Bulletin of the American Physical Society
77th Annual Meeting of the Division of Fluid Dynamics
Sunday–Tuesday, November 24–26, 2024; Salt Lake City, Utah
Session A29: Porous Media Flows: Theory, Immiscible Displacement, Mixing |
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Chair: Yaofa Li, University of California, Riverside Room: 255 A |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 8:00AM - 8:13AM |
A29.00001: Homogenization of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) two-phase fluid flow through porous media. Promasree Majumdar, Debabrata Dasgupta This work provides the derivation of a new model for immiscible flow of a wetting phase inside a non-wetting phase through the pores of a homogeneous porous medium under the effect of external electric and magnetic field. The model assumes both fluid phases to be incompressible and Newtonian, and that the solid matrix is rigid and impermeable. The porous medium, characterized by a length L, is divided into periodically structured regions of smaller length l. For mathematical and physical understanding of two-phase flow, diffuse interface model is used. The interface between the two fluids is governed by the Cahn-Hilliard equation and the influence of electro-magnetic fields is incorporated in the Navier-Stokes equation by the Lorentz force term. The research employs a two-scale asymptotic homogenization approach to upscale Navier-Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard (NSCH) equation system and derive the EM-permeability tensor by extending Darcy's law to account for multiple phases and incorporating the influence of external electromagnetic fields. The finite element method is utilized to solve the derived equations. The results indicate that wall zeta potential, capillary number (Ca), and the intensities of external magnetic and electric fields represented by the Hartmann number (Ha) and a non-dimensional parameter (S),respectively, affect the EM-permeability. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 8:13AM - 8:26AM |
A29.00002: Rapid modelling of flow, trapping, and dissolution in geological carbon sequestration Adam J Butler, Jerome A. Neufeld Geological carbon sequestration represents a crucial step in reaching Net Zero targets by storing CO2 in porous geological formations rather than releasing it into the atmosphere. When designing and operating storage sites, it is important to understand how the CO2 will flow - and for how long - before it is ultimately confined by mechanisms such as residual trapping and dissolution. However, predicting this behaviour is complicated by the fact that only limited measurements of the storage reservoir are available, while the CO2 is strongly influenced by geological heterogeneities in properties such as porosity and permeability. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 8:26AM - 8:39AM |
A29.00003: Microstructure characterization of anisotropic media using pore-network models Pinqing Kan, Jonathan Severino, Peng Liu, Matthew K Keeling, Shawn M Hubbard Characterization of porous media microstructures and flow performance predictions are fundamental for a wide range of applications. However, these tasks become increasingly challenging as smaller particulates are targeted and finer media pursued. Pore network models (PNM) have been widely applied for different media morphologies and a variety of physical and chemical processes. In this study, the application of PNM is investigated for characterizing anisotropic media computationally and differentiating their flow performance. The media samples’ SEM images are analyzed, and representative elementary volume (REV) is quantified, both of which form the basis for PNM construction. Different PNM construction methods are compared, including layered lattice-based networks and random networks using tessellation (Ref. 1). Their modeling efficiency and accuracy in simulating media macroscopic properties are evaluated. Using pathfinding algorithms (Ref. 2), geometric tortuosity is calculated from the networks. Additionally, microscopic parameters such as pore spacing and connectivity are analyzed to gain insights into media performance. The findings inform our design of next-generation media materials. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 8:39AM - 8:52AM |
A29.00004: Leveraging Particle Dispersion in Porous Biomaterials to Reprogram Cells Vishal Srikanth, Madelyn VanBlunk, Micah Mallory, Andrey Kuznetsov, Yevgeny Brudno The dispersive property of liquid flow in porous media is a well-studied phenomenon that has made significant impact in the fields of water science, oil exploration, and semiconductors. More recently, our lab has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of porous biomaterials as a platform to reprogram cells and produce gene therapies. Cells are reprogrammed when a liquid suspension containing cells and gene carriers (like viruses and lipid nanoparticles) is absorbed into a macroporous medium. In this study, we have used computational modeling and in vitro experimentation to develop a fluid dynamic understanding of how liquid flow through porous media enhances cell-virus interaction at the microscale level. We developed a representative pore geometry of the biomaterial from X-ray computed tomography and simulated liquid and particle flow inside the pores using computational fluid dynamics and discrete element modeling. Our results show that liquid flow in stochastic pores promotes an order of magnitude greater number of collisions between cells and viruses than in uniform pores or unbounded flow. The number of cell-virus collisions increases with the increase in flow velocity indicating the crucial role of convection in cell-virus interaction. Our study concludes that hydrodynamic dispersion of the liquid flow in stochastic pores induces particle diffusion at the macroscale level, which plays an important role in particle mixing and particle-particle interaction in porous media. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 8:52AM - 9:05AM |
A29.00005: Compressibility effect on Darcy porous convection Giuseppe Arnone, Florinda Capone, Roberta De Luca, Giuliana Massa Hydrodynamic stability problems have been widely analyzed and in this respect there are several notable results regarding Newtonian and incompressible fluids. It is commonly acknowledged that variations in temperature during non-isothermal processes induce changes in the properties of the fluid, such as density. Analyzing the complete effects of the density variations is so intricate that the use of certain approximations becomes indispensable. In this regard, the majority of studies examining the stability of fundamental steady-state motions in both clear fluids and fluid-saturated porous media, employ a well-established hypothesis known as the Boussinesq approximation, which assumes density to be a constant function in all terms of the equations except in the body force term due to gravity, where the density ρ depends on temperature T, but not on the pressure p. However, this assumption is an approximation of the real phenomenon, since perfectly incompressible fluids do not exist in nature. This is the reason why the investigation of compressibility effects in hydrodynamic stability problems is worthy of consideration. In particular, a more realistic constitutive equation for the fluid density is the following ρ(p,T)=ρ0[1-α(T-T0)+β(p-p0)), where ρ0 is the reference density in correspondence of a temperature T0 and pressure p0, α is the thermal expansion coefficient and β is the compressibility factor. This fluids are called slightly compressible. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 9:05AM - 9:18AM |
A29.00006: Modeling non-uniform mixing of polymers in flows of shear-thinning polymers and surfactants in porous media Prabir Daripa, Rohit Mishra In modeling flows of shear-thinning polymers and surfactants in porous media, it is usually assumed that the polymer is uniformly mixed in the aqueous phase in space and time. However, this is rarely the case after an initial period of flow through the porous media. Even though there does not exist any theory of how the non-uniformity in mixing develops in time and space, we propose a modeling approach to include initial non-uniform distribution of polymer in the aqueous phase. We perform numerical simulations of polymer-surfactant flooding using a hybrid method [1,2] to evaluate the effect of such a non-uniform mixing of shear-thinning polymer [3] on the porous media flow and oil recovery. We will present results for several levels of non-uniform mixing for two polymers at multiple injection rates and initial polymer concentrations. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 9:18AM - 9:31AM |
A29.00007: Surface heterogeneity: dynamics of contact-line motion within a straight capillary tube Mosayeb Shams, Lyes Kahouadji, Debashis Panda, Omar K. Matar The process of one fluid displacing another immiscible fluid within small confined spaces is vital in numerous natural processes such as water infiltration into soil and groundwater flow. Modelling the dynamics of the contact line, where the two fluids and a solid interface meet, is crucial for the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of multi-phase flow in these confined spaces. In this study, we present a numerical investigation of two-phase flow within a straight capillary tube, focusing on the dynamics dictated by the contact-line motion. This motion, combined with viscous and Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities, leads to a bubble pinch-off phenomenon. We focus on a critical yet often overlooked aspect of such systems: the impact of surface heterogeneity on the flow dynamics, driven by contact-line motion and quantified by the capillary number. Our results propose, for the first time, a mechanism that explains how surface heterogeneity affects the stability and behaviour of the contact line, ultimately influencing the formation and dynamics of bubbles in a straight capillary tube. By incorporating the effects of surface heterogeneity, we demonstrate that variations in contact-line dynamics can significantly alter the flow regime and the onset of instabilities. Our findings highlight the importance of accurate contact-line modelling and of accounting for surface heterogeneity in the simulation of two-phase flow within confined micro-scale spaces. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 9:31AM - 9:44AM |
A29.00008: Experimental investigation of pressure drop, fluid velocities and dispersion within TPMS porous media Jimmy Philip, Daejung Kim, Jonathan Tran Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) are a family of mathematically well-defined surfaces with almost zero mean curvature that also mimic several naturally occurring porous media. Measurements of pressure drop and fluid velocities with refractive index matched PIV is carried out in three TPMS geometries (Gyroid, Primitive and BCC) for a range of porosity and Reynolds number (Re) covering laminar to turbulent regimes. Usual metrics, such as Darcy and Forchheimer permeabilities are measured, and non-dimensional pressure drop (f) is plotted versus Re based on hydraulic diameter. A lack of collapse in f(Re) curves is found for different TPMS geometries, that is well-known in general porous media. To alleviate this, we define an ‘equivalent diameter’ (dequiv) that allows collapse of various f(Re) curves (based on dequiv) within the laminar region with the ‘Ergun equation’ for packed bed of spheres. With comparison of different TPMS geometries now possible, we observe lower drag in the turbulent region for some TPMS geometries compared to packed spheres as well as more nuanced f(Re) features that cannot be captured by two usual permeabilities as the flow ‘transitions’ from laminar to turbulent. Preliminary longitudinal dispersion measurements show a Peclet number of O(1) in both turbulent and laminar regimes suggesting enhanced laminar mixing. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 9:44AM - 9:57AM |
A29.00009: A continuum mathematical model for erosion and deposition in a porous medium Amy M Sims, Pejman Sanaei In this work, we investigate the dynamic processes of erosion and deposition in a porous medium that occur when the solid internal morphology of the porous medium interacts with fluids at its contact interface. These phenomena are encountered both in natural settings, such as soil erosion, and in various industrial applications, like water-filtration devices. The focus of our research is to develop a comprehensive two-dimensional continuum model that accurately describes how erosion and deposition influence the internal morphology of the porous medium under a fluid flow. To achieve this goal, we utilize first-principle equations, including the Darcy and continuity equations, to model the fluid flow. The Navier-Cauchy equations are adapted to describe the deformation of the elastic porous medium due to the flow shear stress. Further, we incorporate the advection-diffusion-reaction equation to study the mass transport of particles within the porous medium. By integrating an erosion and deposition evolution model, we effectively monitor how particle concentration of the fluid and porosity of the porous medium evolve together. To simplify our model, we employ asymptotic analysis, based on the porous medium small aspect ratio, to derive a reduced model. As a result of the erosion and deposition model, the porous medium expands and shrinks due to erosion and deposition, respectively. |
Sunday, November 24, 2024 9:57AM - 10:10AM |
A29.00010: Modeling Transport of Transition Metal Solutes in different Porous Media under a non-uniform Magnetic Field Muhammad J Garba, Jamel Ali, Theo Siegrist, Munir Humayun, Hadi Mohammadigoushki Magnetic particles in solution are reported to form clusters when subjected to a non-uniform magnetic field during Magnetophoresis. Magnetophoresis finds application in drug delivery (magnetic targeting), bio-catalysis, pollution capture, extraction, and protein isolation. Previous experimental studies showed that paramagnetic and diamagnetic metal ion systems undergo magnetophoresis in a porous medium under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field of a permanent magnet. In this work, we present a Multiphysics numerical simulation to provide an in-depth understanding of the experimental results. Our numerical simulations indicate that both the paramagnetic and diamagnetic ions may form clusters of sub-micrometer size under influence of the magnetic field. Also, with same porosity, the porous media's pore size has been observed to influence the amount of enrichment or depletion of the magnetic particles. Additionally, we examined the impact of magnetic diffusion and magnetic convection fluxes and observe that the magnetic convection flux is dominant during magnetomigration. Furthermore, our simulations suggest that the cluster size is a function of time and magnetic susceptibility of the ions, and the effect of pore size could be understood in the context of friction between the cluster and the solid walls of the porous media. We provide an approximate form of cluster size and friction factor coefficient by fitting the simulations to experimental results. |
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