Bulletin of the American Physical Society
54th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 68, Number 7
Monday–Friday, June 5–9, 2023; Spokane, Washington
Session C10: Atom and Matter-Wave Optics and Interferometers |
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Chair: Gretchen Campbell, National Institute of Standards and Tech Room: 207 |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 10:45AM - 10:57AM |
C10.00001: Enhancing atomic dark matter and gravitational wave detectors with quantum optimal control Zilin Chen, Garrett Louie, Timothy Kovachy, Yiping Wang, Tejas Deshpande Large scale atom interferometers using strontium atoms are promising for searching for ultralight dark matter and gravitational waves in a currently unexplored frequency range. In atom interferometry, the atomic superposition states are created and controlled by transferring momentum from laser pulses. The interferometer sensitivity can be enhanced by implementing large momentum transfer (LMT) atomic beam splitters with hundreds or even thousands of pulses which drives atomic transitions between ground and excited states. Deviation from ideal transitions limit the control efficiency and lead to significant atom loss after numerous pulses. During the driving process, deviations can be induced by various factors such as location deviation of atoms in the cloud, non-zero initial velocity spread of atoms respective to the rest-frame, intensity, phase fluctuations and polarization aberration in the laser pulses, and non-zero environmental electromagnetic fields. We manage to drive transitions of the 87Sr atoms in simulation with high fidelity and shorter pulse duration by employing the quantum optimal control techniques which increase the robustness and efficiency of driving pulses against nonideal factors by detuning the amplitude and phase instantaneously and constantly in the pulse duration timescale. As a result, in our full interferometer simulation, the optimized pulse reveals big advantages over primitive and other composite pulses. |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 10:57AM - 11:09AM |
C10.00002: Effective Models for Atom-interferometry in Quantized Electromagnetic Fields in Free Space and in Cavities Alexander Friedrich, Nikolija Momcilovic, Sabrina Hartmann Quantum resources in form of entangled atoms promise to boost the sensitivity of atom interferometers beyond the regime achievable with classical sensor devices. Future dark matter or gravitational wave detectors, tests of the equivalence principle and even simple inertial sensors based on atom interferometry in combination with entanglement are already envisioned to apply these techniques to reach their projected potential. However, proper characterization and interpretation of these devices necessitates a full description including the entanglement dynamics between the light and matter subsystems during typical experimental sequences combined from free propgation and the light-matter interactions. Beginning with a few-mode model of the optical field, coupled to a few-level atom with quantized motional degrees of freedom we show: (i) how effective Jaynes-Cummings-Paul like multi-mode Rabi models with center-of-mass motion can be derived for multi-photon transitions, (ii) a master equation characterizing imperfect beamsplitters can be derived and (iii) our approach and the resulting models are not limited to atom interferometry but have possible applications in cavity optomechanics or ion traps. Lastly, we highlight how and under which appropriate classical limit the usual theory of atom interferometry arises.
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Tuesday, June 6, 2023 11:09AM - 11:21AM |
C10.00003: Towards coherent light-matter interaction in quantum Hall regime using orbital angular momentum of light Mahmoud Jalali Mehrabad, Deric Session, Mohammad Hafezi
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Tuesday, June 6, 2023 11:21AM - 11:33AM |
C10.00004: Building a Matter-Wave Interferometer in a 1D Optical via Machine Learning Techniques Catie K LeDesma, Kendall J Mehling, Jieqiu Shao, Marco Nicotra, Murray J Holland, Dana Z Anderson The creation of a 1D matter-wave interferometer can be achieved by utilizing ultracold atoms loaded into an optical lattice. By shaking the lattice via either phase or frequency modulation, the traditional steps of interferometry- effectively splitting, propagating, reflecting, again propagating and then recombining the atomic wavefunction- can be implemented, allowing for the sensing of inertial signals [1]. This approach is interesting since the atoms can be supported against external forces and perturbations, and the system can be completely reconfigurable on-the-fly for a new design goal. We report on experimental results in which atoms are cooled into a dipole trap and subsequently loaded into an optical lattice. Shaking protocols for obtaining interferometry steps are derived via machine learning and quantum optimal control methods. We report experimental progress in realizing a shaken lattice interferometer and its sensitivity to an applied acceleration signal along with the possibility of tailoring the signal to specific scenarios. Additionally, closed loop learning from the experiment to improve signal sensitivity is explored and demonstrated. |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 11:33AM - 11:45AM |
C10.00005: Control and amplification of Bloch oscillations via photon-mediated interactions Haoqing Zhang, Anjun Chu, Chengyi Luo, James K Thompson, Ana Maria Rey We propose a scheme to control and enhance atomic Bloch oscillations via photon-mediated interactions in a standing-wave cavity. Atoms are trapped in an optical lattice with a wavelength incommensurate with the cavity mode. We take advantage of dispersive position-dependent atom-cavity couplings to perform non-destructive measurements of single-particle Bloch oscillations, and to generate long-range interactions self-tuned by atomic motion. The latter leads to the generation of dynamical phase transitions in the deep lattice regime and the amplification of Bloch oscillations in the shallow lattice regime. Our work introduces new possibilities accessible in state-of-the-art cavity QED experiments for the exploration of many-body dynamics in self-tunable potentials. |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 11:45AM - 11:57AM |
C10.00006: Squeezed matter-wave interferometer with direct phase resolution below the standard quantum limit Chengyi Luo, Vanessa P Koh, Graham P Greve, Baochen Wu, James K Thompson Collective cavity-QED systems with laser-cooled atoms in optical cavity have succeeded in generating large amounts of entanglement involving the internal degrees of freedom. In this talk, I will introduce the realization of cavity-QED entanglement of atomic external degrees of freedom to realize a matter-wave interferometer of 700 atoms in which each individual atom experiences free-falling and simultaneously traverses two paths through space while also entangled with the other atoms. We demonstrate both quantum non-demolition measurements and cavity-mediated interactions for generating squeezed momentum states with directly observed metrological gain 3.4^{+1.1}_{-0.9} dB and 2.5^{+0.6}_{−0.6} dB below the standard quantum limit respectively. An squeezed state is for the first time successfully injected into a Mach-Zehnder matter-wave interferometer with 1.7^{+0.5}_{−0.5} dB of directly observed metrological enhancement [1]. If time permits, I will also introdue our recent result on realizing a momentum exchange interaction in the same system, where atoms exchange their momentum states through interacting with a common cavity mode. We observe both one-axis twisting dynamics and many-body energy gap arising from this momentum exchange interaction, which may provide a new platform for quantum simulation as well as improve precision measurements. |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 11:57AM - 12:09PM |
C10.00007: Momentum based entanglement via phase modulation of a cavity John D Wilson, Chengyi Luo, Haoqing Zhang, Anjun Chu, Murray J Holland, Ana Maria Rey, James K Thompson Matter-wave interferometry creates an important interface between quantum mechanics and relativity. Using a light-matter interactions, one can manipulate each atom into a superposition of two momentum states which can be subsequently treated as a pseudo-two level system, whereupon either momentum acquires a phase due to the differing kinetic energy. Through this phase, acceleration may be encoded and measured. Recently, an experiment demonstrated measurements of gravity below the standard quantum limit using quantum non-demolition measurements on hyperfine levels coupled to different momentum states. We introduce a method which similarly creates useful entanglement for matter-wave interferometry below the standard quantum limit, but with no need for coupling to an electronic degree of freedom. This is achieved via the atoms self-interacting through a momentum dependent phase modulation on a vertical cavity in the presence of gravity. The self-interaction leads to entanglement on momentum states which can created near cavity resonances without corresponding increases to spontaneous or collective decay, because the dynamics are decoupled from any electronic degrees of freedom. |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 12:09PM - 12:21PM |
C10.00008: Using the Kapitza-Dirac effect to test quantum dissipation theory. Raul Puente, Herman Batelaan, Zilin Chen Decoherence can be provided by a dissipative environment as described by the Caldeira–Leggett equation [1]. This equation is foundational to the theory of quantum dissipation. However, no experimental test has been performed that measures for one physical system both the dissipation and the decoherence. Anglin and Zurek predicted that a resistive surface could provide such a dissipative environment for a free electron wave passing close to it. Hasselbach’s group found that such a system decreased the interference contrast for an electron interferometer [2]. We found earlier that for electron diffraction form a nanograting, the electron-surface system did not exhibit the level of decoherence one would expect. [3]. Ultimately, it is required to measure both dissipation and decoherence. We show by simulation that this requirement can be met and that the electron wave’s coherence and energy loss can be measured simultaneously by using Kapitza–Dirac scattering for varying light intensity [4]. |
Tuesday, June 6, 2023 12:21PM - 12:33PM |
C10.00009: Atom interferometry in microgravity on long time scales Dorthe T Leopoldt, Laura Pätzold, Anurag N Bhadane, Merle Cornelius, Julia Pahl, Ernst Rasel Atom interferometry allows for precise quantum sensors with a wide range of applications including geodesy and tests of fundamental physics such as Einstein’s equivalence principle. |
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