Phonation energy budget computed from high-fidelity aeroelastic-aeroacoustic simulation*

A rigorous accounting of phonation energy utilization is presented, using high-fidelity computer simulations. The simulation uses the modified immersed Finite Element (iFEM) formulation, supplemented by boundary condition control using Perfectly Matched Layers. Vocal folds mimic the swept-ellipse multilayer rubber model used in coordinated experiments. Simulations were run for a range of subglottal pressures. Simulation results are used to compute terms of the integral energy equation for the volume containing air in the larynx. Flow work terms in particular are decomposed to clarify power transfer mechanisms. The mechanism described by each energy equation term is then classified in terms of its role (input, output, loss). Laryngeal acoustic efficiency is also presented.