Bulletin of the American Physical Society
6th Joint Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics and the Physical Society of Japan
Sunday–Friday, November 26–December 1 2023; Hawaii, the Big Island
Session C03: Minisymposium: Novel Materials and Manufacturing Processes for Nuclear Physics Detectors |
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Chair: Daniel Bazin, Michigan State University Room: Hilton Waikoloa Village Kings 3 |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 7:00PM - 7:30PM |
C03.00001: Advances in Radiation Detector Materials Invited Speaker: Michael T Febbraro Plastic scintillators are one of the most widely used detection materials in nuclear and particle physics experiments. Their reliability, simplicity, and low-cost, make them the material of choice for many applications. Recent advances in photocurable plastics scintillators have opened the door for 3D printing of these materials into simple to highly complex geometries. Their formulations made them an attractive base material for addition of a wide range of dopants such as boron and lithium, enhancing their detection capability. They also provide a near contactless manufacturing technique which is desirable for rare-event experiments such as neutrinoless double beta decay. In this talk, I will present on the development of photocurable scintillating resins for 3D printing of plastic scintillators. Resin methodology, how 3D printing is done, characterization of photocured scintillators, and their potential applications to experimental nuclear physics will be discussed. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 7:30PM - 7:45PM |
C03.00002: Development of a new high-resolution neutron detector to study exotic nuclei. Shree Neupane, Joseph Heideman, Robert Grzywacz, Noritaka Kitamura An efficient neutron detection system with good energy resolution is required to correctly characterize decays of neutron-rich nuclei where beta-delayed neutron emission is a dominant decay mode. Precision neutron spectroscopy instrumentation is essential to probe nuclear structure effects in neutron-rich nuclei in new-generation radioactive beam facilities. A new high-resolution detector system, Neutron dEtector with Xn Tracking(NEXT), was constructed, characterized, and tested in decay and reaction experiments. Its essential capability is the interaction position localization, which improves energy resolution without compromising detection efficiency in the neutron time-of-flight measurement. Neutron-gamma discrimination capability of NEXT allows for performing experiments even in high background conditions. The first measurements were performed with beta-delayed neutron emitters using a small array of NEXT at Argonne National Laboratory(ANL) and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory(NSCL). The detector concept, design, and results from the first measurements will be presented. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 7:45PM - 8:00PM |
C03.00003: A new photocurable scintillator fabrication capability at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Darren L Bleuel, Michael T Febbraro, Juan Manfredi, Gregory Rose, Adriana Sweet In recent years, novel methods have emerged in the fabrication of neutron-detecting organic scintillators. For example, fast UV-photocurable scintillating plastics can be made to create customized geometries through additive manufacturing or simple molding techniques. Layering volumes with variable proportions of wavelength shifters can add position-dependent detection capabilities. Advances in position sensitivity, timing resolution, or recoil angle identification enabled by these techniques would benefit a number of fields, including specific interests in neutron resonance characterization from beta-n decays and low-energy extension of neutron spectral measurements at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's (LBNL) GENESIS inelastic neutron scattering facility. To investigate these new techniques in combination with lithiation to provide low-energy neutron detection, a new fabrication workstation has been assembled at LBNL's 88-Inch Cyclotron, initially by duplicating existing capabilities at the Air Force Institute of Technology and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The photon- and neutron-induced light yield response from the first scintillators produced by this new facility will be presented and plans for future research discussed. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 8:00PM - 8:15PM |
C03.00004: Organic Glass Scintillators as a Platform for Configurable Radiation Detectors Patrick L Feng, Nicholas Myllenbeck, Ryan Witzke, Annabelle Benin, Urmila Shirwadkar Organic Glass Scintillators (OGSs) comprise organic small molecules that exhibit stable amorphous properties. Prior work has shown that these materials can provide excellent particle discrimination properties, very fast timing resolution, and scintillation light yields that exceed trans-stilbene single crystals. In this contribution, we will describe the thermomechanical and radiation detection properties of OGSs that are relevant to nuclear physics applications. This includes the configuration of OGSs into specific detector geometries such as high aspect-ratio elements, optical fibers, segmented arrays, and monolithic optical waveguides. Compositional considerations for multi-functional OGS formulations will be provided in the context of fast timing resolution, neutron/gamma discrimination, thermal neutron capture, gamma-ray spectroscopy, and radiation hardness. An OGS-based prototype detector for the Low-Energy Neutron Detector Array (LENDA) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) will be described as a specific case study. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 8:15PM - 8:30PM |
C03.00005: Developments in Phosphor Screen Detectors for Proton Radiography and Ultra-Cold Neutrons. Christopher L Morris Although the scales of thickness needed for detectors for proton imaging for proton radiography and for detecting Ultra-Cold Neutrons (UCN) are very different these seemingly disparate applications have some requirements in common. Both applications require fast phosphors with low afterglow. Thick large-grain phosphor screens have proven to have advantages over monolithic scintillators for proton imaging. The development of these has led to improved options for UCN detection, particular for the UCNt experiment. Screens have been constructed and tested from granular ZnS(Ag), LYSO(Ce), BGO, YAlO3. Results from these tests and performance of some of these in proton imaging and UCN detection will be presented. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 8:30PM - 8:45PM |
C03.00006: New Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators With Bright Core-valence Luminescence Daniel Rutstrom, Luis Stand, Maciej Kapusta, Charles L Melcher, Mariya Zhuravleva The design of future calorimeters for high energy physics (HEP) experiments will pose many technical challenges due to the extreme environments under which radiation detectors must operate. Avoiding pulse pileup in such high count rate applications is critical and requires detector materials with ultrafast decay times. Here we present new inorganic single crystal scintillators with potential use in fast timing applications. Compounds from the CsCl-ZnCl2 and CsCl-MgCl2 systems are explored due to their favorable electronic properties allowing for observation of ultrafast core-valence luminescence (CVL). So far, Cs2ZnCl4 has been one of the most promising candidates, with a single-component decay time of 1.7 ns and light yield around 2,000 ph/MeV (at 662 keV). Practical benefits include its non-hygroscopicity, low melting point (<600 °C), and ability to be grown in large sizes (>1 inch diameter) by the Bridgman method. Compositional engineering is also investigated to optimize the ratio of light yield to decay time. We find that doping Mg-containing crystals with Zn improves light yield by up to 60% without lengthening decay times. The combination of speed and brightness of these novel materials, along with the absence of slow decay components, makes them attractive alternatives to other scintillators being considered for fast timing applications. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 8:45PM - 9:00PM |
C03.00007: Characterization of large band gap semiconductors for a Cherenkov radiator at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams Paul Gueye, Yamina Bennour, Esidor Ntsoenzok, Jacques Botsoa, Nicole Doumit, Anna Brandl, Justin Schmitz, Emily Holman, Sara Tatreau, Thomas Baumann The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) started operation in May 2022, opening a new era for the study of rare isotopes for nuclear science research. Some of the experimental areas will have a short flight path to separate some of the reactions products, namely the charged fragments. We are investigating the development and performance of a novel Cherenkov detector using a large band gap semiconductor as a radiator for the MoNA Collaboration to complement the list of ancillary detectors to improve the particle identification process. The characterization of various semiconductors (Diamond, SiC and GaN) is performed by materials physicists from the CEMHTI/CNRS research center of Orleans in France. The study involves the implantation at 2 MeV protons at different fluences (1012 ions/cm2 through 1017 ions/cm2) and the use of two simulation tools, SRIM and Geant4, to evaluate the hydrogen concentration depth and defect concentration profiles. In order to complement and extend the simulation results, characterizations using Raman Spectroscopy, UV-visible [list the other techniques] provided structural understanding of the materials under the different fluences and absorption spectra to identify an appropriate candidate. We will present and discuss the results obtained from this study. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 9:00PM - 9:15PM |
C03.00008: The measurement for radiation tolerance of p-type Si sensor for ALICE FoCal detector Taichi Inukai, Motoi INABA, Tatsuya Chujo, Yuji Goto, Yasuo WAKABAYASHI, Tomohiro KOBAYASHI, Jonghan PARK, Yuka SASAKI, Subaru ITO, Keita OKUI, Koushirou YODA The Forward Calorimeter (FoCal) detector is scheduled for installing in the ALICE experiment for the LHC-Run4 upgrade (2029-2032). The FoCal consists of the FoCal-E (Electromagnetic Calorimeter) and the FoCal-H (Hadronic Calorimeter). The FoCal-E is a detector based on a Si sensor and tungsten to measure direct photons at forward rapidity. The radiation dose expected in Run4 is up to1.0×1014neq/cm2, requiring high radiation tolerance. In the FoCal-E detector, a p-type sensor is considered to be used instead of the conventional n-type sensor. This is because p-type sensors are relatively easy to handle at high radiation doses, as there is no "type inversion", which happens for n-type sensors around 1012neq/cm2. Furthermore, p-type sensors are more attractive due to their higher radiation tolerance up to 1016neq/cm2. In this presentation, we summarize the I-V and C-V characteristics for p-type sensors for FoCal-E irradiated with about 1014neq/cm2 at the RIKEN RANS (RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact Neutron Systems) in Japan and report on the results of radiation tolerance. |
Tuesday, November 28, 2023 9:15PM - 9:30PM |
C03.00009: Growth and Characterization of Inorganic Perovskite Crystals for Radiation Detection Applications Charles Han, Shea Tonkinson, Alexandria ragsdale, Maya Narayanan Kutty, Ganesh Balakrishnan, Adam A Hecht, Alexander Barzilov Inorganic semiconductor materials such as CsPbBr3 (CPB) and Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) are promising for detection of gamma rays and charge particles at ambient temperature due to a wide bandgap, high mobility-lifetime product, and low density of defects in crystals enabling their long-term stability and large crystal designs. The growth of CBP and CBI crystals from their own melt by Bridgman method using a three-zone vertical furnace with a computer control of temperature gradient between hot zone and cold zone, cooling rate, and a vertical translation of a vacuum-sealed quartz ampoule was studied taking into account phase transformations during the process. The synthesized ingots were processed into wafers using a diamond saw. The wafer surface treatment and polishing procedures, and electrode deposition techniques will be discussed. The perovskite crystals were characterized using the room-temperature and cryogenic photoluminescence, optical and scanning electron microscopy. We will discuss compositional uniformity of crystals characterized using XRD, EDS, and SIMS techniques. Electrical characterization of the CPB and CBI wafers was performed for I-V analysis. |
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