Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2017
Volume 62, Number 4
Monday–Friday, March 13–17, 2017; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session S13: Quantum Optics in Hybrid Systems: Noise, Photon Emission, and Optomechanical TransductionFocus
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Sponsoring Units: DAMOP GQI Chair: Chen-Lung Hung, Purdue University Room: 272 |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 11:15AM - 11:51AM |
S13.00001: Quantum state detection and state preparation based on cavity-enhanced nonlinear interaction of atoms with single photon Invited Speaker: Mahdi Hosseini Our ability to engineer quantum states of light and matter has significantly advanced over the past two decades, resulting in the production of both Gaussian and non-Gaussian optical states. The resulting tailored quantum states enable quantum technologies such as quantum optical communication, quantum sensing as well as quantum photonic computation. The strong nonlinear light-atom interaction is the key to deterministic quantum state preparation and quantum photonic processing. One route to enhancing the usually weak nonlinear light-atom interactions is to approach the regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) interaction by means of high finesse optical resonators. I present results from the MIT experiment of large conditional cross-phase modulation between a signal photon, stored inside an atomic quantum memory, and a control photon that traverses a high-finesse optical cavity containing the atomic memory. I also present a scheme to probabilistically change the amplitude and phase of a signal photon qubit to, in principle, arbitrary values by postselection on a control photon that has interacted with that state. Notably, small changes of the control photon polarization measurement basis by few degrees can substantially change the amplitude and phase of the signal state. Finally, I present our ongoing effort at Purdue to realize similar peculiar quantum phenomena at the single photon level on chip scale photonic systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 11:51AM - 12:03PM |
S13.00002: Noise and correlations in a microwave-mechanical-optical transducer Andrew P. Higginbotham, Peter S. Burns, Robert W. Peterson, Maxwell D. Urmey, Nir S. Kampel, Timothy Menke, Katarina Cicak, Raymond W. Simmonds, Cindy A. Regal, Konrad W. Lehnert Viewed as resources for quantum information processing, microwave and optical fields offer complementary strengths. We simultaneously couple one mode of a micromechanical oscillator to a resonant microwave circuit and a high-finesse optical cavity. In previous work, this system was operated as a classical converter between microwave and optical signals at 4 K, operating with 10\% efficiency and 1500 photons of added noise (1). To improve noise performance, we now operate the converter at 0.1 K. We have observed order-of-magnitude improvement in noise performance, and quantified effects from undesired interactions between the laser and superconducting circuit. Correlations between the microwave and optical fields have also been investigated, serving as a precursor to upcoming quantum operation. \\ \\ (1) Andrews, R. W., et. al. Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light. Nature Physics, \textbf{10}, 321–326 (2014). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:03PM - 12:15PM |
S13.00003: Nonreciprocal State Conversion between Microwave and Optical Photons Lin Tian, Zhen Li Nonreciprocal devices are of critical importance in the realization of noiseless and lossless quantum networks. Despite previous efforts, it is still challenging to implement nonreciprocal devices that connect distinctively different frequency scales. Optomechanical quantum interfaces can be utilized to connect systems with different frequencies in hybrid quantum networks. Here we present a scheme of nonreciprocal quantum state conversion between microwave and optical photons via an optomechanical interface. By introducing an auxiliary cavity and manipulating the phase differences between the linearized optomechanical couplings, uni-directional state transmission can be achieved. The interface can function as an isolator, a circulator, and a two-way switch that routes the input states to a selected output channel. We show that under a generalized impedance matching condition, the state conversion can reach high fidelity and is robust against the thermal fluctuations in the mechanical mode. [1] L. Tian and Z. Li, eprint arXiv:1610.09556. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:15PM - 12:27PM |
S13.00004: Novel approaches to optomechanical transduction Ondrej Cernotik, Klemens Hammerer In recent years, mechanical oscillators received attention as a promising tool for frequency conversion between microwaves and light. A general, bi-directional transducer with high efficiency is still far from reach of current technology; finding new strategies for optomechanical transduction allows us to relax the requirements and bring these systems closer to an experimental realization. An interesting example is generation of entanglement between two superconducting qubits using measurement and postselection. Here, the mechanical oscillators interacts directly with the superconducting transmon qubit in such a way that it feels a qubit-state dependent force. This force can then be read out using a cavity field; reading out two such systems sequentially realizes an effective total spin measurement. Starting from a suitable initial state and employing postselection, entanglement can be generated. Another interesting approach is to use an array of optomechanical transducers in which the output fields of one transducer are fed into the input of the next. The periodicity of the array results in a joint dispersion relation for the propagating microwave and optical fields. The resulting structure can be used to control the conversion bandwidth and forward and backward scattering. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
S13.00005: Level attraction in circuit electromechanics Nathan R. Bernier, Laszlo D. Toth, Alexey K. Feofanov, Tobias J. Kippenberg Level repulsion, with a coupling lifting an initial degeneracy between two modes, is a well-known phenomenon that appears anywhere from solid state band theory to quantum chemistry. In fact, a second phenomenon can occur when two modes cross in frequency. Level attraction, although less recognized, can be as relevant in many fields. The interaction between the two modes yields an instability, as the two frequencies become degenerate and develop an imaginary component. The difference originates from one of the mode having negative energy. Level attraction lies at the crossroads where many exciting topics intersect, as it is linked to synchronization, PT symmetry breaking and exceptional points. Here we realize experimentally level attraction in optomechanics. The parametric instability, with a blue-detuned pump, can be seen as a consequence of level attraction. Our system is a electromechanical circuit, with two microwave cavities coupled to the same mechanical oscillator. The latter is damped with the auxiliary microwave mode, in order to have a dissipation rate commensurate with that of the main microwave mode. Only in this regime can one observe level attraction between the microwave and mechanical modes, which we contrast with previously demonstrated level repulsion. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
S13.00006: Bidirectional microwave-mechanical-optical transducer in a dilution refrigerator Peter S. Burns, Andrew P. Higginbotham, Robert W. Peterson, Maxwell D. Urmey, Nir S. Kampel, Timothy Menke, Katarina Cicak, Raymond. W. Simmonds, Cindy A. Regal, Konrad W. Lehnert Transferring quantum states between microwave and optical networks would be a powerful resource for quantum communication and computation. Our approach is to simultaneously couple one mode of a micromechanical oscillator to a resonant microwave circuit and a high-finesse optical cavity. Building on previous work demonstrating bidirectional and efficient classical conversion at 4 K (1), a new microwave-to-optical transducer is operated at 0.1 K and preparations are underway to operate it in the quantum regime. To improve transfer efficiency, we characterize and implement wireless microwave access to the converter chip. Transfer efficiency of the device is measured, and loss in the LC circuit due to laser light is characterized. \\ \\ (1) Andrews, R. W., et. al. Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light. Nature Physics, 10, 321–326 (2014). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
S13.00007: Reservoir-engineered bosonic entanglement using a single reservoir Mikhail Mamaev, Aashish Clerk Using engineered dissipation is a novel and effective tool for generating and stabilizing entanglement in bosonic systems, with applications to traditional AMO systems, optomechanical systems and superconducting quantum circuits. Standard approaches rely on the use of two non-locally coupled reservoirs, something that can be challenging to implement experimentally. We present an alternative approach that can accomplish the same task with the use of just a single reservoir, realized in a system having two tunnel-coupled bosonic modes and local parametric driving. Our scheme can generate pure entangled states with in principle arbitrarily high amounts of entanglement. It also differs from previous single-reservoir approaches to entanglement. We discuss possible implementations of our scheme in both optomechanical systems and superconducting circuits. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
S13.00008: Multi-Emitter Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics in Solid State Systems Marina Radulaski, Kevin Fischer, Konstantinos Lagoudakis, Jingyuan Linda Zhang, Jelena Vuckovic Nanophotonic devices, such as ultrafast single photon sources and optical switches, are the building blocks of scalable quantum optical circuits and quantum cryptographic systems. Their operation has been based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) in solid state platforms where a single ($N=$1) quasi-atomic emitter is strongly coupled to a nanoresonator. We have recently developed photonic devices in silicon carbide and diamond substrates that incorporate color centers as emitters. Low inhomogeneous broadening in nanofabricated structures brings us close to experimentally reaching the multi-emitter ($N$\textgreater 1) strong CQED coupling regime, which would unveil novel interference effects and scale device operation rates by $\surd N$. To model such systems, we have developed an extension to the Tavis-Cummings Hamiltonian, nominally representing $N$ atoms in a cavity, to capture the dynamics of an ensemble of nonidentical solid state emitters coupled to a nanoresonator. Analyzing collective interaction effects, we find new opportunities pertaining to color center hosts substrates with low strain. We also study the system's subpoissonian photon statistics and find interference effects that result in superior single photon emission. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
S13.00009: Tuning the Photon Statistics of a Strongly Coupled Nanophotonic System C Dory, K A Fischer, K M\"uller, K G Lagoudakis, T Sarmiento, A Rundquist, J L Zhang, Y Kelaita, N V Sapra, J Vu{\v{c}}kovi{\'{c}} Strongly coupled quantum-dot-photonic-crystal cavity systems provide a nonlinear ladder of hybridized light-matter states, which are a promising platform for non-classical light generation. The transmission of light through such systems enables light generation with tunable photon counting statistics. By detuning the frequencies of quantum emitter and cavity, we can tune the transmission of light to strongly enhance either single- or two-photon emission processes. However, these nanophotonic systems show a strongly dissipative nature and classical light obscures any quantum character of the emission. In this work, we utilize a self-homodyne interference technique combined with frequency-filtering to overcome this obstacle. This allows us to generate emission with a strong two-photon component in the multi-photon regime, where we measure a second-order coherence value of $g^{(2)}[0]~=~1.490~\pm~0.034$. We propose rate equation models that capture the dominant processes of emission both in the single- and multi-photon regimes and support them by quantum-optical simulations that fully capture the frequency filtering of emission from our solid-state system. Finally, we simulate a third-order coherence value of $g^{(3)}[0]~=~0.872~\pm~0.021$. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
S13.00010: Giant photon gain in large-scale quantum circuit-QED systems: Diagrammatic non-equilibrium Green's function approach Bijay Agarwalla, Manas Kulkarni, Shaul Mukamel, Dvira Segal Motivated by recent experiments on the generation of coherent light in engineered hybrid quantum systems, we investigate gain in a microwave photonic cavity coupled to quantum dot structures and develop concrete directions for achieving a giant amplification in photon transmission by employing the Keldysh NEGF technique [1]. We propose two architectures for scaling up the electronic gain medium: (i) N double-quantum-dot systems and (ii) M quantum dots arranged in series akin to a quantum cascade laser setup. In both setups, the fermionic reservoirs are voltage biased, and the quantum dots are coupled to a single-mode cavity. Optical amplification is explained based on a sum rule for the transmission function, and it is determined by an intricate competition between two different processes: charge-density response in the gain medium and cavity losses to input and output ports [2]. The same design principle is also responsible for the corresponding giant amplification in other photonic observables, mean photon number, and emission spectrum, thereby realizing a quantum device that behaves as a giant microwave amplifier. \\ [1] Agarwalla et al, Phys. Rev. B 94, 035434 (2016) \\ [2] Agarwalla et al, Phys. Rev. B 94, 121305(R) (2016). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
S13.00011: Modulating the amplitude and phase of the complex spectral degree of coherence with plasmonic interferometry Dongfang Li, Domenico Pacifici The spectral degree of coherence describes the correlation of electromagnetic fields, which plays a key role in many applications, including free-space optical communications and speckle-free bioimaging. Recently, plasmonic interferometry, i.e. optical interferometry that employs surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), has enabled enhanced light transmission and high-sensitivity biosensing, among other applications. It offers new ways to characterize and engineer electromagnetic fields using nano-structured thin metal films. Here, we employ plasmonic interferometry to demonstrate full control of spatial coherence at length scales comparable to the wavelength of the incident light. Specifically, by measuring the diffraction pattern of several double-slit plasmonic structures~etched on a metal film, the amplitude and phase of the degree of spatial coherence is determined as a function of slit-slit separation distance and incident wavelength. When the SPP contribution is turned on (i.e., by changing the polarization of the incident light from TE to TM illumination mode), strong modulation of both amplitude and phase of the spatial coherence is observed. These findings may help design compact modulators of optical spatial coherence and other optical elements to shape the light intensity in the far-field. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
S13.00012: Quantum Technologies for LIGO Antonios Kontos, MIT LIGO Laboratory, Eugene S. Potzik, Farid Y. Khalili In the near future, the sensitivity of Advanced LIGO will be limited by quantum noise at all frequency bands. Advanced LIGO is already limited by shot noise above ~100 Hz. As the laser power is increased, quantum radiation pressure noise will dominate the noise budget at frequencies below ~100 Hz. Advanced LIGO will then be a truly quantum limited experiment. The quest to map out the gravitational wave sky is an endeavor that requires us to push the standard limit of quantum measurement. The first quantum technology that will be implemented is the injection of squeezed vacuum, where the vacuum state of the electromagnetic field is manipulated in order to reduce phase noise at the antisymmetric port of the interferometer. Proof of principle experiments have shown that we can reduce shot noise by up to 15 dB! Frequency-dependent squeezing can allow for broadband improvement at all frequencies, where shot noise or radiation pressure noise dominate. Alternative back-action evasion approaches are also being studied, with an eye toward ease of implementation, cost effectiveness, and even better noise performance. In this talk, I will describe some approaches to mitigate quantum noise, and present the status of experiments for testing these ideas. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 16, 2017 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
S13.00013: Superconducting Qubits and Propagating Magnons A. F. van Loo, R. G. E. Morris, S. Kosen, A. D. Karenowska Magnetism has been studied intensively since the dawn of physics. Though we have known for a century that it is a phenomenon that eludes explanation in classical terms, to date, experimental studies in some areas of magnetism have been undertaken almost exclusively at high temperatures, where their underlying microscopic quantum mechanisms cannot be probed. One such area is the study of the microwave-frequency magnetic excitations known as magnons. Recently, work on magnonic resonators and superconducting qubits has revealed it is possible to create single excitations and magnetization Fock states inside a magnonic resonator\footnote{D.~Lachance-Quirion \textit{et al.}, \textbf{arXiv}:1610.00839v1}. Here, we discuss the coupling of propagating magnons in a thin-film yttrium iron garnet (YIG) waveguide to superconducting qubits. Experiments in such systems are expected to answer questions in magnetism concerning the quantum physics of single magnons, as well as enable the use of these slowly propagating excitations in new devices for quantum information processing. [Preview Abstract] |
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