Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2017
Volume 62, Number 4
Monday–Friday, March 13–17, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session V21: Statistical Physics of On-line ReputationInvited Undergraduate
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Sponsoring Units: GSNP Chair: Guido Caldarelli, IMT Lucca Room: 281-282 |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 2:30PM - 3:06PM |
V21.00001: The spreading of misinformation on-line Invited Speaker: Eugene Stanley |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 3:06PM - 3:42PM |
V21.00002: Algorithms for reputation and quality in scientific e-communities Invited Speaker: Giulio Cimini The ever-increasing quantity and complexity of scientific production have made it difficult for researchers to keep track of advances in their own fields. This, together with growing popularity of online scientific communities, calls for the development of effective information filtering tools. We discuss a method to simultaneously compute reputation of users and quality of scientific artifacts in an online scientific community where researchers share relevant papers, which outperforms existing algorithms. The method is grounded on network theory, and relies on the different kinds of actions the members of the community can undertake. Evaluation on artificially-generated data and real data from the Econophysics Forum is used to determine the method's best-performing variants. We show that when the method is extended by considering author credit, its performance improves on multiple levels. The range of applicability of the algorithm is not strictly limited to scientific online communities, as it can be used in any environment where i) shared perceptions of quality can emerge, ii) quality induces popularity, and iii) individual artifacts have multiple authors. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 3:42PM - 4:18PM |
V21.00003: Comparing the diffusion of reliable and unreliable information Invited Speaker: Giovanni Ciampaglia |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 4:18PM - 4:54PM |
V21.00004: Physics of Blockchain Systems Invited Speaker: Claudio J. Tessone Nowadays, most facets of human behaviour are pervaded by technical systems that facilitate our information and economic exchanges. In the last years, aiming at more resilient and scalable designs, these systems have transitioned towards decentralised concepts. Blockchain has disrupted the way of thinking distributed systems: This mechanism allows the secure diffusion of information across a network without the need of a central (trusted) authority to enforce the emergence of consensus. Indeed, as a primary example, the digital currency Bitcoin is implemented on top of a blockchain, and its value is solely assigned by a (largely speculative) market. This talk is divided into two parts. First, the analysis of Bitcoin as a closed economy: having followed a technocratic approach in its immutable design, it is the only case of an economy where all monetary transactions can be traced back with full detail. Interestingly, its fixed incentive scheme has created the emergence of large levels of centralisation and economic flow, drastically different from its original conception. Blockchain-based systems are underlain by decentralised peer-to-peer networks. While in the last years the number of its applications has increased enormously, little is known about their suitability in stressed working conditions. In the final part of this presentation we introduce a parsimonious modelling approach (an extension of the celebrated Gillespie algorithm) for these systems, identifying a phase transition from consensus in the diffusion of information to a frustrated (congested) state where the efficiency of these systems rapidly deteriorates. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 4:54PM - 5:30PM |
V21.00005: Distortion of on-line reputation by excess reciprocity: quantification and estimation of unbiased reputation Invited Speaker: Tomaso Aste |
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