecting a two-mode squeezed vacuum state, entangled microwave-optical photon pairs can be generated. The entanglement is verified by the Bell inequality violation for a wide range of feasible parameters, showing the potential of the entangled source for realizing quantum state transfer between microwave and optical frequencies. We will analyze the impact of thermal noises and dark counts on the entanglement verification. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 8:24AM - 8:36AM |
X29.00003: An Optomechanical Transducer for Quantum State Transfer Between Infrared Light and Microwave. Part I: Fabrication Ming-Han Chou, Gregory A Peairs, Rhys G Povey, Kevin Satzinger, Audrey Bienfait, Hung-Shen Chang, Christopher Conner, Etienne Dumur, Joel Grebel, Youpeng Zhong, Andrew N Cleland Optomechanical systems provide a very interesting approach to frequency conversion between the microwave and optical domains, and in particular could provide a means to couple superconducting qubits to infrared telecommunications-wavelength signals. This capability would provide a compelling means to long-distance quantum communication. In this talk, we will describe our fabrication process, which includes how we combine an aluminum nitride-based interdigital transducer (IDT) with a silicon-based one-dimensional optomechanical resonator, using a multi-layer process combining thin-film deposition and etching with patterning provided by a combination of optical and electron-beam lithography. At the end of the process, the structures are suspended in order to have desired frequency conversion. This combination of materials and design promises the necessary optomechanical and electromechanical coupling rates that would allow us to efficiently convert signals between infrared light and microwave electrical signals. With suitable operation at low temperatures, these devices could serve to couple superconducting qubits to infrared light in a quantum-coherent fashion. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
X29.00004: An Optomechanical Transducer for Quantum State Transfer Between Infrared Light and Microwave. Part II: Measurement Results Gregory A Peairs, Ming-Han Chou, Rhys G Povey, Kevin Satzinger, Audrey Bienfait, Hung-Shen Chang, Christopher Conner, Etienne Dumur, Joel Grebel, Youpeng Zhong, Andrew N Cleland Optomechanical systems provide a very interesting approach to frequency conversion between the microwave and optical domains, and in particular could provide a means to couple superconducting qubits to infrared telecommunications-wavelength signals. This capability would provide a compelling means to long-distance quantum communication. We have combined an aluminum nitride-based interdigital transducer (IDT) with a silicon-based one-dimensional optomechanical resonator, which together promise the necessary optomechanical and electromechanical coupling rates that would allow us to efficiently convert signals between infrared light and microwave electrical signals. We will present recent results using this device, including characterization of the electromechanical and optomechanical elements as well as classical operation using continuous-wave and time-domain signals. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
X29.00005: Two dimensional optomechanical crystal designs for microwave-optical transduction Rhys G Povey, Ming-Han Chou, Gregory A Peairs, Audrey Bienfait, Hung-Shen Chang, Christopher Conner, Etienne Dumur, Joel Grebel, Youpeng Zhong, Andrew N Cleland Conversion between microwave and optical frequencies via transduction with optomechanical devices is a topic of significant current interest, particularly for applications in quantum communication [1-3]. This process requires cooling the microwave-frequency mechanical resonator to the ground state, typically at mK temperatures. One dimensional optomechanical crystals have been operated in the quantum limit [4], but are limited by laser heating. Two dimensional structures may afford better thermal performance with only a minor reduction in optomechanical coupling strength. In this talk I will discuss ongoing efforts towards a two dimensional optomechanical crystal and cavity design, whilst using piezoelectric materials to convert microwave electrical signals to mechanical motion. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
X29.00006: Microwave-mechanical-optical transducer chip design innovations for noise mitigation Peter Burns, Benjamin Brubaker, Maxwell Urmey, Sarang Mittal, Andrew P Higginbotham, Cindy A Regal, Konrad Lehnert
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Friday, March 8, 2019 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
X29.00007: Low temperature measurement of SiGe properties for superconducting quantum circuits Martin Sandberg, Markus Brink, Vivekananda Adiga, José Chavez-Garcia, Jerry M. Chow, Hanhee Paik, Jason Orcutt Superconducting circuits is a promising technology for building a scalable quantum computer. One of the shortcomings of this technology is that there is at the moment no technology available to transport quantum information in and out of the cryogenic environment that the circuit operates in. In order to transfer quantum information from the chip out to a room temperature environment the signal has to be converted from single microwave photons to something that will not be awash by the thermal noise at 300K. Lately there has been several proposals for how to enable such conversion using microwave to optical transducer. One approach is to exploit the electro-optical effect in strained SiGe. SiGe is a mature technology for on chip optics but is not well explored for superconducting circuits. We have fabricated quantum circuits in the form of transmon style quantum bits (qubits) on a substrate containing SiGe with a thin buffer layer of epitaxial Si. We find that that the introduction of SiGe in the substrate stack does not degrade the coherence properties of the transmon qubit. From the coherence measurements we are able to extract bounds for the loss tangent of SiGe at millikelvin temperatures. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
X29.00008: Circuit cavity optomechanics approaching the ultrastrong coupling regime Gabriel Peterson, Shlomi Kotler, Florent Lecocq, X. Y. Jin, Katarina Cicak, Raymond Simmonds, Jose Aumentado, John Teufel Many of the recent advances in quantum control and measurement of cavity optomechanical systems were enabled by the ability to reach the strong coupling regime, where the parametrically-enhanced optomechanical coupling rate is larger than any decoherence rate in the system. Ideally, the coupling could be further increased to the ultrastrong regime, where it approaches or exceeds the mechanical resonance frequency. In this talk, I will present experimental progress on a new architecture for cavity optomechanics where a mechanically compliant vacuum-gap capacitor resonates with a 3-dimensional microwave cavity. Compared to the planar superconducting microwave resonators used in previous experiments, the cavity resonator provides a similar vacuum coupling rate but superior power handling capability, allowing us to achieve driven optomechanical coupling rates improved by an order of magnitude over previous results. This architecture for microwave cavity optomechanics could therefore enable a new generation of experiments in the ultra-strong coupling regime. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
X29.00009: Generation of nonclassical states using quantum emitters in the metal-dielectric surface Karun Mehta, Shubhrangshu Dasgupta We show that it is possible to generate optical photons in nonclassical states from a metal-dielectric interface using quantum emitters on the interface. The photons thus emitted into the surface plasmon (SP) mode from the initially excited emitters radiate out in free space in a cone-shaped geometry. When detected at two detectors, they exhibit anti-coalescence, a clear signature of nonclassicality. This also indicates that the photons are prepared in the path-entangled N00N-like states. These photons can be used for long-distance communication through free space or fiber. This technique is further scalable to a large number of photons. Such a system can therefore be employed as a building block for a distributed quantum network. We emphasize that our setup is different from the previously reported works in which the emitters get coupled to either propagating SP mode in a nanowire or the guided mode of a nanofiber, instead of the propagating SP mode on the interface. We find that the transmission probability of the photons into the free space is close to 0.7 from a silver-air interface, and therefore it is indeed feasible to implement our model using available technology. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
X29.00010: A three-dimensional optomechanical system for experiments in the quantum limit Bindu Malini Gunupudi, Soumya Ranjan Das, Rohit Navarathna, Sudhir Kumar Sahu, Sourav Majumder, Vibhor Singh At low temperatures, microwave cavities are often preferred for the readout and control of a variety of systems. In this work, we present design and measurements of two independent mechanical resonator device coupled to a 3-dimensional rectangular waveguide cavity. We show that with a suitable modification to the electromagnetic field corresponding to the fundamental mode of the cavity, achieved by coupling a mechanical resonator, the circuit parasitic capacitance can be reduced significantly to as low as 13.7 fF. We perform measurements in the optomechanically-induced absorption (OMIA) regime on both the mechanical resonators, and demonstrate a single photon coupling strength of 12.5 Hz and a cooperativity of 40 for each mode. In addition, utilizing a low-impedance environment between the two-halves of the cavity, our design has the flexibility of incorporating a DC bias across the mechanical resonator which is often a desired feature in tunable optomechanical devices. With further improvements in device parameters, this system has the potential to reach the strong-coupling regime, enabling a wide range of quantum optomechanical experiments. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
X29.00011: Study of coherent microwave-to-optical transduction using on-chip rare-earth ion devices John Bartholomew, Jake Rochman, Jonathan Kindem, Andrei Ruskuc, Andrei Faraon Quantum transducers will allow application-specific quantum hardware to accelerate the realization of large scale networks of entangled qubits. Rare-earth ions (REIs) in transparent crystals are one system suited to the development of quantum transducer technologies because of their ability to transfer entanglement between their highly coherent optical, electron-spin, and nuclear spin transitions. To harness this appeal, it is important to realize an integrated, on-chip architecture for REI quantum technologies to facilitate network connectivity with other quantum systems. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
X29.00012: Towards on-chip cavity-enhanced microwave to optical conversion using erbium doped crystals Jake Rochman, John Bartholomew, Ioana Craiciu, Chuting Wang, Tian Xie, Jonathan Kindem, Keith Schwab, Andrei Faraon Generating remote entanglement between distant superconducting circuits via optical photons represents a crucial milestone towards the development of future quantum networks. Ensembles of rare-earth ions (REIs) coupled to optical and microwave cavities offer a promising architecture to achieve bidirectional coherent microwave to optical conversion by harnessing the strong coupling of REI ensembles to microwave and optical fields. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
X29.00013: Photon super-bunching from a generic tunnel junction Christopher Leon, Anna Roslawska, Abhishek Grewal, Olle Gunnarsson, Klaus Kuhnke, Klaus Kern Generating correlated photon pairs at the nanoscale is a prerequisite to creating highly integrated optoelectronic circuits that perform quantum computing tasks based on heralded single-photons. Here we demonstrate fulfilling this requirement with a generic tip-surface metal junction. When the junction is luminescing under DC bias, inelastic tunneling events of single electrons produce a stream of visible photons of plasmonic origin whose super-bunching index is 17 when measured with a 53 picosecond instrumental resolution limit. The effect is electrically rather than optically driven – absent are pulsed lasers, down-conversions, and four-wave mixing schemes. This discovery has immediate and profound implications for quantum optics and cryptography, notwithstanding its fundamental importance to basic science and its ushering in of heralded photon experiments on the nanometer scale. |
Friday, March 8, 2019 10:36AM - 10:48AM |
X29.00014: Reliable characterization for improving and validating accurate elementary quantum operations Takanori Sugiyama, Shinpei Imori, Fuyuhiko Tanaka A reliable method for characterizing elementary quantum operations that is suitable for improving and validating their accuracies is indispensable for realizing a practical quantum computer. Current standard methods, e.g., randomized benchmarking, quantum tomography, and gate-set tomography, are not sufficient because they lack reliability or are not suitable for the improvement and validation. A new characterization method, called regularized self-consistent quantum tomography (RSCQT), is an attractive alternative and has superior properties such as (i) the high reliability guaranteed by the asymptotic convergence of predicted probability distributions to the true probability distributions, (ii) applicability of the estimates to conventional validation protocols, and (iii) availability of detailed information of errors on the operations. Here we derive the asymptotic convergence rate, which would be optimal, and show numerical results on 1-qubit system, which confirm the theoretical results and prove that RSCQT is useful in practice. |
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