Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2010
Volume 55, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2010; Portland, Oregon
Session X2: Quantum Simulation of Strongly Correlated Systems with Cold Atoms in Optical Lattices |
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Sponsoring Units: DCMP Chair: Allan Griffin, University of Toronto Room: Oregon Ballroom 202 |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 2:30PM - 3:06PM |
X2.00001: The Roads to Quantum Simulation: Ultra-low Temperatures Regime and ``Quantum Many Body Precision Measurement" Invited Speaker: The current worldwide effort to use cold atoms in optical lattices to simulate strongly correlated electron systems, referred to as Quantum Simulation, is a highly ambitious program in cold atom physics. Its success requires reaching temperatures far below nano Kelvin. Cooling to such low temperatures is the greatest challenge confronting this program. At the same time, to realize the full power of Quantum Simulation, one needs to find ways to deduce the equilibrium properties of homogenous systems from the data of trapped gases. In this talk, we shall discuss methods to achieve these goals. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 3:06PM - 3:42PM |
X2.00002: Synthetic quantum many-body systems with local and global interactions Invited Speaker: The challenge for the research field of quantum gases is to gain distinctive and new insights into quantum many-body physics -- and, if possible, to answer long-standing questions of an underlying model or to create many-body systems of an entirely new character. The talk will report on quantitative experiments with fermions in optical lattices and a quantum phase transition in an open many-body system with global interactions. Recent measurements on the Fermi-Hubbard model and comparison with theoretical calculations allow us to quantify the entropy and temperature in the approach to magnetic order. Studying a Bose-Einstein condensate in an ultrahigh-finesse optical cavity under transverse pumping, we observe that the superfluid self-organizes into an emergent checkerboard pattern above a critical pump power. When entering this self organized phase, the gas initially maintains phase coherence and can thus be regarded as a supersolid. The underlying quantum phase transition is described by the Dicke model. Over a wide range of parameters, the phase boundary is mapped out. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 3:42PM - 4:18PM |
X2.00003: Quantum Gas Microscope -- A Next Generation Quantum Simulator Invited Speaker: Ultracold atoms give the unique opportunity to experimentally realize and study increasingly complex many-body quantum systems. One approach is to employ large samples of ultracold atoms and, for example, carry out quantum simulations of condensed-matter models. The opposite approach is to assemble quantum information systems with full control over all degrees of freedom, atom by atom, ion by ion. I will present work in which we have created a quantum gas microscope that bridges between these two worlds. Thousands of individual atoms are detected with near-unity fidelity on individual sites of a Hubbard regime optical lattice. In addition, the single site addressability can be used for creating arbitrary potential landscapes and for local atom manipulation. This novel approach opens many new possibilities for quantum simulations and quantum information applications. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 4:18PM - 4:54PM |
X2.00004: Spin-Imbalance in a One-Dimensional Fermi Gas Invited Speaker: Ultracold atomic gases are versatile, highly-controllable systems that are well-suited for explorations of complex many-body phenomena. Physical parameters such as interaction strength, temperature, density, and dimensionality are readily tunable. I will discuss experiments on the pairing of $^6$Li, a composite fermion, where tunable interactions enable the realization of the BEC-BCS crossover. We have performed experiments with spin-1/2 fermions with unequal spin populations in both 3D and in 1D geometries. In 3D, we find phase separation between a fully paired core and the surrounding unpaired atoms. A two-dimensional optical lattice is imposed on the atoms in order to confine them in an array of effectively one-dimensional tubes. Phase separation also occurs in 1D, but in contrast to 3D the central core is always partially polarized, while the outer wings are either fully paired or fully polarized, depending on the overall degree of spin polarization. We find good agreement between the experimentally observed densities and those calculated by Bethe ansatz. Theory predicts that the partially polarized phase is the elusive Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO) modulated superfluid state, where the pairs have non-zero momentum. I will discuss our progress in directly detecting the pair momentum. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, March 18, 2010 4:54PM - 5:30PM |
X2.00005: Quantum Simulation of Frustrated Ising Spins with Trapped Ions Invited Speaker: Trapped atomic ions are among the most promising candidates for quantum information hardware, with entangling quantum gates available through state-dependent laser forces applied to individual ions in a Coulomb crystal. When such a laser force is applied globally, an effective spin-spin interaction emerges whose sign and range can be precisely controlled with the laser, and any possible spin correlation function can be measured with standard state-dependent fluorescence techniques. This allows the quantum simulation of interesting spin models that possess nontrivial ground states, the investigation of the relationship between frustration and entanglement, and the potential to calculate features of spin models that cannot be predicted classically. I will review recent experiments along these lines with a few ions, and speculate how this might be scaled to one hundred or more spins. [Preview Abstract] |
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