Bulletin of the American Physical Society
54th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 68, Number 7
Monday–Friday, June 5–9, 2023; Spokane, Washington
Session U07: New Controls Over Cold Atomic Gases |
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Chair: Ben Olsen, Yale-NUS College Room: 206 B |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
U07.00001: Laser cooling of antimatter and its application in ALPHA nad HAICU projects Alexander Khramov, Reza Akbari, Robert Collister, Andrew Evans, Makoto C Fujiwara, Takamasa Momose, Maryam Mostamand, Chukman So In 2021, the ALPHA collaboration demonstrated the first laser cooling of antimatter by 1D Doppler cooling on the Lyman-α transition in antihydrogen with a ns-scale pulsed 121 nm beam obtained using triple harmonic generation in a Xe-Ar gas cell. We show the extent of 3-dimensional cooling provided by the laser and detail the application of this technology to spectroscopy of the antihydrogen atom on the 1S-2S transition. We report on improvements to the laser system since the 2021 publication. We further report on the planning and development of laser systems for cooling on a hydrogen project (HAICU) with the eventual goal of replicating matter and antimatter experiments in the same testbed. |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
U07.00002: Atomic Beam Sources of Titanium in the Laser Coolable Metastable State Diego Novoa, Scott Eustice, Jack Schrott, Dan M Stamper-Kurn We present the development of two sources of atomic beams of titanium suitable for laser cooling applications: one based on laser ablation and one based on a titanium sublimation pump. Titanium, among several other transition metals, has been identified as a potential candidate for laser cooling. While titanium's ground state electronic spectrum is too complex for a reasonable laser cooling experiment, the a5F5 metastable excited state possesses a near-cycling transition. However, another challenge is posed by the formidable material properties of titanium. With a melting point of 1668°C, standard atomic oven methods are not feasible. This has motivated us to develop methods to generate high flux beam sources of metastable titanium. One revolves around a titanium sublimation pump, which is a readily accessible, standard ultrahigh vacuum pump. The pump functions by running current through a tungsten filament embedded in a shell of titanium, heating the shell up to temperatures where sublimation is significant. The population of metastable atoms in a thermal beam is low, however we demonstrate significant enhancement by optically pumping the beam. The other source is based on laser ablation in a buffer gas, a well-tread path to atomic and molecular beams. Our apparatus is made simpler by the high capture velocity of metastable titanium, allowing for operation at room temperature. In addition, the high energies involved in ablation populate the metastable excited state without the need for optical pumping. The addition of titanium to the ultracold atomic physics toolbox could give access to advantageous optical clock transitions, simulations of novel quantum materials, and other applications enabled by the unique atomic structure. Further, our simplified atomic sources are applicable to other elements with low vapor pressures. |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 2:24PM - 2:36PM Withdrawn |
U07.00003: Magnetic trapping of spin-zero neutral atoms for spaceborne quantum sensors Chris M Herdman, Leah E Phillips, Dmitry Strekalov, Matteo S Sbroscia, David C Aveline Pioneering cold-atom experiments using NASA’s Cold Atom Lab in Earth orbit have observed magnetically confined halo-like clouds of spin-zero neutral atoms, which are in Zeeman states with magnetic quantum number mf=0. These magnetically insensitive halo-clouds formed from the primary trap of a Bose-Einstein condensate and a thermal cloud of atoms in states with non-zero magnetic quantum numbers (mf=2 and mf=1). On Earth the gravitational force overpowers the magnetic trapping forces on these spin-zero atoms, but in microgravity the quadratic Zeeman effect enables an effective trapping potential and observable clouds held in very low frequency traps. Inspired by these observations, we theoretically explore techniques to produce, trap and control ultracold neutral atoms in magnetically insensitive Zeeman states with an atom chip-based system. In particular, we investigate the feasibility of developing a source of ultracold atoms trapped in spin-zero states in a quadratic-Zeeman-based trap using mean-field theory. This unique source would be insensitive to weak background fields, and we explore the robustness of quadratic Zeeman traps to magnetic fields and gradients, as well as the fragmentation of condensates held in atom chip traps. Additionally, we consider the feasibility of utilizing quadratic-Zeeman-based traps in the design of atom interferometers and inertial sensors. |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
U07.00004: Accurate prediction of vibronic structure for a radium-containing laser-coolable molecule Chaoqun Zhang, Lan Cheng Molecules containing radium possess large effective electric fields and thus are sensitive to the search of electron's electric dipole moment (eEDM). Furthermore, the radium isotopes with static octupole deformation can enhance the sensitivities for the measurements of Schiff moment. Laser cooling of radium-containing molecules plays an important role in enhancing the sensitivity in these measurements. The laser-coolability of the RaOH molecule has been studied using a multi-state vibronic model. The A2Π1/2(000) to X2Σ1/2(v1v2v3) transitions in RaOH have quasidiagonal Franck-Condon factors with the origin transition accounting for 99% of the transition intensities and with only six transitions having branching ratios above 10-5. Accurate transition energies have been calculated for the RaF and RaOH molecule. These calculations indicate that there is no intermediate state between A2Π1/2 and X2Σ1/2 in RaOH. RaOH thus is a very promising polyatomic radioactive molecule for laser cooling and for subsequent precision measurement search of new physics beyond the Standard Model. |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
U07.00005: Rovibrational Spectroscopy of SrOH For Laser Cooling Alexander J Frenett, Zack Lasner, Hiromitsu Sawaoka, Abdullah Nasir, Takashi Sakamoto, Annika Lunstad, Mingda Li, Tasuku Ono, Hana Lampson, John M Doyle Polyatomic molecules present rich opportunities for the study of fundamental physics. In contrast to diatomic molecules (or atoms), polyatomic molecules generically have additional structure within the ground electronic state that provides special advantages in searches for beyond-Standard-Model physics, such as probing for an electron electric dipole moment (EDM) and ultralight dark matter (UDM). To fully access the power of polyatomic molecules, they must be made ultracold and controllable at the single quantum state level. Our approach, laser cooling, is possible for certain classes of small molecules, including those with metal-oxygen-ligand (MOR) structure [1-3]. SrOH is one such MOR molecule, and specific vibrational states in the electronic ground states have been identified and proposed for precision probes of both the EDM and UDM [4,5]. We report here on high-resolution rovibrational spectroscopy of SrOH and on its use for laser cooling to create trapped gases of ultracold SrOH. We also outline the next steps for our developing UDM and EDM experiments using SrOH. |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
U07.00006: Sr polarizabilities, magic wavelengths, and their applications Dmytro Filin, Charles Cheung, Sergey G Porsev, Marianna Safronova Atomic strontium is used as the atom of choice for many ultracold atom experiments and quantum |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
U07.00007: Loading Atomic Systems Using Light Induced Atomic Desorption Sean J Brudney, David T Allcock, Alexander D Quinn, Isam D Moore, Gabriel J Gregory, Jeremy M Metzner The path to using quantum systems for more applications means improving aspects of current experimental platforms, such as atom sources for ion and neutral atom traps. Improvements include reducing experimental complexity, size, and cost; extending source lifetimes; and providing colder atoms. Previous works used light induced atomic desorption (LIAD) to desorb calcium from a polymer surface [1] and strontium from both bulk metal and oxide [2]. In the latter case the resulting atoms were loaded into a MOT. Instead of using ovens and ablation lasers to load atoms, LIAD uses non-resonant light to desorb material from a surface at room temperature. We study LIAD using a platform we constructed for testing how non-resonant 405, 450, and 808 nm laser light desorbs calcium off several surfaces, including fused silica, borosilicate glass, gold, and other ultra-high vacuum compatible materials. The desorbed calcium is detected by driving fluorescence with 423 nm laser light while a high numerical aperture imaging system directs fluorescence photons onto a photomultiplier tube. We found substrate material, intensity of light, and thickness of calcium all play a role in determining if desorption events are sustained or repeatable. One combination allows for several repeated sustained desorption events lasting several hours while other combinations only allow for the desorption of calcium for fractions of a second. To ascertain if we are observing LIAD or simply thermal desorption, we are setting up experiments that will determine the temperature of desorbed atoms. |
Thursday, June 8, 2023 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
U07.00008: Adiabatically compressing p-orbital Bose-Einstein condensates into lowest Landau level states Xinyang Yu, Xingze Qiu, Xiaopeng Li There has been much experimental progress in controlling p-orbital degrees of freedom in optical lattices, with lattice shaking, sublattice swapping, and lattice potential programming. Here, we present a protocol of preparing lowest Landau level (LLL) states of cold atoms by adiabatically compressing p-orbital Bose-Einstein condensates confined in two-dimensional array of tubes. The system starts from a chiral p+ip state carrying spontaneous angular momentum, which has been achieved in recent experiments. By adiabatically adjusting the lattice potential from a three-dimensional lattice confinement into a two-dimensional confinement, we find the orbital degrees of freedom morph into the LLL states. This process is enforced by the discrete rotation symmetry of the lattice potential. The final quantum many-body state is shown to acquire large angular momentum—one quantized unit per particle. We further discuss the properties of the ground state on LLL in presence of a repulsive contact interaction, which leads to an exotic gapped Bose-Einstein condensate state. Our scheme is accessible to the current optical lattice experiments. |
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