Multi-responsive polymeric microstructures with encoded pre-determined and self-regulated deformability*

Dynamic functions of biological systems often rely on arrays of actively deformable microstructures undergoing a huge range of pre-determined and self-regulated reconfigurations and motions. Here, we introduce stimuli-responsive microstructures based on liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) that display a broad range of hierarchical, even mechanically-unfavored deformation behaviors. Using patterned magnetic fields during polymerization, we encode any desired uniform mesogen orientation into the resulting LCE microstructures, which is read-out upon heating above the nematic-isotropic transition as a prescribed deformation. By further introducing light-responsive moieties, we demonstrate multi-functionality of the LCEs with three actuation modes controlled by different external stimuli. We finally create patterned arrays of microstructures with encoded area-specific deformation modes and show their functions in responsive release of cargo, image concealment, and light-controlled reflectivity. We foresee that this platform can be widely applied in soft robotics and smart buildings.