Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Fall 2022 Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics
Volume 67, Number 17
Thursday–Sunday, October 27–30, 2022; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session EC: Hadronic Physics II |
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Chair: Liping Gan, University of North Carolina Wilmington Room: Hyatt Regency Hotel Celestin A |
Friday, October 28, 2022 10:30AM - 10:42AM |
EC.00001: Simulations of 1+1 dimensional quantum chromodynamics using IBM's quantum computers Roland C Farrell, Marc Illa, Ivan A Chernyshev, Martin J Savage, Nikita A Zemlevskiy, Sarah Powell Quantum computers have the capability to efficiently simulate the real-time dynamics of nuclear processes such as heavy ion collision and transport in dense nuclear matter. Towards these goals, results from quantum simulations of 1+1 dimensional quantum chromodynamics are presented. IBM's 7-qubit quantum computers, ibmq_jakarta and ibm_perth, are used to study the dynamics of one spatial site of one flavor 1+1 dimensional QCD. Recently developed error mitigation techniques are applied to obtain ~1% error in the trivial vacuum persistence and transition probabilities. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 10:42AM - 10:54AM |
EC.00002: Observables for electro-scattering on targets with arbitrary spin Frank Vera, Wim Cosyn We developed a new algorithm that exhausts all independent operators that can appear in the relativistic scattering amplitudes associated with electromagnetic observables based on the Weinberg formalism to construct fields with arbitrary spin. The new construction offers advantages over existing methods for systematically studying the structure of hadrons and nuclei. Since the construction is based on fields containing minimal degrees of freedom, no subsidiary conditions are needed, and kinematic singularities are absent in amplitudes. Furthermore, it provides a clear physical interpretation of the different non-perturbative distributions entering the decomposition of amplitudes. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 10:54AM - 11:06AM |
EC.00003: Resource Estimates and Error Analysis for Quantum Simulations of 1+1D SU(Nc) Lattice Gauge Theory Nikita A Zemlevskiy, Roland C Farrell, Sarah Powell, Ivan A Chernyshev, Marc Illa, Martin J Savage Recent progress in the field of quantum computation is enabling the use of quantum devices for simulation of lattice gauge theories (LGT), with the goal of avoiding problems plaguing the classical counterparts of these computations. Calculations using circuits with a modest number of gates and required coherence time are now possible. In this work, preparations for studying the SU(Nc) LGT are developed. The quantum resource requirements for Trotterized time evolution of 1+1D SU(Nc) LGT with Nf quark flavors on a quantum device are presented in this talk. The number of Trotter steps necessary to achieve a desired precision is discussed, as well as the structure of errors in the evolution. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 11:06AM - 11:18AM |
EC.00004: Entaglement entropy in p-p collisions Alek Hutson In an effort to better understand thermal behavior and particle yields in p-p collisions we recast the problem using the language of quantum information. In the last 50 years physicists have used the parton model, very successfully, to describe particle collisions. In the parton model the proton is put into a high momentum frame in which constituents are viewed as quasi-free. However, quantum mechanics tells us that the proton exists in a pure quantum state, characterized by zero von Neumann entropy. This pure state of quasi-free particles can be achieved through entanglement of the proton's constituents. We seek to show that this entanglement in the initial state has a measurable effect on the evolution of the system and is the driving mechanism behind the thermal-like behavior and particle yields observed. Recent studies have demonstrated that entanglement in the initial state could survive in a strongly coupled system. Therefore, we make an entanglement entropy calculation on the initial state of the system using known PDF's and compare this to the entropy of the final state hadrons. We find that when comparing these entropy values, at low x where the used initial entropy formula is valid, they are very similar in magnitude. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 11:18AM - 11:30AM |
EC.00005: Charge renormalization in time-dependent, relativistic quantum mechanics for electromagnetically self-interacting fermions Timothy D Kutnink, Athanasios Petridis, Trevin Detwiler, David Atri Schuller The time-dependent electromagnetically self-coupled Dirac equation is solved numerically by means of the MSD2 algorithm with special attention to stability. The expectation values of several dynamic operators are evaluated as functions of time and the asymptotic, i.e., physical values are obtained. It is observed that the positive and negative energy projections are separated from each other in space and time due to self-interactions from the Klein Effect. This is also observed in the gauge fields. A statistical method, employing a canonical ensemble whose temperature is the inverse of the spatial-grid size, is used to remove the momentum-dependence. Finite expectation values are obtained in the continuum limit. The charge renormalization is attributed to the contribution of the negative-energy components, enhanced by self-interactions. The physical charge is about 30% smaller than the bare value. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
EC.00006: Implementation of VQE for SU(3) Lattice Gauge Theory on IBM's Quantum Devices Ivan A Chernyshev, Martin J Savage, Roland C Farrell, Nikita A Zemlevskiy, Marc Illa, Sarah Powell Implementation of Lattice QCD (LQCD) on a quantum computer is beginning to be feasible for simple systems, such as one-dimensional gauge theory with fermions. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid classical-quantum optimizer. It is resilient to noise, and in the context of quantum simulation is useful for eigendecomposition and state-preparation. A circuit design for finding the ground state of the one-dimensional three-color lattice using VQE is implemented on two of IBM's 7-qubit quantum devices and their simulators. The devices have a limited runtime, so symmetries and separation of the circuit into static and parameter-dependent components are used to minimize the number of quantum circuit elements needed. This study provides a framework for use of VQE in quantum lattice gauge theory in the near future, which has the potential to advance LQCD's ability to provide both ab initio results for physical quantities needed for nuclear and particle physics experiments and efficiently reproduce relevant states. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
EC.00007: Error Mitigation Techniques for Simulating SU(2) and SU(3) Lattice Gauge Theories on a Quantum Computer Sarah Powell, Randy Lewis, Sarmed A Rahman, Emanuele Mendicelli, Roland C Farrell, Ivan A Chernyshev, Nikita A Zemlevskiy, Marc Illa, Martin J Savage Lattice Gauge Theory (LGT) is an area of research in which quantum computing has the potential to make calculations possible that cannot otherwise be done using classical computers. In this noisy era of small-scale quantum computers, mitigating errors is essential for obtaining meaningful results. Recent developments in error mitigation techniques have allowed for quantum simulations of LGT to be completed. In this talk, the results from simulating SU(2) LGT, for varying lattice lengths, on IBM's quantum computers will be discussed. Multiple error mitigation techniques were used, including a simple yet extremely effective method we developed termed self-mitigation. It involves estimating the noise of the quantum circuit by performing a separate run both forward and backward in time. Using this technique, we were able to observe an excitation travelling across the lattice and achieve meaningful results for hundreds of CNOT gates. A variation of this technique was then applied to simulate SU(3) LGT on IBM's quantum computers for one site and one flavor. The results and error mitigation techniques used for this simulation will be discussed. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
EC.00008: Poincaré algebra of scaled interpolating variables between Instant Form Dynamics and Light-Front Dynamics Deepasika Dayananda, Chueng-Ryong Ji We discuss the Poincaré algebra in terms of a novel basis set of scaled variables that interpolate between the Instant Form Dynamics and the Light-Front Dynamics. The properties of the kinematic generators are contrasted with those of the dynamics generators examining the reduction of the number of degrees of freedom in the limit to the light-front dynamics. The reduced degrees of freedom in the light-front dynamics appears to entail the condensation of the light-front zero-modes. Applications of the scaled variables are exemplified in the computation of the scattering amplitudes. |
Friday, October 28, 2022 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
EC.00009: Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Beam Spin Asymmetry with CLAS12 at 6.5 GeV and 7.5 GeV Polarized Electron Beam with CLAS12 Joshua Artem D Tan, Latifa Elouadrhiri, Francois-Xavier Girod Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) is the cleanest channel in accessing the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) which encode the 3D imaging of the nucleon structure in terms of the 1D longitudinal momentum fraction of the nucleon’s constituent correlated to its 2D transverse position. As the name DVCS summarizes, the nucleon is probed deeply to the level of its constituent quarks by the scattered electron which generates the virtual photon interacting with one of the quarks, eventually resulting to the emission of a high-energy real photon from the recoiling nucleon. The detection of DVCS final-state particles, however, is not unique as scattered electrons themselves can emit photons in the co-occurring Bethe-Heitler reaction. By conducting DVCS experiments at different beam energies, DVCS amplitude can be separated from DVCS-BH interference amplitude thus allowing the extraction of GPD Η in some kinematics, and eventually the gravitational d1(t) form factor, which provides access to the mechanical properties of the nucleon. Jefferson Lab’s electron beam’s high luminosity and high polarization, together with the large-acceptance CLAS12 detector system installed in Hall B of Jefferson Lab provide the ideal setup for multi-energy DVCS experiments with efficient particle detection in broad kinematic ranges. DVCS data were collected with CLAS12 in 2018 at 6.5 GeV, 7.5 GeV, and 10.6 GeV electron beam energies on liquid hydrogen target. We will present the results on one of the vital DVCS observables from our measurements at 6.5 GeV and 7.5 GeV beam energies: the Beam-Spin Asymmetry, which is particularly sensitive to the H GPD and is an essential ingredient in extracting the d1(t) form factor. |
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