Bulletin of the American Physical Society
73rd Annual Gaseous Electronics Virtual Conference
Volume 65, Number 10
Monday–Friday, October 5–9, 2020; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA.
Session LT1: Poster Session I (4:30pm - 6:30pm)On Demand
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LT1.00001: Characterization of Helium CAP Tubular Source and Investigation of UHMWPE Surface Treatment Jack Turicek, Nicole Ratts, Matey Kaltchev, Nazieh Masoud Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a simple and inexpensive method to produce plasma in ambient air. In this study, optical emission spectroscopy was used to determine plasma species along the plasma plume generated when helium gas flowed through a tubular CAP source. Four positions along the plume were investigated at flowrates of 2, 3, and 5 scfh. Results revealed the plume consisted of a varying composition of excited state species dependent on the location and source flowrate. Identified in the emission spectra was the N 2 Second Positive and First Negative System along with an OH emission at 308 nm. The OH emission, found at the opening of the tube, had a higher intensity as the flowrate increased and was attributed to water condensation on the inner tube surfaces, while the N 2 emission came from the nitrogen of the ambient air. The plasma was used to treat Ultra-High-Molecular- Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), a primary material in joint replacements. Results of the plasma treatment showed a significant increase in roughness, decrease in contact angle, and no substantial change in hardness. These improvements to the adhesion and lubrication properties of the polymer examined point to a better suitable surface for use in artificial joints. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00002: Influence of molecular geometry on positron binding to molecules. J. R. Danielson, S. Ghosh, C. M. Surko The observation of vibrational Feshbach resonances (VFR) in the annihilation spectra of positrons on molecules has provided the strongest evidence to date that positrons can bind to molecules.\footnote{Gribakin, et al., {\it Rev. Mod. Phys.} {\bf 82}, 2557 (2010).} Further, the shift of these resonances relative to the underlying molecular vibrational modes provides a direct measurement of the positron-molecule binding energy, $\epsilon_b$. Here, this technique is used to study the influence of molecular geometry on $\epsilon_b$ by making measurements on isomers and conformers (i.e., molecules with the same atomic constituents but with the atoms rearranged). Since the molecular polarizability and dipole moment are only slightly perturbed (typically $< 2$\%), the largest effect appears to be due geometrical changes. A major result is that more spherical molecules (e.g., iso-propanol) have binding energies that are typically $\sim 10 - 20$\% larger than their chain counterparts (e.g., n-propanol). For molecules with larger molecular dipole moments, and subsequently larger binding energies, this effect is larger. Comparisons of these results to a new model by Swann and Gribakin\footnote{Swann and Gribakin, {\it J. Chem. Phys.} {\bf 149}, 244305 (2018).} will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00003: Deep minima in the Coulomb-Born triply differential cross section for electron and positron ionization of hydrogen and helium C. M. DeMars, S. J. Ward, J. B. Kent Using the Coulomb-Born (CB1) and modified CB1 approximation we have obtained a deep minimum or minima in the triply differential cross section (TDCS) for e$^{\mathrm{-}}$-H, e$^{\mathrm{+}}$-H, e$^{\mathrm{-}}$-He and e$^{\mathrm{+}}$-He ionization [1,2]. At the position of a deep minimum, the CB1 transition matrix element~is zero. Corresponding to a zero in~the CB1 transition matrix element, there is a vortex in the velocity field associated with this element.~Interestingly, we found, for the geometries and the kinematics that we considered, the velocity field rotates in the same direction for e$^{\mathrm{-}}$-H, e$^{\mathrm{+}}$-H and e$^{\mathrm{-}}$-He ionization, but in an opposite direction for e$^{\mathrm{+}}$-He ionization. For e$^{\mathrm{-}}$-He ionization, we varied the incident energy from 44.6 eV to 79.6 eV (in steps of 5 eV) and determined the polar and gun angles [3] for a deep minimum in the TDCS at each incident energy [1]. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00004: Photon Scattering from Alkali Atoms: Rayleigh, Raman, and Photoionization Processes Adam Singor, Dmitry Fursa, Keegan McNamara, Igor Bray Photoionization, Rayleigh and Raman scattering cross sections are of interest for modelling radiative transport, opacities and Raman spectroscopy. We have extended two methods previously developed for photon scattering on hydrogen to scattering on quasi one-electron atoms. These methods are valid for incident photon energies both below and above the ionization threshold. The first of these two methods is the principal value (PV) method, which involves the direct calculation of dipole matrix elements and principal value integration to deal with pole terms that arise for incident photon energies above the ionization threshold. The second method, the complex scaling (CS) method, utilises analytic continuation of the radial coordinates into the complex plane to avoid pole terms from the continuum entirely and does not rely on exact solutions to the Hamiltonian. We present cross sections for Rayleigh, Raman scattering and photoionization for the alkali atoms lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium. The importance of relativistic effects and core polarization to correctly calculating the position of the Cooper-Seaton minimum as well as their overall effect on the cross sections is investigated. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00005: Multiple ionisation of pyrimidine by electron impact -- coincidence measurements of the dissociation of a ``prebiotic'' molecule Lilian Ellis-Gibbings, Eleanor Smith, Stephen D. Price Pyrimidine has long been utilized as a straightforward molecule that displays similar dynamics to the DNA and RNA bases uracil, cytosine, and thymine$^{\mathrm{1}}$. Spectroscopic searches for pyrimidine$^{\mathrm{2}}$ in the interstellar medium are ongoing. Formed \textit{via} ionization in energetic environments, molecular dications often dissociate with high kinetic energy releases. Ion-molecule interactions$^{\mathrm{3}}$ are a significant avenue for research into prebiotic molecule synthesis in the interstellar environment. For its relevance to prebiotic astro-chemistry, we present a study of the electron ionization of pyrimidine with ion-ion coincidence mass spectrometry. Aside from producing accurate branching ratios, the technique can determine precursor-specific partial ionization cross sections and the proportion of multiple ionization processes for a range of electron collision energies (50-200 eV). The coincidence data is unusually rich indicating a high incidence of dissociative double ionization. 100$+$ pairs are seen in the ion-ion coincidence spectrum, from double and triple ionization. 1 L Ellis-Gibbings, AD Bass, P Cloutier, G Garc\'{\i}a, and L Sanche, PCCP. 19, 13038 (2017) 2 ZC Wang, CA Cole, TP Snow, and VM Bierbaum, Astrophys. J. 798, 4 (2015) 3 EF van Dishoeck, in Astrochem. VII - Through Cosm. (2017), pp. 1--20 [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00006: Study of electron avalanches produced by multiphoton ionisation of O$_2$ using the Pulsed Townsend Technique Olmo Gonz$\'{a}$lez-Maga$\~{n}$a, Antonio Marcelo Juarez, Jaime de Urquijo We report the observation of electron swarms using the Pulsed Townsend Technique (PTT), using a 266 nm laser pulse (3 ns) traversing the interelectrode volume and ionising O$_2$ by multiphoton ionization, thereby generating a cathodeless electron avalanche. The resulting measurements of the electron drift velocity, W, and the density-reduced effective ionisation coefficient, $\alpha _{eff} = (\alpha - \eta)/N$, derived from the measured current are compared those obtained with a ''formal'' pulsed Townsend experiment in which the initial photoelectrons are produced by a pulse of UV light on the cathode. The W data tie in fairly well with those measured by the ''formal'' PTT method. Implications of this effect for laser assisted plasma diagnostics and special electron or ion sources will be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00007: Metadata schema and ontologies for FAIR research data in plasma technology Markus M. Becker, Steffen Franke, Detlef Loffhagen, Laura Vilardell Scholten, Fabian Hoppe, Tabea Tietz, H. Sack The findability (F), accessibility (A), interoperability (I), and re-usability (R) of research data are essential and acknowledged factors for an efficient re-use of data, e.g. for data driven science. However, in the field of plasma technology there is currently a lack of common standards and tools to publish data according to these FAIR data principles. To address this issue, the present contribution reports on the development of a modular metadata model for the representation of subject- and method-specific metadata in the field of plasma technology, which is based on the core plasma metadata schema, Plasma-MDS (https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07744). The linking and semantic description of the metadata modules are carried out via ontologies. The developed tools and services are made available via a plasma technology knowledge graph and the data platform https://www.inptdat.de/. They are intended to be reviewed and further developed by the low-temperature plasma community to provide a common basis for open science and research data management according to the FAIR principles. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00008: The LXCat Project Wouter Graef The LXCat project (www.lxcat.net) provides for a means of exchanging, comparing, and manipulating data needed for modeling the charged particle components of low-temperature plasmas (LTP’s). Data presently available on the website include electron-neutral and ion-neutral scattering cross sections, electron and ion swarm parameters, and related quantities. LXCat is structured into databases, contributed and maintained by individual researchers. LXCat does not recommend data, but rather, anyone interested in contributing data is welcome to do so. On-line plotting allows comparisons of different data, and an on-line Boltzmann solver allows for calculations of electron swarm parameters in pure gases and gas mixtures for “complete” sets of available electron-neutral cross sections. The results can be easily compared to measured data present in the database. Members of the LTP community are in the process of improving and extending the functionality of the website. In addition, the extension of the LXCat concept to neutral chemistries is explored. LXCat is a community wide effort with over 50 participants to date. People interested in participating should contact the LXCat team info@lxcat.net [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00009: Benchmark calculations for electron collisions with neutral indium atoms. K. R. Hamilton, O. Zatsarinny, K. Bartschat, D. V. Fursa, I. Bray Cross sections for electron collisions with indium atoms are important for modelling plasmas with indium as a constituent. However, only a few experimental data and previous calculations are currently available, without a thorough uncertainty assessment. As part of a multi-author, multi-institutional collaboration [1] with the goal of recommending a set of cross sections for elastic scattering, momentum transfer, excitation, and ionization for e-In collisions, we carried out extensive relativistic Dirac B-spline R-matrix and convergent close-coupling calculations. Very good agreement between the predictions is obtained, as long as inner-shell excitation or excitation-ionization processes involving the 5s-subshell can be neglected. \hbox{[1]~K.~R.~Hamilton}, O.~Zatsarinny, K.~Bartschat, M.~S.~Rabasovi\'{c}, D.~\v{S}evi\'{c}, B.~P.~Marinkovi\'{c}, S.~Dujko, J.~Atic, D.~V.~Fursa, I.~Bray, R.~P.~McEachran, F.~Blanco, G.~Garc\'{i}a, P.~W.~Stokes, R.~D.~White, and M.~J.~Brunger; in preparation for Phys.\ Rev.~A., J.~Phys.\ Chem.\ Ref.\ Data, Plasma Sources Sci.\ Technol. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00010: Ion mass separation by oscillating electromagnetic fields Amnon Fruchtman, Gennady Makrinich It is shown that if the phase difference between oscillating electric and magnetic field is judiciously chosen, particles are accelerated. Moreover, the direction of acceleration depends on the particle mass, so that species of different mass are accelerated in opposite directions. Two configurations are addressed. One configuration is of a linearly-polarized electric and magnetic fields. In a second configuration, a steady axial magnetic field is added. For an appropriate phase difference, charged particles, the cyclotron frequencies of which lie on the two opposite sides of the cyclotron resonance, are accelerated in opposite directions. Ion collisions with neutrals cause a drift velocity of the ions. Surprisingly, the direction of the drift also depends on mass. Separation of particles of different mass, is a crucial process in a variety of societal applications [1-3]. In contrast to mass separation techniques that use ion cyclotron heating, the process described here does not require delivering a large energy to the ions. 1. W. E. Parkins, Phys. Today \textbf{58}, 45 (2005). 2. J. M. Dawson, \textit{et. al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{37}, 1547 (1976). 3. S. J. Zweben, R. Gueroult, and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Plasmas \textbf{25}, 090901 (2018). [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00011: Reactions of Interstellar Ions O$^+$ and N$_2$H$^+$ with Electrons and Molecules Petr Dohnal, Stepan Roucka, Artem Kovalenko, Dmytro Shapko, Thuy Dung Tran, Serhiy Rednyk, Radek Plasil, Juraj Glosik We present the experimental results of study of reaction rate coefficients for selected reactions of atomic (O$^+$) or molecular (N$_2$H$^+$) ions with hydrogen isotopologues or electrons, respectively. The recombination of N$_2$H$^+$ ions with electrons was studied in the temperature range of 80 -- 350 K using cryogenic stationary afterglow apparatus equipped with cavity ring-down spectrometer. The thermal recombination rate coefficients were evaluated from the time evolutions of number densities of selected rovibrational states of N$_2$H$^+$. The cryogenic 22-pole radiofrequency ion trap was utilized to study the reactions of the ground electronic state of O$^+$ ions with HD in the temperature range of 15 -- 200 K and with D$_2$ in the temperature range of 15 -- 300 K. For the reaction of O$^+$ ions with HD, the product branching ratios for the production of OH$^+$ and OD$^+$ ions were obtained. A careful attention was given to ensure that the obtained reaction rate coefficients pertained to the ground electronic state of O$^+$ ion. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00012: Rotationally-resolved electron scattering on H$_2$ with the molecular convergent close-coupling method Una Rehill, Liam Scarlett, Dmitry Fursa, Igor Bray, Mark Zammit Cross sections for e-H$_2$ scattering are of fundamental importance for modeling fusion, astrophysical, and industrial plasmas. Accurate collisional-radiative modelling requires comprehensive sets of cross sections for electronic, vibrational and rotational excitations. In recent years the molecular convergent close-coupling (MCCC) method has been applied to the e-H$_2$ scattering problem with the goal of producing a complete set of scattering cross sections for all important transitions. Electronic and vibrationally resolved cross sections have been calculated previously, and now the MCCC method is utilized to generate rotationally-resolved cross sections. Previous research has seen reasonable agreement between theory and experiment for low-lying rotational excitations of H$_2$ without electronic excitation, but there is little data available for simultaneous electronic and rovibrational excitation. In this talk we present results for rovibrational excitation of the ground and low-lying excited electronic states, including the $B~^1\Sigma_u^+$ and $C~^1\Pi_u$ states which are of interest in astrophysical applications, and the $d~^3\Pi_u$ state which has garnered significant attention due to its importance in Fulcher-$\alpha$ band spectroscopy. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00013: Generation of Phase Controlled Current Patterns Using a Spatial Light Modulator Kamalesh Jana, Shawn Sederberg, Katherine Herperger, Paul Corkum Generation of controlled current on an ultrafast timescale underpins numerous applications such as THz generation and, as we will show, the generation of intense, THz magnetic impulse. The phase difference between a fundamental beam and its second harmonic determines the amplitude as well as the direction of the generated current [1]. We present measurements of spatial distribution of photocurrent in low temperature gallium arsenide (Lt-GaAs). Two femtosecond laser pulses, one a circularly polarized fundamental (1482 nm) and the other a linearly polarized second harmonic (741 nm) were used to drive the current in the GaAs. The phase of the second harmonic pulse is controlled at each 20 \textmu m pixel of a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM). The transverse phase pattern of the second harmonic pulse is transferred to the current distribution in the GaAs. By introducing different phase patterns to the SLM we generate reconfigurable current patterns in GaAs and, as a result, complex magnetic field distributions. The same idea is applicable to gases to generate arbitrary current patterns. In fact, it is possible to drive much larger current in gases with high ionization potential as they withstand very high electric field [2]. Our measurement provides a novel and robust way to generate structured THz beam and magnetic field pulses which find many applications in optoelectronics, spintronics and imaging. 1. E. Dupont et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3596 (1995). 2. S. Sederberg et al. Phys. Rev. X 34, 011063 (2020). [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00014: Semiclassical Theory of Laser-Assisted Radiative Recombination Ilya Fabrikant, Harindranath Ambalampitiya We study the process of laser-assisted radiative recombination of low-energy electrons with positive ions by using a semiclassical approach involving calculation of classical trajectories in combined laser and Coulomb fields. We assume the initial velocity vector to be parallel to the laser polarization. Due to chaotic scattering in the combined fields [1], the radiation probability as a function of the impact parameter and the constant phase of the linearly-polarized laser field exhibits fractal structures similar to those observed in bremsstrahlung [2]. We obtain a strong enhancement of the recombination cross section as compared to the laser-free case due to the Coulomb focusing effect. For sufficiently low incident electron velocities, in the range 0.1-0.2 a.u., the cross section becomes infinite, and we limit it by assuming a finite laser pulse duration of about 5-10 ps. With this assumption we obtain the gain factor for capture into the ground state of the hydrogen atom of about 220 for infrared fields ranging in intensity between 2 GW/cm$^2$ and 1 TW/cm$^2$. [1] L. Wiesenfeld, Phys. Lett. A {\bf 144}, 467 (1990). [2] H. B. Ambalampitiya and I. I. Fabrikant, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 99}, 063404 (2019). [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00015: The APEX experiment for the study of positron-electron ``pair'' plasmas. J. R. Danielson, E. V. Stenson, J. Horn-Stanja, U. Hergenhahn, S. Ni{\ss}l, M. Singer, A. Deller, A. H. Card, T. Sunn Pedersen, M. R. Stoneking, M. Singer, C. Hugenschmidt, S. K\"onig, L. Schweikhard, H. Saitoh, C. M. Surko The APEX (A Positron Electron eXperiment) collaboration is working toward achieving simultaneous confinement of large numbers of electrons and positrons in a magnetic dipole trap, with the goal of creating a ``pair'' plasma in the laboratory. Pair plasmas are predicted to exhibit unique properties that differ from the usual electron-ion plasmas and would provide a novel system for studying basic plasma physics. After a brief overview, several recent experiments utilizing the intense, reactor-based cold positron source NEPOMUC to inject positrons into a dipole magnetic field will be presented. These experiments demonstrate several important milestones along the path towards the production of a pair plasma. Current and future activities will also be discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00016: Deep Learning for Extracting Electron Cross Sections Using Data Available on LXCat Vishrut Jetly, Bhaskar Chaudhury, Leanne Pitchford Conventional iterative algorithms for solving the inverse swarm problem of determining scattering cross sections from electron swarm data are rarely used because they require in-depth domain expertise and are computationally expensive. Moreover, these methods can be error prone due to the unavailability of accurate electron energy distributions. To address these issues, we propose the use of deep learning models which are trained using the elastic momentum transfer, ionization and excitation cross sections available from LXCat (www.lxcat.net) [1] and their corresponding swarm data calculated using the BOLSIG$+$ solver [2] for the numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation for electrons in weakly ionized gases. Pearson's correlation coefficient between different swarm data is computed and used to select appropriate inputs to the deep learning models such that the redundancy is reduced without decreasing the overall information content. The performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the convolutional neural network (CNN) indicates that CNN yields better results in most cases as it effectively extracts local patterns from the swarm data. Both trained networks have been validated for a broad range of gas species and the uncertainty in the prediction has been estimated. [1]. L. C. Pitchford et al., Plasma Process. Polym. 14, 1600098 (2017). [2]. G. J. M. Hagelaar {\&} L. C. Pitchford, PSST, 14, 722-733 (2005). [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00017: Charge state evolution of diatomic molecular ions in different target material Guiqiu Wang, Yujiao Li Charge state is one of the most important aspects in the study of the interaction between ions and solids, such as electron capture, ionization, excitation, as well as the energy deposition of fast ions. These phenomena are closely related to the charge state of incident ions and their evolution in the target. It involves multiple research fields such as Inertial confinement fusion driven by ion beam, material surface modification, and molecular ion structure analysis and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the evolution of the charge state of molecular ions in solid targets In this paper, based on the Brandt-Kitagawa (BK) effective charge model combined with the local dielectric function, the molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to study the oxygen molecular ion and nitrogen molecular ion on several solid targets(Ag, Al, C, and Si) under the framework of the linear dielectric response theory. In particular, the effects of the asymmetric wake effect caused by the electric excitation of the target on the interaction potential, charge state, energy loss and Coulomb explosion of diatomic molecular ion are studied and evaluated. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00018: Effects of anisotropic scattering and energy sharing after ionization on electron transport in argon Sasa Dujko, Danko Bosnjakovic, Zoran Petrovic, Toshiaki Makabe Electron transport coefficients and other transport properties are firstly calculated for the isotropic scattering model in inelastic collisions using the set of cross sections developed at Keio University. Other sets of cross sections for electron scattering in argon were also used as an input into our Boltzmann equation and Monte Carlo codes with an aim of testing their completeness, consistency and accuracy. The calculated swarm parameters are compared with measurements in order to assess the quality of the cross sections in providing data for plasma modeling. The effects of anisotropic scattering are investigated based on the screened Coulomb potential between electrons and neutral atoms of argon. In addition, we consider many empirical formulas for angular scattering of elastic and inelastic collisions that represent in certain ways the forward scattering with increasing electron energy. Likewise, we investigate the impact of energy sharing models for ionization, as this effect is comparable to the impact of anisotropic scattering for the high-energy electrons. Calculations have been performed for both DC and RF electric fields. In RF fields, temporal profiles of electron transport coefficients as well as the cycle-averaged values of transport coefficients are calculated over the range of the field amplitudes and field frequencies. In addition, effects of anisotropic scattering and energy sharing between the scattered and injected electrons on electron velocity distribution function are studied. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00019: Momentum transfer cross sections for electron-C$_{\mathrm{2}}$H$_{\mathrm{4}}$ scattering Manoj Kumar, Satyendra Pal, Rajbeer Singh Momentum transfer cross sections for electron-atom/ molecule collision are important in various fieldss including those of physics of gaseous discharge, plasma physics and also useful in the study of transport properties of electrons in gases. Specially, the conductivity of plasma electrons depends on the electron ion and electron neutral momentum transfer cross sections. An attempt is made to calculate the momentum transfer cross sections for the electron impact ionization of the C$_{\mathrm{2}}$H$_{\mathrm{4}}$ molecule in the energy range from ionization threshold to 2 keV using [1], Q$_{\mathrm{i}}$(E,$\theta )$, the differential cross sections as an major input evaluated by employing a semiempirical formulation based on the Bethe and M\"{o}llor cross sections [2-3]. The present results substantiate a reasonable reliability as in comparison with the elastic cross sectional data. \textbf{References: } [1]. R. Panajotovic, \textit{J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.} \textbf{36 }(2003) 1615. [2] S.Pal \textit{et al}., \textit{Rad. Phys. Chem.} \textbf{173} (2020) 108877. [3] S.Pal \textit{et al.}, \textit{J. Phys. Chem}. \textbf{A 123} (2019) 4314. [Preview Abstract] |
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LT1.00020: Photodouble ionization of the water molecule: equal and unequal energy sharing of the excess enregy Juan Randazzo, Giorgio Turri, Paola Bolognesi, John Mathis, Lorenzo Ugo Ancarani, Lorenzo Avaldi We study experimentally and theoretically the photo double ionization of the water molecule. Two sets of triple differential cross section (TDCS) are reported: at 20 eV above threshold under an equal energy sharing regime, and at 32 eV above threshold and unequal energy sharing. In both cases, we have considered three different emission angles (0, 30 and 60 degrees). According to the spectroscopy of the water dication states and the overall experimental energy resolution, several molecular states may contribute. The measurements are compared with a theoretical calculation in which the ten-electron molecule is reduced to a two-electron system, and finally a partial wave set of driven equations is solved by means of the Generalized Sturmian Method. The average over all possible molecular orientations is performed analytically. The measured and calculated cross sections present rich multilobe angular distributions which somehow reflect the complex dynamics of the electron pair. Considering the theoretical approximations, the experiment-theory comparison is pretty good [Preview Abstract] |
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