Bulletin of the American Physical Society
Fall 2022 Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics
Volume 67, Number 17
Thursday–Sunday, October 27–30, 2022; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA; New Orleans, Louisiana
Session 2WA: Frontiers of Nuclear Astrophysics 65 years after B2FH II |
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Chair: Catherine Deibel, Louisiana State University Room: Hyatt Regency Hotel Celestin D-E |
Thursday, October 27, 2022 11:00AM - 11:36AM |
2WA.00001: Exploding stars and the origin of the elements Invited Speaker: Fernando Montes Stellar explosions and colliding neutron stars are important sources of the chemical elements in nature. While some of the astrophysical processes responsible for element creation are well understood, others have remained elusive for decades. Processes creating elements often involve short lived radioactive isotopes that can be produced at accelerator facilities. Studies with these isotopes allow us to constrain the relevant nuclear reaction rates so one can understand in the laboratory how elements are created. Recent progress in astronomical observations, such as the observation and verification that the merging of two neutron stars is as a source of heavy element production in the Universe, need to be accompanied with similar progress in understanding the relevant properties of rare isotopes through nuclear physics experiments. I will review the important role that nuclear reactions play in understanding stellar explosions, show some examples of recent nuclear physics measurements and give a (very abbreviated) outlook of future nuclear astrophysics studies. |
Thursday, October 27, 2022 11:36AM - 12:12PM |
2WA.00002: The path of heavy element origin studies since Burbidge, Burbidge, Fowler, and Hoyle (B2FH) Invited Speaker: Nicole Vassh Since B2FH charted the initial roadmap for nuclear astrophysics, the field has not only progressed but diversified to study many more nucleosynthesis processes and astrophysical sites. Nevertheless, as was recognized 65 years ago, it remains that explaining heavy element origins requires at least two types of neutron capture processes with each having a distinct neutron density and astrophysical site. At the time of B2FH the rapid neutron capture process (r-process) showed itself to synthesize exotic nuclei far from stability largely via its signature on the solar abundances. Nowadays we have a wealth of observational information to assimilate, from metal-poor star abundances to kilonova light curves. In this talk I will review progress and current perspectives in understanding r-process candidate site(s), particularly in light of the revolutionary multi-messenger neutron star merger event GW170817. I will also discuss how nuclear physics will play a central role in addressing the question of heavy element origins over the next decade, with world-wide campaigns fixing their aim at new measurements and new theoretical calculations of the properties of still unprobed neutron-rich nuclei. |
Thursday, October 27, 2022 12:12PM - 12:48PM |
2WA.00003: Beta-decay studies of neutron-rich nuclei relevant to nucleosynthesis: Looking forward to the FDS at FRIB Invited Speaker: Benjamin P Crider In the years since the B2FH paper, much has been learned about nucleosynthesis while still many questions remain. For example, relevant to neutron star mergers, there are questions of the nature of the site of nucleosynthesis within to merger as well as to whether such mergers can account for the full production of r-process elements in the galaxy. Models that predict the r-process can be strongly constrained using experimentally measured properties from b-decay experiments, such as half-lives, β-strength functions, β-delayed neutron emission probabilities, and neutron capture rates. Additionally, studies from β-decay experiments can identify and yield information about isomeric states in exotic nuclei. In this talk, techniques for measuring quantities relevant to nucleosynthesis obtained via β decay will be presented, along with a look at how the FRIB Decay Station Initiator (FDSi) is being utilized now while looking forward to the FDS and future FRIB experiments that aim to help continue the legacy of understanding nucleosynthesis begun by the B2FH paper. |
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