Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS March Meeting 2010
Volume 55, Number 2
Monday–Friday, March 15–19, 2010; Portland, Oregon
Session B14: Focus Session: Electrodynamics of Metamaterials |
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Sponsoring Units: DMP GMAG Chair: Roberto Merlin, University of Michigan Room: B113 |
Monday, March 15, 2010 11:15AM - 11:27AM |
B14.00001: Persistent Tuning of Metamaterials Dimitri Basov, Tom Driscoll, Massimiliano Di Ventra, Hyun-Tak Kim, Yong Wook Lee, Sabarni Palit, David Smith, Nan Jokerst Methods for real-time tuning (dynamic-tuning) of metamaterial electromagnetic response have received significant attention as a possible approach to alleviate limitations associated with bandwidth in metamaterials. In a dynamic-tuning configuration, an applied stimulus induces some temporary change in the metamaterial properties -- altering the metamaterial response as long as the stimulus remains. In this talk, we discuss results from a SRR-VO$_{2}$ hybrid metamaterial which exhibits electrically-controlled persistent tuning.\footnote{T.Driscoll et.al. Science. 325, 1518 (2009)} Persistent tuning allows lasting modification to the metamaterial response using a transient stimulus. Such ability is highly desirable in consideration of potential metamaterial applications, such as reconfigurable optics. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 11:27AM - 11:39AM |
B14.00002: Reconfigurable Terahertz Metamaterials H. Tao, A.C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, W.J. Padilla, X. Zhang, R.D. Averitt We have fabricated arrays of gold split ring resonators on 400 nm thick silicon nitride films where each individual unit cell is a free-standing cantilever. The fabricated metamaterials are resonant at terahertz frequencies. Through temperature tuning, the orientation of the SRRs can be precisely controlled. This, in turn, provides direct control of the electromagnetic response enabling independent access and tuning of the electric and magnetic properties. Such adaptive structures serve as the starting point for the development of a host of new functional electromagnetic devices which take advantage of designed and tunable anisotropy [1]. \\[4pt] [1] H. Tao, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{103}, 147401 (2009). [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 11:39AM - 11:51AM |
B14.00003: Broad Band Absorber Based on Metamaterials Timothy D. Corrigan, H.D. Drew, R.J. Phaneuf, Paul Kolb We describe a near perfect broad band absorber based on a laterally nanostructured multilayer material. We present calculations of the structure that demonstrates over 98{\%} absorption over a wide frequency range around the 300 K black body spectrum. We also show that a nanostructured metamaterial allows us to tailor the index of refraction using effective medium theory, with further improvement of the absorption characteristics to over 99{\%} over the same frequency range. The absorber can be adapted for use in any frequency range and any source type. These materials may have applications in~energy harvesting and~scattered light control. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 11:51AM - 12:27PM |
B14.00004: Subpicosecond optical switching with a negative index metamaterial Invited Speaker: Metamaterials are novel class of materials engineered at the nanoscale to exhibit exotic linear properties of light like negative index of refraction, superlensing and optical cloaking. Recent attempts have been made to actively modulate or control these exotic linear properties via external stimuli like voltage, heat and electromagnetic pulses. Here, we fabricate a fishnet structure metamaterial device exhibiting two negative index resonances in the near-IR. With ultrafast pulses in the visible, we modulate (and recover) the optical properties of the metamaterial in 600 femtoseconds. We demonstrate the utility of this device as an ultrafast all-optical modulator for telecommunication, with a response time two orders of magnitude faster than previously reported. The device is nanoscale, allowing for easy integration into other photonic devices; and structurally tunable over the near-IR. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 12:27PM - 12:39PM |
B14.00005: Active Control of Surface Plasmonics with Ferroelectricity Xiaoying Xu, Nahla A. Abu-Hatab, Maria Claudia Troparevsky, Quanshi Li, Lifeng Yin, Katyayani Seal, Zhili Zhang, Baohua Gu, Zhenyu Zhang, Jian Shen Surface plasmons occur when the conduction electrons at a metal/dielectric interface resonantly interact with external electromagnetic fields, which has been limited to static (passive) structures. However, the most exciting applications of plasmonic phenomena occur in the visible spectral range with active control of the plasmonic response. In this work, we studied the fundamental mechanisms leading to active control of the plasmonic response in the visible range using ferroelectric materials. The great tunability of polarity and dielectric constant at the interface between LuFe2O4 and Au particles offers effective control of surface plasmonics,which could be easily monitored Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 12:39PM - 12:51PM |
B14.00006: A Perfect Electromagnetic Cavity: High Quality Factor in Subwavelength Dimensions Vincent Ginis, Philippe Tassin, Costas M. Soukoulis, Irina Veretennicoff Transformation optics has recently provided a new way to look at the interaction between light and matter. It uses the analogy between the macroscopic Maxwell's equations in complex dielectrics and the free-space Maxwell's equations on the background of an arbitrary metric to exploit the full potential of metamaterials, of which the most exciting examples are invisibility cloaks. In this contribution, we want to show how transformation optics can be applied to design a cavity with extraordinary properties. We have demonstrated theoretically the existence of eigenmodes whose wavelength is much larger than the characteristic dimensions of the cavity. Furthermore, our design avoids the bending losses observed in traditional microcavities, so that the quality factor is only limited by intrinsic absorption of the materials. Such a ``perfect cavity'' may be interesting for applications involving optical data storage or quantum optics, where it can be used to control the rate of spontaneous emission through the Purcell effect. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 12:51PM - 1:03PM |
B14.00007: Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of chrome-doped indium oxide for negative index optics Mark Hickey, Adil-Gerai Kussow, Alkim Akyurtlu The study of negative refractive index has almost become almost synonymous with metamaterials comprising composites of metals and dielectrics. These inhomogeneous systems suffer from high losses and are limited in their scope of application due to the macroscopic nature of their fabrication. We focus on homogeneous materials of single crystals based on indium oxide, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We identify all of the cubic bixbyite X-ray diffraction peaks in this high quality material and verify the stochiometry with energy dispersive X-ray scattering. We have achieved carrier concentrations of $\sim $ 3.5 x10$^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$ and band gaps in the range $\sim $ 3.2 eV in our intrinsic films at room temperature. Our Cr-doped indium oxide In$_{2-x}$Cr$_{x}$O$_{3}$ on Si and Sapphire show ferromagnetism at mole fractions of x=0.03 up to x=0.5. We examine the conditions under which negative refraction in the region of a magnon resonance near 10 THz is proposed to take place. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 1:03PM - 1:15PM |
B14.00008: Superresolution Imaging Using a 3D Nanolens Made Up of Bulk Nanowires Metamaterials Bernard Didier Frederic Casse, Wentao Lu, Yongjian Huang, Evin Gultepe, Latika Menon, Srinivas Sridhar We report superresolution imaging of large objects, having sub-$\lambda$ features, over significant distances ($>>\lambda$, wavelength) with a resolution well below the diffraction limit in optics, using a metallic nanolens. The metallic nanolens is composed of high aspect ratio gold nanowires embedded in disordered porous alumina template matrix. This composite medium possesses strongly anisotropic optical properties with negative permittivity in the nanowire axis direction, which enables negative refraction, and transports both far-field and near-field components with minimal distortions and with very lowattenuations. The long-distance image transport mechanism is not based on resonances of materials parameters and thus the subwavelength imaging occurs with low loss (Figure-of-merit (FOM) $=Re(n)/Im(n)\sim12$ (much higher than existing metamaterials)) and in a broad spectral range. This nanolens not only exhibits superior optical properties over existing metamaterials-based lenses, but can also be manufactured in large scale (mm size), thereby offering significant potential for applications in optical storage devices, nanolithography and biomedical imaging. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 1:15PM - 1:27PM |
B14.00009: Negative refractive index in doped semiconductors Adil-Gerai Kussow, Alkim Akyurtlu Based on methods of Quantum Optics, the possibility of achieving the negative index of refraction in a semiconductor with donor-like impurity is discussed. The quantum states of hydrogen-like donor atom and states of an electron in the conduction band constitute a discrete-level atomic medium within the optical range. The coherent coupling of an electric dipole transition with a magnetic dipole transition leads to permeability and permittivity responses and, within some frequency band, ensures the negative refractive index. The magnetic moment between two quasi-atomic states separated by optical frequencies is induced by the low-frequency e.m. field. The implementation of this scheme is carried out in tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and calculations show feasibility of this effect within a broad bandwidth with a high figure of merit $\sim$10. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 1:27PM - 1:39PM |
B14.00010: Low-frequency surface plasmon excitations in multicoaxial negative-index metamaterial cables Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Manvir Kushwaha By using an elegant response function theory, which does not require matching of the messy boundary conditions, we investigate the surface plasmon excitations in the multicoaxial cylindrical cables made up of negative-index metamaterials. The multicoaxial cables with {\em dispersive} metamaterial components exhibit rather richer (and complex) plasmon spectrum with each interface supporting two modes: one TM and the other TE for (the integer order of the Bessel function) $m \ne 0$. The cables with {\em nondispersive} metamaterial components bear a different tale: they do not support simultaneously both TM and TE modes over the whole range of propagation vector. The computed local and total density of states enable us to substantiate spatial positions of the modes in the spectrum. Such quasi-one dimensional systems as studied here should prove to be the milestones of the emerging optoelectronics and telecommunications systems. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 1:39PM - 1:51PM |
B14.00011: Equivalent Theory and Determination of Effective Permittivity and Permeability of Metamaterials Simin Feng Most electromagnetic metamaterials are fabricated layer-by-layer. This renders metamaterials intrinsically anisotropic. It is difficult to retrieve bulk material parameters through a single layer of unit cells. It has been found that retrieved material parameters often depend on the thickness of the sample due to coupling between layers. To efficiently characterize metamaterials, it is of prime importance to accurately retrieve material parameters through a single layer of unit cells. In this talk, we apply equivalent theory to general design criteria of metamaterials unit cell and material parameters extraction. Currently popular retrieving method (Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002)) often encounters antiresonance phenomenon. We introduce a new technique to retrieve effective metematerial parameters. Our method is based on the traditional retrieving method (Phys. Rev. B 65, 195104 (2002)), however, our method not only can resolve the longstanding antiresonance mystery, but also can determine ordinary and extraordinary permittivities and permeabilities simultaneously. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 1:51PM - 2:03PM |
B14.00012: Optical Spin-Orbit Coupling in Dirac Metamaterials Andrew Cook, Jens N\"{o}ckel We explore hypothetical metamaterial cavities in which ``optical spin-orbit coupling'' of continuous vector electromagnetic fields can be made nearly isospectral to electron spin-orbit coupling in the hydrogen atom. 4 by 4 matrix formulations of Maxwell's equations suggest that certain simultaneous variations of $\epsilon$ and $\mu$ make Maxwell's equations very similar the Dirac equation; we call such systems ``Dirac metamaterials.'' We present solutions to Maxwell's eqns. in hydrogen-like cavities and discuss the semiclassical meaning of various perturbation terms including the $\mathbf{L}\cdot{}\mathbf{S}$ coupling term and a Darwin-like term. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, March 15, 2010 2:03PM - 2:15PM |
B14.00013: Switching the Electric and Magnetic Responses in a Metamaterial Mu Wang, Xiang Xiong, Wei-Hua Sun, Yong-Jun Bao, Ru-Wen Peng, Cheng Sun The electric and magnetic responses of a system are usually characterized by permittivity and permeability, which depend not only on the intrinsic structure of the material, but also on the polarization of incident light. Yet studies so far concentrate most on finding new geometries to achieve desired electric and magnetic responses, and very few reserches have been done on the role of external excitation fields. We demonstrate in this presentation that in an assembly of stacked metallic U-shaped resonators, pure magnetic and electric responses are realized respectively, and the magnetic and electric responses can be switched at the same frequency by changing the polarization of incident light for 90 degrees. This unique feature originates from the topological symmetry of the structure. We suggest that this property opens a new gateway to construct metamaterial with tunable permittivity and permeability. [Preview Abstract] |
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