Tumor Printing in Microgels

Most of the current understanding of cellular functions comes from research performed in 2D. While 2D studies have led to important pharmacological discoveries, it is important to understand that within the body cancer cells grow in a 3D context. Mouse models are a powerful method for drug screening but widespread use is hindered by high cost, long engraftment periods, and low engraftment rates. Developing 3D culture methods will bring greater understanding of the effects of drugs in a more relevant manner and can effectively bridge the gap between the patient and the dish. While promising, drawbacks of many current 3D culture methods include: the challenge to control size and shape, the requirement for large cell numbers, and the inability for all cell types to aggregate on their own. To alleviate these limitations, jammed granular microgels are used as support baths, allowing 3D printing of cancer cells and observation of interactions in 3D. This method enables mass culture of tumoroids, and provides an opportunity for co-culture and in vitro imaging. With the precise control offered by the 3D printer, arrays of identical shapes can be produced in a variety of sizes and geometries. These shapes can be removed from the microgel for histological sectioning and biochemical assays.