Simulations of free bubble growth with a mechanistic interfacial mass transfer model*

We report simulations of the growth of stationary and rising vapour bubbles in an extend pool of liquid using an Interface Capturing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methodology coupled with a method for simulating interfacial mass transfer at the vapour-liquid interface. The model enables mechanistic prediction of the local rate of phase change at the vapour-liquid interface on arbitrary computational meshes and is applicable to realistic cases involving two-phase mixtures with large density ratios. The simulation methodology is based on the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) representation of the flow, whereby an interfacial region in which mass transfer occurs is implicitly identified by a phase indicator, in this case the volume fraction of liquid, which varies from the value pertaining to the 'bulk' liquid to the value of the bulk vapour. Simulations are validated via comparison against experimental observations of bubble growth in water and ethanol, including rising bubble cases in normal gravity. The validation cases represent a severe test for Interface Capturing methodologies due to large density ratios, the presence of strong interfacial evaporation and upward bubble rise motion. Agreement of simulation results with measurements demonstrated that the methodology detailed herein is applicable to modelling phase-change phenomena in real fluids.