Bulletin of the American Physical Society
72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics
Volume 64, Number 13
Saturday–Tuesday, November 23–26, 2019; Seattle, Washington
Session S25: Bubbles: Cavitation II |
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Chair: Thomas Abadie, Imperial College London Room: 607 |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 10:31AM - 10:44AM |
S25.00001: Experimental Study of Cavitation Inception in a Pair of Interacting Vortices Daniel Knister, Elizabeth Callison, Harish Ganesh, Steven Ceccio Cavitation inception in shear flows often occurs in secondary stream-wise vortices (braids) stretched by spanwise vortices. Stretching of the weaker secondary stream-wise vortices can lead to a rapid drop in core pressure below the vapor pressure, and thus inception of captured cavitation nuclei in the stretching core. Understanding of the relationship between the stretching process, pressure drop, and nuclei size is critical for understanding inception. As a model experiment of this phenomenon, two parallel vortices are created by a pair of hydrofoils in a re-circulating water channel following the study of Chang et al. (2012). Cavitation inception and occurrence caused due to interaction between two trailing vortices is studied using high speed video and synchronized hydrophone measurements, with the vortices visualized by cavitation and dye injection and SPIV. We will discuss the hydrodynamic performance of the new configuration, including the parameters that lead to the desired vortex interactions and inception in the weaker (secondary) vortex. [Preview Abstract] |
(Author Not Attending)
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S25.00002: Shock-cavity interactions in a shock-compressed polymer medium in the fluid regime Emilio Escauriza, Nirmal Rai, David Chapman, Joao Pedro Duarte, Lukasz Farbaniec, Liam Smith, John Jonsson, Michael Rutherford, Margie Olbinado, Alexander Rack, H S Udaykumar, Daniel Eakins The study of shock-cavity interactions is important for a wide range of applications, from the medical sciences to the development of mixing mechanisms. However, due to constraints posed by optical imaging, observing the phenomenon directly has proven challenging. We present observations of shock-induced collapse in a solid medium through ultra-high-speed radiography, performed at the ESRF synchrotron. The radiography allowed the tracking of the time evolution of sub-surface interfaces during the collapse process. Shock loading of the PMMA cavity targets was achieved through plate impact with a 2-stage gas gun. As the shock strength was well in excess of the yield strength of the solid medium, the collapse shape was typical of a cavity collapsing in a fluid, with the generation of a jet and the formation of toroidal vortices after jet impact against the far cavity interface. The dependence of the collapse time on shock pressure was investigated, revealing a power law relationship. The results showcase the capabilities of high-speed synchrotron radiography for observing sub-surface phenomena in liquid and solid media. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 10:57AM - 11:10AM |
S25.00003: Analysis of the mechanisms of cavitation erosion Ben Zhao, Olivier Coutier-Delgosha Erosion related to the collapse of a single cavitation bubble is investigated. The bubble is created using a pulsed high intensity laser focused in a water tank, and the mechanisms of erosion are studied with high speed visualizations, a small time response hydrophone, and a pressure sensor located on the material. The effects of the distance of the bubble to the wall, the bubble size, and the softness of the material are investigated. A specific attention is paid to the feedback on the material on the bubble collapse, depending on the material stiffness. First results based on the use of two lasers creating two interacting bubbles will be also presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 11:10AM - 11:23AM |
S25.00004: Temperature measurements in cavitation bubbles. Merouane HAMDI, Olivier Coutier-Delgosha, Michael Baudoin The present work focuses on the analysis of the extreme conditions encountered during the process of collapse of cavitation bubbles. The objective is to characterize the temperature variations inside the vapor/gas bubble, and also in the surrounding liquid. The work is based on an experimental approach where temperature measurements are performed with a fast response cold wire thermometer. Specific thin cold wires obtained by Nickel metallic coating, whose resistance varies according to the local temperature, have been developed. They have been applied to configurations of single bubbles created by a travelling pressure wave. In most of the tests, the temperature peak magnitude measured at the end of the collapse is varying between 300 and 600\textdegree C. It strongly depends on the shape, the diameter ant the distance of the bubble to the wall, and even more on the wire position during the bubble collapse. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 11:23AM - 11:36AM |
S25.00005: Inertial cavitation threshold in a viscoelastic medium Kazuya Murakami, Eric Johnsen Cavitation bubbles play a significant role in medicine such as histotripsy or traumatic brain injury. Elevated temperatures, high strain rates, and shock waves are generated by the bubble dynamics, which may damage the surrounding tissue. These phenomena are thought to originate from inertially dominated bubble oscillations. It is thus important to determine a criterion governing inertial cavitation in tissue. For this reason, we numerically investigate the threshold for inertial cavitation in a tissue-mimicking, viscoelastic medium. We use a Rayleigh-Plesset-type equation, where compressibility, heat diffusion, mass transfer and nonlinear elasticity are taken into account. We apply a negative pressure pulse to a bubble and examine its expansion and subsequent collapse. In particular, we investigate the amount of energy dissipated by various means and determine the conditions under which inertia becomes dominant. Since viscoelasticity reduces bubble growth, the inertial cavitation threshold becomes higher in tissue-like media. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 11:36AM - 11:49AM |
S25.00006: ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 11:49AM - 12:02PM |
S25.00007: The promotion effect of polymer nanoparticles on laser-induced thermal cavitation Man Hu, Feng Wang, Daosheng Deng Laser impacting on liquids, ranging from a single droplet to soft biological tissues, can generate cavitation. By immersing nanoparticles into water, cavitation can be manipulated. Here, we report CO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ laser impacting on distilled water with polymer nanoparticles immersed in to produce thermal cavitation at the air/water interface. The promotion effect of nanoparticles on the inception of cavitation is investigated. With proper concentration nanoparticles being introduced in, thermal cavitation is clearly observed at the air/water interface from high speed imaging, but no cavitation for water with no nanoparticles. Based on this phenomenon, three regimes (no cavitation, cavitation, and pseudo-cavitation) are identified within a broad range of nanoparticles concentration and size. Moreover, this interfacial cavitation allows the direct visualization of spatial-temporal evolution of temperature, which reveals that the polymer nanoparticles not only act as preexisted nuclei to promote nucleation for cavitation, but also likely affect temperature to change the nucleation rate as well. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, November 26, 2019 12:02PM - 12:15PM |
S25.00008: Negative Radiative Pressure on Plasmonic Supercavitating Nanoparticles Eungkyu Lee, Tengfei Luo Driving nano swimmers with light is very useful for many applications like in-situ nanofabrication, targeted-molecular assembly, or biosensor array. Here, we demonstrate the optical pulling of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in water, which moves against the light propagation direction. A plasmonic nanobubble encapsulating the NP (i.e., supercavitation) transforms the incident plane wave into a unique internal mode to exert a negative radiative pressure on the NP. We theoretically study the optical force on an Au NP consisting of a 100-nm SiO$_{\mathrm{2}}$ core and 10-nm-thick Au shell. It is found that the single plane wave at the wavelength ($\lambda )$ of 800 nm can attract the NP when the NP is inside a nanobubble with the size between 100 nm -- 400 nm. The pulling force becomes apparent when the NP is close to the bubble surface directly facing the light incident. We suspend the NP in water and use a loosely focused Gaussian beam, which can create a nanobubble with a size of \textasciitilde O(100 nm) around the NP. We demonstrate that the laser pulls the NP against the photon stream and enable a speed of 10$^{\mathrm{5}}\mu $m/s for a typical travel distance of \textasciitilde 100 $\mu $m. Moreover, we deposit the optically pulled NPs on a quartz/water interface with a spot size of \textasciitilde 10 $\mu $m and successfully create a surface bubble on the interface. [Preview Abstract] |
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