The formation of super rogue waves in space dusty plasmas*

The plasma physicists have rejuvenated the research in the dusty plasma after the confirmation of the presence of dust grains in Saturnian rings by Cassini and Voyager space missions. The deformation of the Debye sphere around the dust in nonuniform plasma is known as polarization force. They found that the difference in positive ion density on either side of negative dust leads to the occurrence of the polarization force.   In this theoretical investigation, we have examined the combined effects of nonthermally revamped polarization force on modulational instability MI of dust acoustic waves DAWs and evolution of different kinds of dust acoustic (DA) breathers in a dusty plasma consisting of negatively charged dust as fluid, Maxwellian electrons, and ions obeying Cairns' nonthermal distribution. The nonthermality of ions has considerably altered the strength of polarization force. By employing the multiple-scale perturbation technique, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation NLSE is derived to study modulational MI instability of dust acoustic waves DAWs.  It is remarked that the outcome of the present theoretical investigation may provide physical insight into understanding the role of nonlinear phenomena for the generation of various types of DA breathers in experiments and different regions of space (e.g., the planetary spoke and cometary tails).