Bulletin of the American Physical Society
50th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics APS Meeting
Volume 64, Number 4
Monday–Friday, May 27–31, 2019; Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Session K08: New Developments in Quantum Metrology and Sensing |
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Sponsoring Units: DQI Chair: Murray Barrett, National University of Singapore Room: Wisconsin Center 103C |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 2:00PM - 2:30PM |
K08.00001: Improving the precision of quantum metrology using quantum error correction Invited Speaker: John Preskill Quantum metrology has many important applications in science and technology, ranging from frequency spectroscopy to gravitational wave detection. Quantum mechanics imposes a fundamental limit on measurement precision, called the Heisenberg limit, which can be achieved for noiseless quantum systems, but is not achievable in general for systems subject to noise. Here we study how measurement precision can be enhanced through quantum error correction, a general method for protecting a quantum system from the damaging effects of noise. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving the Heisenberg limit using quantum probes subject to Markovian noise, assuming that noiseless ancilla systems are available, and that fast, accurate quantum processing can be performed. When the sufficient condition is satisfied, a quantum error-correcting code can be constructed that suppresses the noise without obscuring the signal; the optimal code, achieving the best possible precision, can be found by solving a semidefinite program. This talk is based on joint work with Sisi Zhou, Mengzhen Zhang, and Liang Jiang. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 2:30PM - 3:00PM |
K08.00002: Error correction strategies for quantum sensing with ancillary qubits Invited Speaker: Paola Cappellaro Quantum sensors exploit the strong sensitivity of quantum systems to external disturbances to measure various signals in their environment with high precision. However, the same strong coupling to the environment also limits their sensitivity due to its decohering effects. Error correction strategies, including quantum error correction codes and dynamical decoupling, can help in fighting decoherence, but they incur the risk of also canceling the coupling to the signal to be measured. Exploiting additional ancillary qubits enables novel strategies to achieve an advantageous compromise between noise and signal cancellation, thus improving the sensitivity of the quantum sensor. Additional qubit sensors could for example be used in quantum error correction codes or to stabilize the response of the main sensor qubits by detecting external perturbations. They could even be used as quantum lock-in amplifier to avoid the effects of low-frequency noise or as memory to improve the sensor readout. This suite of strategies shows the practical quantum advantage of small composite quantum sensing devices, even without the need to achieve the Heisenberg scaling in sensing. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
K08.00003: Quantum back action cancellation in the audio band Jonathan Cripe, Torrey Cullen, Yanbei Chen, Paula Heu, David Follman, Garrett Cole, Thomas Corbitt We report on the cancellation of quantum back action noise in an optomechanical cavity. We perform two measurements of the displacement of the microresonator, one in reflection of the cavity, and one in transmission of the cavity. We show that measuring the amplitude quadrature of the light in transmission of the optomechanical cavity allows us to cancel the back action noise between 1 kHz and 50 kHz, and obtain a more sensitive measurement of the microresonator's position. To confirm that the back action is eliminated, we measure the noise in the transmission signal as a function of circulating power. By splitting the transmitted light onto two photodetectors and cross correlating the two signals, we remove the contribution from shot noise and measure a quantum noise free thermal noise spectrum. Eliminating the effects of back action in this frequency regime is an important demonstration of a technique that could be used to mitigate the effects of back action in interferometric gravitational wave detectors such as Advanced LIGO. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
K08.00004: Quantum sensing with 2D arrays of trapped ions Kevin Gilmore, Matthew Affolter, Elena Jordan, John Bollinger, Athreya Shankar, Murray Holland, Arghavan Safavi-Naini Quantum sensing protocols using trapped-ions can enable detection of extremely weak electric forces (\textless 1 yN) and fields (\textless 1 nV/m). We present experimental measurements that investigate the sensitivity with which weak electric fields can be detected through the excitation of the center-of-mass (COM) motion of a 2D ion crystal with 100s of ions. By coupling the mechanical motion of the ion crystal to the spin states of the ions by way of an optical potential, the displacement of the ion crystal can be read out via the spin state. Previous work demonstrated measurements of displacements as small as 50 pm, 40 times smaller than the ground-state wavefunction size. Recent experimental advancements -- phase stabilization of the optical potential -- have improved this sensitivity and will allow for using techniques such as spin squeezing and parametric amplification to make further improvements. Additionally, ground-state cooling via electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) enables performing these measurements resonantly with the COM mode (1.6 MHz) of the ion crystal, where we predict electric field sensitivities of \textasciitilde 1 nV/m or smaller. Electric fields of this size may be produced by some dark matter candidates. In particular, axion and hidden photon dark matter in the neV (MHz) regime has not been experimentally explored at this level. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
K08.00005: Face-off: Classical Antennas vs. Quantum Sensors Kevin Cox, David Meyer, Zachary Castillo, Fredrik Fatemi, Paul Kunz Classical antennas are well-established as the world's-best sensor for most of the technologies that we know and love, but a new upstart has emerged. I will introduce how quantum sensors offer an alternative way to receive electro-magnetic signals. Our simple quantum receiver based on warm Rydberg atoms is quantum-limited and has recently demonstrated high-sensitivity and high-bandwidth reception even in the extreme electrically-small regime, where traditional antennas falter. In what other areas might the darling quantum sensors upset the reigning champs? [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
K08.00006: Towards quantum sensing with noble-gas-trapped thulium atoms Vinod Gaire, Chandra Raman, Colin Parker Motivated by the prospect of atomic-scale sensing, we investigate the properties of thulium atoms trapped in solid helium and argon matrices. Neutral thulium (Tm) is a lanthanide atom whose single-hole f-shell electronic structure is equivalent to that in the Yb3+ ion frequently used in solid-state optical applications. Existing spectroscopy in solid helium [1] suggests that Tm metastable lifetimes can remain long, and that the linewidth can become quite narrow on inner-shell f-f transitions. Potential placement of noble gas films on material or device surfaces would allow sensing of the local environment, and the relatively unperturbed nature of the transitions suggests a high degree of quantum control may be possible. If these attributes carry over to neon and argon hosts this would be desirable because solid helium exists only under pressure at very low temperatures. As a first step towards understanding them we will present lifetime and coarse lineshape measurements of the 1140 nm line in both neon and argon hosts. In both cases lifetimes are tens of milliseconds. Spectroscopy shows most of the fluorescence signal within a narrow band, with a splitting of unknown origin in both cases. [1] Ishikawa et al, PRB 56 780 (1997) [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 29, 2019 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
K08.00007: Antenna characterization using a Rydberg atom field sensor Eric Paradis, Christopher L. Holloway, Georg Raithel, David Anderson Atom-based sensing and measurement techniques of microwave electric fields bear certain advantages over traditional dipole antennas, allowing for absolute field calibration, precision field measurements, and sub-wavelength spatial resolution [1, 2, 3]. Here we present recent work demonstrating atomic radio-frequency (RF) electric-field measurements and two-dimensional spatial imaging of the near-field of a K$\mu $-band pyramidal horn at 13.488 GHz, using a small (5.5 x 5.5 mm cross-section) rubidium vapor cell sensing element [4]. The field is measured using electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) spectroscopy of off-resonant AC Stark shifts of Rydberg states, allowing for atom-based RF electric field measurements. The method is applicable over a wide range of RF frequency and RF field amplitude [5]. In the present demonstration, we image the field distribution in the near-field of the antenna with a spatial resolution of lambda/10 covering a field-amplitude range from 50 to 350 V/m. Results are compared to finite-element field simulations, which are found to be in good agreement. [1] Nat. Phys. 5.8 (2009): 581, [2] APL 104, 244102, [3] Phys. Rev. Appl. 5, 034003, [4] EMC EUROPE 2018 (pp. 391-393) IEEE, [5] U.S. Patent No. 9,970,973. [Preview Abstract] |
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