Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2018
Volume 63, Number 1
Monday–Friday, March 5–9, 2018; Los Angeles, California
Session A26: Quantum Defect-based SensingFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Susumu Takahashi, University of Southern California Room: LACC 404A |
Monday, March 5, 2018 8:00AM - 8:36AM |
A26.00001: Diamond-based quantum sensing Invited Speaker: Christian Degen Diamond has emerged as a unique material for a variety of applications, both because it is very robust and because it has defects with interesting properties. One of these defects, the nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center), has a single spin associated with it that shows quantum behavior up to room temperature. Our group is harnessing the properties of single NV centers for high resolution magnetic sensing applications. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 8:36AM - 8:48AM |
A26.00002: Development of High Field Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Benjamin Fortman, Chathuranga Abeywardana, Susumu Takahashi A nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond possesses a unique electronic structure enabling single spin sensing through optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). Electron spin resonance (ESR) conducted through a single NV center is promising for the improvement of ESR spin sensitivity to single spin levels [1]. Here, we discuss a platform for nanoscale NV-based ESR at high magnetic fields. We present the development of a high-field ODMR system consisting of a high-frequency excitation component, superconducting magnet, NV detection system, microscope system and sample stage. We also plan to implement the capability of pulse shaping to increase the excitation bandwidth, consequently improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Double electron-electron resonance measurements of a single NV center at high magnetic fields is also discussed. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 8:48AM - 9:00AM |
A26.00003: Application of Optimal Band-limited Control Protocols to
Quantum Noise Sensing Virginia Frey, Sandeep Mavadia, Leigh Norris, Lorenza Viola, Michael Biercuk Nanoscale sensing techniques are in increasing demand across medical, metrological and industrial applications. In the context of quantum devices, the extreme sensitivity to the environment can in principle provide excellent sensor performance. However, common sensing protocols for qubit-based sensors, as implemented through control operations that manipulate their response in frequency space, suffer from out-of-band spectral leakage which complicates the interpretation of a sensor’s signal. We demonstrate a novel type of sensing protocols based on the provably optimal band-limited Slepian functions. Experiments with trapped ion qubits deploying this method reveal orders of magnitude improvement over conventional sensing protocols. Combining the narrowband control protocols with concepts from RF engineering to tune the frequency sensitivity band of our qubits, we demonstrate how complex coherent amplitude noise spectra can be reconstructed using classical post-processing techniques like multitaper and Bayesian spectrum estimation. Contributions to qubit infidelity due to noise in different axes are identified using tomographic measurements. Lastly, we apply these techniques to measure the intrinsic noise in our qubit-drive synthesis chain with sensitivities down to 0.001 dB. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:00AM - 9:12AM |
A26.00004: Cooperation between coherent controls and noises in quantum metrology Haidong Yuan Standard schemes in quantum parameter estimation usually assume the parameter to be estimated residing in one part of the dynamics, either in the Hamiltonian or in the noisy process. In this article, we show that the cooperation between coherent controls and noises can create multiple paths for parametrization which goes beyond the standard schemes and opens new possibilities for further improvement on the precision limit. We demonstrate the effect of the cooperative interplay between coherent controls and the noises through canonical examples in quantum metrology and show that the cooperative scheme beats the standard scheme, and in certain regimes, the precision limit under the cooperative scheme can surpass the ultimate limit under the ideal unitary dynamics. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:12AM - 9:24AM |
A26.00005: Wavefront Shaping Guided by Optically Detectable Magnetic Resonance Donggyu Kim, Dirk Englund The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is one of the leading platforms for advanced quantum metrology. For the last decade, it has been shown that NV-diamonds detect magnetic fields with exceptional sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. Here, we apply the outstanding sensing abilities of NV centers to adaptive optics in microscopy. We develop a new technique in which optically detectable magnetic resonance (ODMR) guides adaptive wavefront shaping. Our method, in particular, enables far-field control of subwavelength light inside of a multimode nanophotonic device. We experimentally demonstrate our proposal by optically addressing individual spin ensembles below the diffraction limit of microscopy. Our technique will open up a range of new applications including super-depth super-resolution imaging and quantum sensing. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:24AM - 9:36AM |
A26.00006: Frequency-tunable Three-dimensional Microwave Resonator for Coherent Control of Large NV Ensembles Louis Haeberle, Michel Pioro-Ladriere, David Roy-Guay Nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond show promise as high-sensitivity vector magnetometers, due to their excellent room temperature coherence time, and the ability to address them using optical and microwave pulses (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance). One way to increase the sensitivity of measurements is to use large ensembles of NV- centers to gain a statistical advantage; however, this requires the ability to apply an uniform microwave field to the whole ensemble. Combining optical excitation and readout with uniform microwave excitation in the same device has been shown to be challenging in past experimental realizations. Here, we report the development of a three-dimensional, re-entrant microwave resonator geometry which allows uniform (0.3% RMS error in field amplitude) and frequency-tunable (300 MHz tuning range) microwave excitation on macroscopic (~3mm3) volumes, as well as laser excitation and photoluminescence measurement. We also show results of ODMR measurements of a large (>1012 spins) NV- ensemble. This work will be used in an enhanced-sensitivity room-temperature magnetometer, but could also be applied to any experiments measuring spin resonance on large samples. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:36AM - 9:48AM |
A26.00007: Spin-relaxation based coupling between NV centers and ferromagnetic dynamics Carola Purser, Vidya Bhallamudi, Feng Guo, Michael Page, Brendan McCullian, Qiaochu Guo, Richard Mueller, Denis Pelekhov, Gregory Fuchs, P. Chris Hammel We and others have recently reported optical detection of magnetic resonance that avoids the need for resonant overlap of the target and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) sensor spins by exploiting target-spin induced NV spin relaxation. The relaxation is due to fluctuating magnetic fields which, in the case of ferromagnets (FM), result from the decay of the coherently driven mode into spinwaves. This provides a sensitive approach to measuring damping at the nanoscale. Here we describe systematic investigations of NV-spin relaxation by spinwaves in which: 1) the NV-FM separation is controlled by a wedge-shaped spacer; 2) the applied magnetic field alters the wavevectors of spinwaves that are resonant with the NV spins; and 3) various FMs and mode-confinement produce modes with differing dispersions. We report on our progress in applying this approach to understanding damping of localized modes. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 9:48AM - 10:00AM |
A26.00008: Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance with chemical structure resolution Nabeel Aslam, Matthias Pfender, Philipp Neumann, Rolf Reuter, Andrea Zappe, Felipe Fávaro de Oliveira, Andrej Denisenko, Hitoshi Sumiya, Shinobu Onada, Junichi Isoya, J. Wrachtrup The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has recently proven its capability as a nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor. Compared to the required number of nuclear spins in conventional NMR, NV nanoscale NMR has been able to detect a sample containing a 12 orders of magnitude smaller number of nuclear spins. For chemical structure analysis however the spectral resolution is the crucial parameter and so far it has been challenging to achieve the required resolution. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:00AM - 10:12AM |
A26.00009: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy with a Wide Field of View Florestan Ziem, Marwa Garsi, Helmut Fedder, Jörg Wrachtrup Paramagnetic defect centers have emerged as capable quantum sensors due to advances in control and sensing protocols, as well as in material science. Especially nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have proven to be sensitive probes of magnetic fields and other physical quantities, enabling their use in electron and nuclear paramagnetic resonance of other spin species within volumes of a few cubic nanometers. Mostly single NV centers are used in scanning microscopy but the detection can be multiplexed by interrogating thin layers of implanted NV center ensembles with a scientific camera. We use such a wide field imaging mode to detect the nuclear magnetic signal from solid state thin films deposited on the diamond surface. We demonstrate how parallel orchestration of the ensemble can be regained even within strong gradients of the microwave control field, which are inherent to tightly integrated ensemble implementations. We mitigate differences in Rabi frequency up to a factor of three by using optimal control microwave pulses. Conversely, inhomogeneities of the control field can be exploited to obtain sub-diffraction limited spatial resolution. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:12AM - 10:24AM |
A26.00010: Achieving the Heisenberg Limit in Quantum Metrology Using Quantum Error Correction Sisi Zhou, Mengzhen Zhang, John Preskill, Liang Jiang Quantum metrology concerns the task of estimating physical parameters describing the Hamiltonian of a quantum system, with wide applications in science and technology. The Heisenberg limit characterizes the fundamental limit of estimation precision for a noiseless quantum system. In practice, however, noise usually imposes a severe limitation on precision, making the Heisenberg limit unachievable. Quantum error correction has been proposed to address this problem in several scenarios, but its potential value in metrology has not yet been fully identified. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving the Heisenberg limit in quantum probes subject to Markovian noise, assuming access to noiseless ancillas and fast and accurate quantum controls. Under such condition, we provide a general construction of quantum error correction codes to recover a noiseless channel without completely eliminating the signal Hamiltonian. Our work opens up a new possibility to achieve the ultimate precision limit in noisy quantum systems. The full paper is available at arXiv:1706.02445. |
Monday, March 5, 2018 10:24AM - 10:36AM |
A26.00011: Optical sensing of weak magnetic fields in superconductors using NV centers in diamond Naufer Nusran, Kamal Joshi, Kyuil Cho, Makariy Tanatar, William Meier, Sergey Bud'ko, Paul Canfield, Yong Liu, T. A. Lograsso, Ruslan Prozorov Visible light fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as high sensitivity sensors for nanoscale magnetometry. Here, we study spatial distributions of the magnetic induction upon penetration and expulsion of weak magnetic fields in several representative superconductors. In particular, vector magnetic field was measured with diffraction-limited spatial resolution on the surface of elemental (Pb and Nb), intermetallic (LuNi2B2C), and iron-based (Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2, Ba(Fe0.93Co0.07)2As2, CaKFe4As4) superconductors in zero-field-cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) experiments. While ZFC shows robust screening, the structure of the Meissner state after FC ranges from conventional flux expulsion in Pb and LuNi2B2C, to paramagnetic Meissner effect in Nb, to virtually no expulsion in iron-based superconductors. We further apply this technique for accurate measurements of the first critical field and use it to estimate London penetration depth in several superconductors (arXiv:1709.02769). |
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