Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2017
Volume 62, Number 4
Monday–Friday, March 13–17, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session S51: Nonreciprocal Devices for Circulation, Amplification, and ReadoutFocus
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Sponsoring Units: GQI Chair: Jose Aumentado, National Institute of Standards and Technology Room: 398 |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
S51.00001: Circulation and Directional Amplification in the Josephson Parametric Converter Invited Speaker: Michael Hatridge Nonreciprocal transport and directional amplification of weak microwave signals are fundamental ingredients in performing efficient measurements of quantum states of flying microwave light. This challenge has been partly met, as quantum-limited amplification is now regularly achieved with parametrically-driven, Josephson-junction based superconducting circuits. However, these devices are typically non-directional, requiring external circulators to separate incoming and outgoing signals. Recently this limitation has been overcome by several proposals and experimental realizations of both directional amplifiers and circulators based on interference between several parametric processes in a single device. This new class of multi-parametrically driven devices holds the promise of achieving a variety of desirable characteristics simultaneously--- directionality, reduced gain-bandwidth constraints and quantum-limited added noise, and are good candidates for on-chip integration with other superconducting circuits such as qubits. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
S51.00002: Performance of an on-chip superconducting circulator for quantum microwave systems Benjamin Chapman, Eric Rosenthal, Bradley Moores, Joseph Kerckhoff, J. A. B. Mates, G. C. Hilton, L. R. Vale, J. N. Ullom, Kevin LalumÃere, Alexandre Blais, K. W. Lehnert Microwave circulators enforce a single propagation direction for signals in an electrical network.~ Unfortunately, commercial circulators are bulky, lossy, and cannot be integrated close to superconducting circuits because they require strong (\textasciitilde kOe) magnetic fields produced by permanent magnets.~ Here we report on the performance of an on-chip, active circulator for superconducting microwave circuits, which uses no permanent magnets.~ Non-reciprocity is achieved by actively modulating reactive elements around 100 MHz, giving roughly a factor of 50 in the separation between signal and control frequencies, which facilitates filtering. The circulator's active components are dynamically tunable inductors constructed with arrays of dc-SQUIDs in series. Array inductance is tuned by varying the magnetic flux through the SQUIDs with fields weaker than 1 Oe. Although the instantaneous bandwidth of the device is narrow, the operation frequency is tunable between 4 and 8 GHz. This presentation will describe the device's theory of operation and compare its measured performance to design goals. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
S51.00003: On-chip integration of a superconducting microwave circulator and a Josephson parametric amplifier Eric I. Rosenthal, Benjamin J. Chapman, Bradley A. Moores, Joseph Kerckhoff, Maxime Malnou, D. A. Palken, J. A. B. Mates, G. C. Hilton, L. R. Vale, J. N. Ullom, K. W. Lehnert Recent progress in microwave amplification based on parametric processes in superconducting circuits has revolutionized the measurement of feeble microwave signals. These devices, which operate near the quantum limit, are routinely used in ultralow temperature cryostats to: readout superconducting qubits, search for axionic dark matter, and characterize astrophysical sensors. However, these amplifiers often require ferrite circulators to separate incoming and outgoing traveling waves. For this reason, measurement efficiency and scalability are limited. In order to facilitate the routing of quantum signals we have created a superconducting, on-chip microwave circulator without permanent magnets. We integrate our circulator on-chip with a Josephson parametric amplifier for the purpose of near quantum-limited directional amplification. In this talk I will present a design overview and preliminary measurements. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
S51.00004: Demonstrating a gyrator operation using Josephson mixers Baleegh Abdo, Nick Bronn, Oblesh Jinka, Markus Brink, Jerry Chow A gyrator is a two-port microwave component that has a 180 degree differential phase shift between waves propagating through it in opposite directions [1]. In this work, we present a proof-of-principle gyrator that does not employ ferrites or permanent magnets and is based instead, on unitary Josephson mixers [2]. We show that such a gyrator can be a key component in the realization of circulators on chip capable of routing microwave signals to and from superconducting qubits and parametric amplifiers in scalable quantum processors. Such on-chip circulators are particularly needed for scalable architectures to where existing state-of-the-art, off-chip, commercial, cryogenic circulators used nowadays might be disadvantaged. We discuss possible improvements to the device performance and how it can be used to realize practical on-chip circulators. [1] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering. [2] B. Abdo et al., PRB 87, 014508. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
S51.00005: On-chip microwave circulators - Breaking time-reversal symmetry with quantum phase slips Clemens M\"uller, Nicolas Vogt, Jared H. Cole, Thomas M. Stace Quantum phase slip (QPS) junctions are dual circuit-elements that are equivalent to Josephson junctions under the exchange of voltage and current\footnote{Mooij et al, Nat.Phys. 2, 169 (2006)} and they have recently been employed to observe coherent quantum phase slips\footnote{Astafiev et al, Nature 484, 355 (2012)}. We propose a QPS-junction based circulator, where the three ports of the circulator are inductively connected to superconducting loops hosting trapped flux quanta. The role of a symmetry-breaking magnetic field is played by an external gate charge on a central island. The design is similar to one previously proposed using Josephson junctions\footnote{Koch et al, PRA 82, 043811 (2010)}, but exchanges the charge and flux degrees of freedom. The QPS circulator therefore is much less sensitive to environmental perturbations, since fluctuations in background magnetic flux are many orders of magnitude suppressed as compared to charge fluctuations. We find that our design offers high isolation even when taking into account realistic fabrication imperfections and experimental conditions and find a circulator bandwidth in excess of 400MHz for standard device parameters. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
S51.00006: Advances in quantum Hall-effect gyrators and circulators Stefano Bosco, David P. DiVincenzo Gyrators and circulators are non-reciprocal devices required for measurement and control of solid state qubits. The current implementation of circulators exploits the Faraday effect: although this guarantees very good performance in terms of loss, the resulting devices are quite bulky in the microwave regime. Better scalability can be achieved by using the quantum Hall-effect: a system made of metal electrodes capacitively coupled to a Hall-bar is expected to behave as an ideal non-reciprocal device at specific frequencies. In this talk, I will present the latest theoretical developments in this field, focusing on both physical and engineering aspects. In particular, I will discuss a general modeling of these devices based on microscopic calculations in the random phase approximation that captures several interesting features of the response in different materials, including graphene. I will also tackle some practical issues, for example the impedance mismatch with the external circuit and the parasitic coupling between the electrodes. Although these effects are typically expected to degrade the performance, clever engineering of the coupling between the electrodes and the Hall-bar can suppress them and optimal devices can be implemented without additional bulky electronics. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
S51.00007: On-chip microwave circulators using quantum Hall plasmonics Alice Mahoney, James Colless, Sebastian Pauka, John Hornibrook, Andrew Doherty, David Reilly, Lucas Peeters, Eli Fox, David Goldhaber-Gordon, Xuefeng Kou, Lei Pan, Kang Wang, John Watson, Geoffrey Gardner, Michael Manfra Circulators are directional circuit elements integral to technologies including radar systems, microwave communication transceivers and the readout of quantum information devices. Their non-reciprocity commonly arises from the interference of microwaves over the centimetre-scale of the signal wavelength in the presence of bulky magnetic media that breaks time-reversal symmetry. We present a completely passive on-chip microwave circulator with size 1/1000th the wavelength by exploiting the chiral, `slow-light' response of a GaAs/AlGaAs 2-dimensional electron gas in the quantum Hall regime. Further, by implementing this circulator design on a thin film of a magnetic topological insulator (Cr$_{0.12}$(Bi$_{0.26}$Sb$_{0.62}$)$_2$Te$_3$), we show that similar non-reciprocity can be achieved at zero magnetic field. This additional mode of operation serves as a non-invasive probe of edge states in the quantum anomalous Hall effect, while also extending the possibility for integration with superconducting devices. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
S51.00008: Josephson Parametric Converter saturation and higher order effects Gangqiang Liu, Xi Cao, Tzu-Chiao Chien, Olivia Lanes, Edan Alpern, Michael Hatridge The Josephson Parametric Converter (JPC), which provides quantum-limited amplification or conversion of microwave photons through a non-degenerate three-wave mixing process, has become widely used in superconducting quantum information. The device's operating frequency can be tuned by varying the applied flux and microwave pump frequency and amplitude, with accompanying complex effects on saturation power and frequency response. In this talk, we present numerical and experimental studies of the optimal bias conditions for a given signal frequency. We identify novel features in the saturation behavior of the amplifier which point to the influence of higher order Hamiltonian terms. These are relevant for both conventional devices and especially the emerging class of multiply pumped directional amplifiers and circulators based on three-wave mixing with Josephson junctions. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
S51.00009: Improving measurement protocols for fast readout and high fidelity in a multi-qubit device Jose Chavez-Garcia, Antonio Corcoles, Natasja Jovanovic, Nicholas Bronn, Scott Lekuch, Ken Inoue, Markus Brink, Baleegh Abdo, Jerry Chow, Jay Gambetta Fast qubit and cavity reset is an integral part of implementing the surface code and performing iterative algorithms. In combination with a Purcell filter and a Josephson Parametric Converter, we optimize cavity parameters and electronics for fast readout and fidelity. With this ability, we present some demonstrations of multi-qubit quantum information processing architectures. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
S51.00010: Normal-metal nano-devices for sensing in superconducting quantum circuits Russell Lake, Joonas Govenius, Roope Kokkoniemi, Kuan Yen Tan, Matti Partanen, Pauli Virtanen, Mikko M\"{o}tt\"{o}nen Recently we reported an advance in thermal detector technology that aims at resolving single energy quanta in the microwave regime [1]. Our device is comprised of a normal-metal nanowire with proximity-induced superconductivity. We exploit the nanowire's temperature-dependent admittance for thermal detection of microwave energy packets as small as 1 zJ in a single-shot measurement [2]. To investigate further applications of proximized normal-metal nanowires in superconducting microwave circuits, we have performed quantitative electrical admittance measurements of gold-palladium wires arranged into a chain of SQUIDs. The chain is coupled strongly to a multimode microwave resonator with a mode spacing of 0.6 GHz. By measuring the frequencies and quality factors of the resonator modes, we extract the dissipative and reactive parts of the admittance of the chain at millikelvin temperatures. We compare the phase- and temperature-dependent results near 1 GHz to theory based on the time-dependent Usadel equations and identify important discrepancies that are not resolved by including inelastic scattering or elastic spin-flip scattering in the theory [3]. [1] M. Schirber Physics \textbf{9}, 81 (2016) [2] J. Govenius et al. PRL \textbf{117}, 030802 (2016) [3] R. E. Lake et al. arXiv 1607.08900 [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
S51.00011: Graphene Josephson Junction Microwave Detector Kin Chung Fong, Evan Walsh, Gil-Ho Lee, Dmitri Efetov, Jesse Crossno, Leonardo Ranzani, Thomas Ohki, Philip Kim, Dirk Englund Modern readout schemes for superconducting qubits have predominately relied on weak microwave signal detection and discrimination. Most schemes are based on heterodyne or homodyne receiver systems and only a few have demonstrated direct detection of microwave photons. The challenges of direct detection stem from the low energy of microwave photons and existing detector efficiency. We have designed, fabricated, and measured a graphene-based Josephson junction (gJJ) microwave detector. Exploiting its low electronic thermal conductivity and specific heat, an electron temperature rise on the order of 0.1 K due to a time average of about 10 photons in the graphene thermal photodetector is readout via a Josephson junction embedded in an 8 GHz microwave cavity. We will estimate the quantum efficiency and dark count probability of the gJJ microwave single photon detectors. This document does not contain technology or technical data controlled under either the U.S. International Traffic in Arms Regulations or the U.S. Export Administration Regulations. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
S51.00012: Resonance fluorescence readout of a superconducting qubit Nathanael Cottet, Yen-Hsiang Lin, Long Nguyen, Nicholas Grabon, Vladimir Manucharyan In many atomic or color centers physics experiments the state of a (typically long-lived) qubit is measured by exciting a transition to a (typically short-lived) higher energy level and collecting the fluoresced photons. We adapted this scheme to the measurement of a qubit transition of a multi-level fluxonium artificial atom embedded in a waveguide. In this scheme the qubit transition must be tuned below the waveguide's cutoff while the readout transition must stay in the pass-band. We discuss how the proposed scheme can offer a measurement rate comparable to the ones obtained in conventional dispersive circuit QED experiments and present initial experimental results. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
S51.00013: Parity detection of multiple superconducting qubits Caleb Howington, Alex Opremcak, Ivan Pechenezhskiy, Marius Schöndorf, Frank Wilhelm, R. McDermott, B.L.T. Plourde We present schemes for detecting two-qubit parity. One involves preparing two qubits coupled to a common cavity such that the $\chi$ shifts representing odd parities overlap. Driving the cavity at this odd frequency then generates either a high photon occupation (for odd parity) or an oscillating photon occupation (for even parity) in the cavity, which can be discriminated with phase-insensitive photon detection. A second readout scheme involves taking advantage of cavity nonlinearity at high drive powers. In this strongly driven dispersive regime, we can perform a similar mapping of qubit parity to photon occupation, using a frequency-offset cavity drive during readout. Experimental results to realize both readout protocols using a Josephson Photomultiplier are discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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