Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2018
Volume 63, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2018; Los Angeles, California
Session P06: Instrumentation and Measurements II |
Hide Abstracts |
Sponsoring Units: GIMS Room: LACC 153A |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 2:30PM - 2:42PM |
P06.00001: Torque Differential Magnetometry Using the Qplus-Mode of a Quartz Tuning Fork Lu Chen, Fan Yu, Ziji Xiang, Tomoya Asaba, Colin Tinsman, Benjamin Lawson, Paul Sass, Weida Wu, Xianhui Chen, Lu Li Quartz tuning fork is the key component of high-resolution atomic force microscope. Because of its high quality factor, quartz tuning fork can also be used for high sensitivity magnetometry. Herein, we developed a highly sensitive torque differential magnetometry using the Qplus-mode of a quartz tuning forks. A sharp resonance of the quartz tuning fork was observed at low temperature down to 25 mK. We calibrated our torque differential magnetometry by measuring the angular dependence of the hysteresis loop in single crystalline Fe0.25TaS2. Furthermore, we demonstrated the high sensitivity and the applicability of our torque differential magnetometry in strong magnetic field by measuring the angular dependent quantum oscillations of bismuth single crystal up to 45 T. The extracted Fermi surface cross sections are consistent with previous results. Extra features beyond the quantum limit was also observed, which corresponds to the Landau spectrum at the extreme field limit. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 2:42PM - 2:54PM |
P06.00002: Low cost ns LASER pulses James McClymer A simple and inexpensive circuit is described to produce nanosecond visible LASER pulses by fast modulation of a LASER diode. The pulse is initiated by a TTL pulse that is inverted and then ANDed with the initial pulse. The original and inverted pulse overlap for approximatly the propagation delay. These two pulses are ANDed togetehr, producing a pulse that does not saturate with a maximum voltage of 2.8 volts. This pulse is sufficient to drive the LASER DIODE, producing a pulse with a FWHM of 1.4ns and rise and fall times under 650 ps. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 2:54PM - 3:06PM |
P06.00003: Additive Manufacturing Techniques for High Magnetic Field Research Fedor Balakirev, Ximone Willis, Xiaxin Ding, John Singleton
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Wednesday, March 7, 2018 3:06PM - 3:18PM |
P06.00004: Development of a Sample Environment for in-situ Dynamic Light Scattering in Combination with Small Angle Neutron Scattering for the Investigation of Soft Matter at the European Spallation Source ESS Andreas Schmid, Sebastian Jaksch, Henrich Frielinghaus, Tobias Schrader, Harald Schneider, Thomas Hellweg Currently, the European Spallation Source ESS, which will be one of the most modern and high-performance scientific neutron sources worldwide, is constructed near Lund in Sweden. The aim of our composite project “FlexiProb” is to maximize the potential of the new neutron source and to develop three modular sample environments for small angle neutron scattering (SANS) (a) combined with in-situ dynamic light scattering (DLS), (b) under gracing incidence (GISANS) and (c) on free-standing liquid films and foams. All sample environments are constructed on an universal carrier system to ensure a high repeatability, a maximum flexibility as well as a minimum switching time between different sample environments. The in-situ DLS/SANS module developed in our subproject will provide additional control parameters e.g. the sample stability during the SANS measurements. Thus, we will also develop a sample holder for about 60 samples which allows the simultaneous measurement of SANS and DLS at two different scattering angles and which provides a precise temperature control. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 3:18PM - 3:30PM |
P06.00005: Abstract Withdrawn
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Wednesday, March 7, 2018 3:30PM - 3:42PM |
P06.00006: Quantum Point Contact Single-Nucleotide Conductance with Conformational Smear Characterization for DNA and RNA Sequence Identification Lee Korshoj, Sepideh Afsari, Gary Abel Jr., Sajida Khan, Anushree Chatterjee, Prashant Nagpal Nanoelectronic nucleic acid sequencing has been hindered by unreliable metal-molecule junction formation and variable molecular conformations [1]. We describe a quantum point contact single-nucleotide conductance sequencing (QPICS) method that enables reproducible conductance measurements of conformationally constrained single nucleotides within electrostatically bound DNA and RNA molecules on a self-assembled cysteamine monolayer [2]. We quantify conformational variation, or smear, from the distance over which molecular junctions are maintained during each conductance measurement, and apply an advanced algorithmic approach for accurate nucleotide identification from single measurements [2,3]. Varying the applied bias and pH conditions allows molecular conductance to be switched ON/OFF to achieve >99.7% accuracy for base calling with minimal repeat measurements (~12), surpassing the accuracy of existing sequencing methods. The results demonstrate the potential for using simple surface modifications and existing biochemical moieties in nucleobases for reliable single-molecule, nanoelectronic DNA and RNA nucleotide identification. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 3:42PM - 3:54PM |
P06.00007: Silicon sensors with integrated UV filters for fast scintillation detectors and solar-blind imaging systems John Hennessy, April Jewell, Michael Hoenk, David Hitlin, Mickel McClish, Shouleh Nikzad We report on the development of device-integrated metal dielectric filters to enable solid-state silicon sensors to operate at ultraviolet wavlengths with solar or visible blindness. One application of these devices is for scintillation based platforms where deep-diffused silicon avalanche photodiodes have been designed to detect the fast emission component of BaF2 scintillators centered around 220 nm. Traditional silicon photodetectors have poor sensitivity at wavelengths in this range due the short absorption depth of deep UV photons. This is overcome by the use of molecular beam epitaxy to create 2D superlattice-doped surfaces that restore high internal UV quantum efficiency. Integrated deep UV bandpass filters are deposited directly onto the silicon surface to maintain high in-band sensitivity to the fast BaF2 emission component, while simultaneously rejecting a larger and slower component centered at 330 nm. This concept can be extended to imaging sensors like CCDs for astrophysics applications where visible or solar blindness is often desired. The performance of these devices and the design and fabrication challenges associated with this development will be discussed. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 3:54PM - 4:06PM |
P06.00008: Transforming Inexpensive, Commercial Audio and Video Components into a Useful Charged Particle Spectrometer. Arthur Pallone Necessity often leads to inspiration. Such was the case when a traditional amplifier quit working during the collection of an alpha particle spectrum. I had a $15 battery-powered audio amplifier in my box of project electronics so I connected it between the preamplifier and the multichannel analyzer. The alpha particle spectrum that appeared on the computer screen matched expectations even without correcting for impedance mismatches. Encouraged by this outcome, I have begun to systematically replace each of the parts in the traditional charged particle spectrometer with audio and video components available through consumer electronics stores with the goal of producing an inexpensive charged particle spectrometer for use in education and research. I hope my successes, setbacks, and results to date will inform and inspire others. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 4:06PM - 4:18PM |
P06.00009: First Coincident Measurement of the Energies of Positron-Induced Secondary Electrons and Corresponding Positron Annihilation-Induced Gamma Photons Randall Gladen, Varghese Chirayath, Alex Fairchild, Ali Koymen, Alexander Weiss A novel spectroscopic technique utilizing a recently completed positron beam has been developed at the University of Texas at Arlington. The technique employs a positron annihilation-induced Auger electron spectroscopy system to measure the flight times of Auger electrons in coincidence with gamma photons measured by a high purity Ge gamma detector. Described herein as gamma-gamma-Auger coincidence, the integrated technique is applied to the study of the doppler-broadened spectra of gamma photons emitted during a particular positron-electron annihilation event which results in the emission of an Auger electron. The ability to identify specific gamma energies alongside the Auger electron energies to which they are associated will allow the acquisition of electronic, structural, and chemical information from the top-most surfaces of thin films and nanostructures. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 4:18PM - 4:30PM |
P06.00010: Signal tracking beyond the time resolution of an atomic sensor by Kalman filtering Ricardo Jimenez-Martinez, Charikleia Troullinou, Vito Lucivero, Jia Kong, Morgan Mitchell, Jan Kolodynski We study causal waveform estimation (tracking) of time-varying signals in a paradigmatic atomic sensor, an alkali vapor monitored by Faraday rotation probing. We use Kalman filtering, which optimally tracks known linear Gaussian stochastic processes, to estimate stochastic input signals that we generate by optical pumping. Comparing the known input to the estimates, we confirm the accuracy of the atomic statistical model and the reliability of the Kalman filter, allowing recovery of waveform details far briefer than the sensor's intrinsic time resolution. With proper filter choice, we obtain similar benefits when tracking partially-known and non-Gaussian signal processes, as are found in most practical sensing applications. The method evades the trade-off between sensitivity and time resolution in coherent sensing. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 4:30PM - 4:42PM |
P06.00011: Applications of Precision Timing to a SUSY Search with Delayed Photons at the Compact Muon Solenoid Gillian Kopp, Maria Spiropulu, Zhicai Zhang, Si Xie The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment records data from Large Hadron Collider (LHC) collisions to search for physics beyond the Standard Model, test theories of supersymmetery (SUSY), and precisely measure properties of known particles. To maintain the sensitivity of the CMS experiment, current detectors must be upgraded to mitigate the effects of increased pileup interactions expected at the high-luminosity LHC. New capabilities, such as precision timing in calorimetric devices, have been shown to effectively mitigate the effects due to pileup, and are expected to benefit new physics searches. We present results obtained using a dedicated silicon timing layer identical to that proposed for the CMS High Granularity Calorimeter. This timing layer was tested with high energy electromagnetic showers at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, and an outstanding time resolution of 16 ps was measured for a 32 GeV beam energy. A simulation of a benchmark dark matter search is presented, and shown that generated particle flight times can be faithfully reconstructed using detector-level information. We thus demonstrate that the search can be performed and its sensitivity is expected to improve with the calorimeter time resolution. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 4:42PM - 4:54PM |
P06.00012: Design, Fabrication and Performance of the Transition-Edge Sensor Array for SPT-3G Experiment Junjia Ding The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is remnant radiation from the early universe that provides a wealth of information leading to many breakthroughs in our theory of cosmology. Current and future CMB experiments aim to measure the CMB polarization precisely with the goal of exploring inflation physics and neutrino mass. In order to precisely measure the CMB polarization, especially the parity violating B-mode polarization pattern, a focal plane with approximately 16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers has been designed and fabricated. In this work, the design, fabrication and performance of the focal plane will be presented. In addition, we will discuss how the properties of the detector key components, i. e. the dielectric layer, the microstrip in-line filters, the TES film configurations and the detector thermal links can be extracted and investigated basing on the testing results. The focal plane has been installed in the South Pole Telescope at the end of 2016 for the latest generation of CMB experiment (SPT-3G). |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 4:54PM - 5:06PM |
P06.00013: Absorption characteristics of particulate dampers to mitigate structural vibration
Hasson M. Tavossi, Ph.D., Savannah State University, Department of Engineering Technology,
3219 College St., Savannah, GA 31404. Hasson Tavossi Interior and exterior structural vibrations can be efficiently damped by particulate materials. The absorption spectral characteristics of the material depend on the particulate mechanical properties, their shapes, size distribution, and degree of consolidation. Experiment show that unconsolidated particulate dampers acts as a band-pass filter for vibration frequencies that is transmitted through them. The particulate materials can also have spectral frequency band-gap structure where a band of frequency of mechanical vibrations is strongly attenuated; by absorption, scattering, or localization of vibration energy. In this investigation samples of unconsolidated uniform size spherical particulates are subjected to forced mechanical vibration at different frequencies and amplitudes, to determine their absorption characteristics as a function of frequency and direction of propagation. The effects of particulate size and thickness layer are considered, in the frequency ranges encountered in building vibrations. The goal of this investigation is to find the required characteristics for particulate dampers for absorption of building vibrations. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 5:06PM - 5:18PM |
P06.00014: Large-volume, multiplane Fresnel holography for 3D displays Onur Tokel, Ghaith Makey, Denizhan Kesim, Ozgun Yavuz, Ahmet Turnali, Parviz Elahi, Johnny Toumi, Mustafa Sayem El-Daher, Serim Ilday, Fatih Ilday Digitally synthesized holograms, or computer generated holograms (CGHs) offer the possibility of dynamic projection for 3D displays [1]. There has been extensive efforts for such 3D video applications, however, available methods remain limited to projections to a few planes, over a narrow depth-of-field or with low-resolution. Overall, there is no technique that allows creation of a large number of consecutive projections with full depth control, and practical implementation of realistic 3D projections appears to be out of reach. Here we demonstrate a novel approach, which enables truly 3D reconstruction with full depth control and large-volume. We achieve high-contrast, high-quality multiplane images with low crosstalk. Our algorithm allows projection to 300 planes from a single hologram, advancing the state of the art by nearly two orders of magnitude, constituting in an unprecedented 3D projection capability. Further, our simulations demonstrate 3D projection of a complex object that can be viewed over the entire 4PI solid angle. Experimentally, we show a 3D display prototype, projecting 12 back-to-back images using a single hologram. |
Wednesday, March 7, 2018 5:18PM - 5:30PM |
P06.00015: Ghost diffraction by ghost imaging Yoshiki O-oka, Susumu Fukatsu Ghost imaging (GI) is a technique to retrieve images of a remote object through space-momentum correlation of light beams. Ghost diffraction (GD) is its relative where diffraction patterns of an object are retrieved. Recently, GI was extended to time domain, which makes temporal GD (TGD) relevant now. However, GD is not readily applicable to time domain. This is because GD dwells on the Fourier transform (FT) of electric fields, for which three degrees of freedom of a wavevector are critical while only one is available in time domain. Here we report a successful TGD experiment by using a proper TGI setup, which defies our notion of GD. The time-domain diffraction was made available through the inverse-FT of the transmission spectra. Spatio-temporarily correlated beams were created by splitting pseudorandomized light. One (R) propagates along an optic fiber while the other (O) passed through an interferometer with a built-in frequency upconverter. We retrieved beats by taking the covariance between the intensity fluctuation of R and the integrated output of O. Diffraction patterns due to a "two slit" in frequency domain were in fact retrieved by applying TGI, viz., TGD. Possible extension to space-momentum domain will be discussed. |
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