Numerical survey of EMIC wave propagation using the Petra-M*

By adopting the Petra-M full-wave simulation code, we perform numerical simulations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave propagation in Earth's magnetosphere. First, a numerical survey of EMIC wave propagation from the magnetic equator to the higher magnetic latitude at the Earth's geosynchronous orbit is performed. Our survey includes a range of factors, including wave frequency (H-, He-, and O-band EMIC waves), different densities of heavier ions (0-10% He+ and O+ ions), and the wave normal angle (WNA, 0 – 60 degrees) near the source region. Second, we examine EMIC wave generation and propagation when Earth's magnetic tilt effect is considered. We show strong mode conversion occurs from the incoming compressional waves to the ion-ion hybrid and/or Alfven resonances in the inner magnetosphere. In addition, the incoming waves easily reach the ionospheric altitude and show a north-south asymmetry. Finally, we examine the left-handed polarized EMIC waves generated from the Shabansky orbits in the outer magnetosphere. The field-aligned Poynting flux directions (toward or away from the magnetic equator) of EMIC waves detected from the satellites depend on the source location, consistent with the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) satellite observations.