Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2018
Volume 63, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2018; Los Angeles, California
Session S59: Super Resolution Microscopy and Lithography of PolymersInvited Session
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Sponsoring Units: DPOLY DBIO Chair: Chaitanya Ullal, Muzhou Wang, Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Northwestern University Room: LACC Petree Hall D |
Thursday, March 8, 2018 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
S59.00001: Nanoscale structure and deformation in soft materials revealed by single-molecule localization and orientation Invited Speaker: James Liddle Fluorescent dyes have enabled dramatic advances in the life sciences, where protein-specific labeling enables structure/function correlations to be made. In addition, the ability to engineer fluorescent dye lifetimes to respond to e.g., viscosity, pH, and oxygen, or Ca2+ concentration, makes them powerful probes of dynamic phenomena. The advent of single-molecule super-resolution methods has served to extend this powerful technique to the nanoscale. However, the use of single-molecule fluorescence imaging methods in materials science has been slower to develop. One principal reason for this is that, in materials, fluorophore orientation is often fixed. Single-molecule images therefore have a complex, orientation-dependent structure, that, if not correctly accounted for, can lead to large errors in localization. More sophisticated approaches to fitting single-molecule images can provide not only accurate localization data, but also information on the orientation of individual fluorophores. I will discuss our progress in making accurate and precise measurements of fluorophore position and orientation in materials to enable high-resolution imaging, our development of a straightforward approach to determine how localization uncertainty and fluorophore labeling density together limit our ability to resolve nanoscale structures, how lithographic patterning enables us to partially overcome that limit, and how single-molecule orientation measurements can provide information on deformation in polymers at the 10 nm length scale. Finally, I will speculate on how measurement of single-molecule fluorescence lifetimes might provide information on local polymer dynamics in complex systems. |
Thursday, March 8, 2018 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
S59.00002: Superresolved fluorescence microscopy of soft matter: from the development of novel photoswitches to the visualization of compartmentalized microgels Invited Speaker: Dominik Woell The elucidation of the structure of nano-compartmentalized soft matter systems, such as microgels (nanogels) or block copolymer assemblies is challenging since they do not possess strong contrast for electron microscopy, and since classical fluorescence microscopy fails due to the fact that their structures are significantly smaller than the diffraction limit of optical light. However, modern superresolved fluorescence microscopy methods such as dSTORM (direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) reach resolutions down to typically 10-30 nm and, therefore, are highly suited to fill this gap of structural in situ imaging. Many concepts and dye classes can be readily transferred from the experience of biological or medical superresolution imaging. The fact that synthetic soft matter systems are often non-aqueous and apolar, however, creates challenges that have to be overcome. |
Thursday, March 8, 2018 12:27PM - 1:03PM |
S59.00003: Studying Nanoscale Dynamics with Super-Resolved Microscopy Invited Speaker: John King Over recent years super-resolved microscopy has been increasingly applied to soft materials, a loosely defined field that encompasses synthetic and biological polymers, membranes, surfactants, polymer films, and colloid particles, to name a few. The common thread that ties these systems together is the complexity of the underlying physics: drastic macroscopic responses to subtle environmental changes, non-Newtonian dynamics, and a labyrinth of length and timescales that contribute to the observed behavior. Super-resolution microscopy can provide unique point-of-view into the world of synthetic polymers, thin films, and interfaces by accessing the very spatial and temporal dimensions that are most relevant. The talk will be aimed at demonstrating the potential of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy in soft materials with examples from classic polymer physics. |
Thursday, March 8, 2018 1:03PM - 1:39PM |
S59.00004: Multicolor superresolved lithography Invited Speaker: John Fourkas In the quest to extend Moore's Law, the semiconductor industry has planned to pattern photoresists using soft X-rays (which is known as extreme ultraviolet lithography). However, this strategy faces many challenges. Another approach takes its inspiration from recent advances in superresolved optical microscopy, using two or more colors of visible, near-infrared, or near-ultraviolet light to achieve superresolution through nonlinear interactions. Two-color exposure schemes involving visible light have already been used to attain resolution well beyond that predicted by the Abbe criterion. The introduction of an additional color holds the promise for reaching the resolution targets set by the semiconductor industry. I will discuss the first generation of 3-color lithographic materials, and the new tools that we have developed to study their physics and physical chemistry. |
Thursday, March 8, 2018 1:39PM - 2:15PM |
S59.00005: Counting biomolecules using single-molecule imaging technique Invited Speaker: Kyu Young Han Quantifying the protein expression level and detecting aberrant proteins are critical to many therapeutic areas such as cancer development, brain injury, inflammation and infectious diseases. However, it is difficult to detect a small trace of the proteins as contrasted with other biomolecules such as DNA or RNA. It is even more challenging to reveal their oligomerization state which is often a hallmark of several diseases. Here, we demonstrate quantitative analysis of endogenous proteins from human brain tissue using a single-molecule pull-down assay. Single-molecule imaging technique enables us to directly count the number of single proteins and reveal the stoichiometry of the protein complex. By utilizing in vivo crosslinker, we can preserve the native oligomerization state of proteins. Quantitative labeling and single-molecule intensity analysis allow to precisely count the number of proteins. Our technique is a powerful diagnostic tool for the detection of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, and can be used to analyze various biospecimens. |
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