Bulletin of the American Physical Society
50th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics APS Meeting
Volume 64, Number 4
Monday–Friday, May 27–31, 2019; Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Session D08: Quantum metrology and sensing |
Hide Abstracts |
Chair: Kevin Cox, Army Research Lab Room: Wisconsin Center 103C |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:00PM - 2:12PM |
D08.00001: Quantum-enhanced sensing using non-classical spin-states of ultracold dysprosium atoms Thomas Chalopin, Alexandre Evrard, Vasiliy Makhalov, Tanish Satoor, Jean Dalibard, Raphael Lopes, Sylvain Nascimbene Non-classical states are of fundamental interest in quantum-enhanced metrology. While classical sensors are bounded in precision by the standard quantum limit (SQL), a quantum sensor with entangled constituents can go beyond and reach the the Heisenberg limit (HL). However, the most sensitive states involve complex non-gaussian quantum fluctuations, making their practical realization, manipulation and measurement challenging. Here, we beat the SQL using non-classical spin-states encoded in the electronic spin J = 8 of ultracold dysprosium atoms. We use a non-linear light-induced spin coupling to drive coherently a classical, spin-polarized state to a quantum superposition of coherent states with opposite magnetizations. We measure a sensitivity to magnetic field enhanced by a factor 13.9(1.1), close to the HL (2J = 16). We also show that our single magnetic sublevel resolution enables us to measure the optimal sensitivity of non-gaussian (oversqueezed) states, well above the capability of squeezed states, and more robust to environmental noise than superposition states. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:12PM - 2:24PM |
D08.00002: Spin squeezing of $10^{11}$ atoms Han Bao, Junlei Duan, Pengxiong Li, Xingda Lu, Weizhi Qu, Shenchao Jin, Mingfeng wang, Irina Novikova, Eugeniy Mikhailov, Kai-Feng Zhao, Heng Shen, Yanhong Xiao Atomic ensemble with large number of quantum-correlated particles is desirable for precision measurement. As a type of such quantum state, spin squeezed state (SSS) has been pursued in both cold atom and warm vapor cell systems with the largest atom number $10^{8}$. We report experimental preparation of a SSS in a paraffin-coated macroscopic vapor cell in free space, containing $10^{11}$ $^{87}\text{Rb}$ atoms, by stroboscopic quantum non-demolition measurement and using adiabatic pulse control and motional everaging. We observed $2.38\pm0.23~\text{dB}$ noise reduction, and $1.31\pm0.23~\text{dB}$ spin squeezing \emph{below coherent spin state}. Our result present the highest angular resolution on the Bloch sphere in all SSS up to date, and will open possibilities for quantum metrology and control in large entangled atomic ensembles,with techniques generalizable to other systems such as trapped ions and mechanical oscillators. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:24PM - 2:36PM |
D08.00003: White Light Cavity Enhanced Spin Squeezing for Creating Schroedinger Cat States to Achieve Heisenberg Limited Sensitivity with Increased Quantum Noise Selim Shahriar, Jinyang Li One axis twist squeezing (OATS) using non-linear interaction in a cavity can increase the sensitivity of metrological devices beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). When the squeezing parameter is tuned to a critical value, OATS produces the Schroedinger Cat (SC) state, which is an equal superposition of all atoms being spin-up and all atoms being spin-down. However, the orientation of the SC state depends critically on the parity of the number of atoms, N. Changing N by unity causes the orientation to change by ninety degrees. For an experiment employing atoms released from a trap, for example, the parity of N fluctuates between odd and even, thus washing out the SC state. We describe a protocol which, for a given parity, produces a phase magnification by a factor of N, while increasing quantum noise by a factor of root-N, thus reaching the Heisenberg Limit (HL). However, the signal for one parity is filtered out, thus making it possible to achieve the HL within a factor of root-2. The increased quantum noise makes it very robust against classical noise. We also show that the use of a white light cavity for OATS makes it possible to reach the necessary critical value of the squeezing parameter very quickly, before degradation via dissipative processes. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:36PM - 2:48PM |
D08.00004: Sensitivity Improvement of Quantum-Enhanced Plasmonic Sensing with Phase-Based Configuration Mohammadjavad Dowran, Ashok Kumar, Benjamin J. Lawrie, Raphael C. Pooser, Alberto M. Marino The use of quantum resources can enhance the sensitivity of traditional measurement techniques beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). Enabling such a quantum enhancement in real-life devices is one of the goals of quantum metrology. Achieving this goal requires devices compatible with quantum resources that are already operating at the SQL. Among these devices, plasmonic sensors represent a good candidate as they are widely used in bio-chemical sensing applications. Plasmonic sensors respond to small changes in their local refractive index through a shift of their resonance response, which leads to a change in the amplitude and phase of the probing light. Probing these sensors with quantum states of light, such as twin beams, can lower the measurement noise floor and allows us to detect signals below the SQL. Here, we compare phase- and amplitude-based quantum plasmonic sensing configurations. By considering the Quantum Cram\'er Rao bound for both configurations we show that the phase-based configuration can take better advantage of available quantum resources than the amplitude-based one. This is due in part to the phase response of plasmonic sensors being more sensitive to changes in the refractive index and to being able to operate the sensor with less loss. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 2:48PM - 3:00PM |
D08.00005: Parallel Quantum-Enhanced Plasmonic Sensing Aye Win, Mohammadjavad Dowran, Ashok Kumar, Benjamin J. Lawrie, Raphael C. Pooser, Alberto M. Marino Quantum sensing takes advantage of quantum resources to enhance the sensitivity of a device beyond its standard quantum limit (SQL), which defines the minimum noise floor associated with classical resources. In principle, temporal and spatial quantum correlations can be used to enable a parallel sensing configuration that can beat the SQL. Here, we present our progress towards the use of highly multi-spatial mode twin beams generated via a four-wave mixing process in $^{85}$Rb atomic vapor to implementing a parallel quantum-enhanced plasmonic sensing configuration. We have previously demonstrated a quantum-based enhancement of a single plasmonic sensor that allowed us to measure refractive index changes beyond the SQL. We now extend this configuration to a parallel sensing one by designing and fabricating an array of plasmonic sensors and detectors. The multi-spatial mode properties of the twin beams make it possible to independently probe each of the sensors in the array. Given that plasmonic sensors are ubiquitous in biology and chemical sensing applications, a parallel sensing configuration will enable a network that can detect local changes in refractive index to identify different bio-chemicals in parallel or to perform differential measurements. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
D08.00006: Subradiance and Pauli blocking in lattices of multilevel fermionic atoms Asier Pineiro Orioli, Christian Sanner, Jun Ye, Ana Maria Rey We investigate how the interplay of dipolar interactions and Pauli blocking due to fermionic statistics modifies spontaneous emission. Specifically, we consider multiple fermionic atoms trapped on a single lattice site, and study the radiative properties of a transition from a degenerate ($2J_g+1$) manifold of electronic internal levels to a ($2J_e+1$) manifold of excited states. We show the existence of a set of singly-excited dark states for $N=2J_g+1$ atoms per site, and the appearance of subradiant states for general $N$ and number of excitations. We discuss various protocols to prepare such states using laser pulses and control over the coherent part of the dipolar interactions. These results would allow to significantly expand the coherence times of atomic transitions in systems which would otherwise decay too quickly. We discuss potential applications for current optical lattice clock experiments with alkaline-earth atoms such as $^{87}\text{Sr}$ or $^{171}\text{Yb}$, as well as for quantum information devices such as quantum memories. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
D08.00007: Enhanced Sensitivity of Rydberg Atom-Based Radio Frequency Field Measurements Using Heterodyne Detection Joshua Gordon, Matthew Simons, Abdulaziz Haddab, Christopher Holloway Atom-based radio frequency (RF) field measurements have advantages over current methods in frequency range and SI-traceability. However, the sensitivity is currently limited by the linewidth of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) for absolute measurements, or by the resolution of a change in EIT amplitude for relative measurements. We demonstrate that an RF heterodyne technique can extend the sensitivity beyond current techniques. A second applied RF field acts as a local oscillator (LO), such that the effect of an applied weak RF field is enhanced by the strong LO field. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
D08.00008: Rydberg Atom-Based Mixer for RF Phase Detection Matthew Simons, Abdulaziz Haddab, Joshua Gordon, Christopher Holloway Rydberg atoms have been shown to be effective tools for radio frequency (RF) electric (E) field measurements. Thus far, they have been used to accurately measure RF E-field amplitude and polarization. In this work, we demonstrate the last piece of the puzzle: RF phase measurements. Typical atom-based RF measurements monitor use electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) in an alkali vapor, where the coupling laser is tuned to a Rydberg state. Information about an incident RF field can be extracted from the change in probe laser transmission. The presence of a second, `local-oscillator' RF field tuned to a Rydberg transition frequency creates a beat note with the incident RF field, that can be demodulated by the Rydberg atoms. The phase of the beat note is directly related to the phase difference between the local oscillator and incident RF fields. The atoms act as a natural mixer, demodulating an RF field resulting in a lower-frequency signal. This demonstrates the potential of atom-based RF technology for near-field RF metrology, radar, and communications applications. We used this method to measure the propagation constant for a plane-wave to within 1 {\%} compared to the theoretical value. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
D08.00009: Rydberg Atom-Based Stereo Receiver Christopher Holloway, Matthew Simons, Abdulaziz Haddab, Joshua Gordon, Stephen Voran Recent progress on Rydberg atom-based techniques for radio frequency (RF) electric (E) field metrology and sensing have made atom-based receivers and antennas possible. These potentially have many benefits over conventional technologies in detecting and receiving modulated signals. In this paper, we demonstrate a multi-channel atom-based receiver for both amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) through the use of two different atomic species. We also investigate the effect of Gaussian noise on the fidelity of the received signals. Finally, we demonstrate a recording of a musical composition (a ``guitar duet''), by detecting and recording two guitars simultaneously, where each atomic species detects and records each guitar separately. [Preview Abstract] |
Tuesday, May 28, 2019 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
D08.00010: Collision Universality Based Quantum Pressure Standard Pinrui Shen, James Booth, Roman Krems, Kirk Madison Collisions between particles can change their momentum and internal states. We show that quantum diffractive collisions, those at exceedingly large impact parameters, induce a position measurement and transfer exceedingly small energies that encode both the total collision cross section and the form of the interaction potential at long range. Specifically, the transferred energy spectrum for an initially stationary sensor atom follows a universal scaling law that depends only on the sensor atom mass and the thermally-averaged, total collision cross section. The characteristic scale corresponds to the zero-point energy associated with the collision-induced quantum measurement, and the scaling law shape is characteristic of the interaction potential at long range. This universality is encoded in the loss rates of both neutral particles and ions from shallow traps induced by a thermal gas. Using laser-cooled 87Rb sensor atoms and the universal law for van der Waals collisions, we realize a self-defining pressure standard showing that the total cross section and background density can be simultaneously found from a measurement of trap loss as a function of trap depth. [Preview Abstract] |
Follow Us |
Engage
Become an APS Member |
My APS
Renew Membership |
Information for |
About APSThe American Physical Society (APS) is a non-profit membership organization working to advance the knowledge of physics. |
© 2024 American Physical Society
| All rights reserved | Terms of Use
| Contact Us
Headquarters
1 Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740-3844
(301) 209-3200
Editorial Office
100 Motor Pkwy, Suite 110, Hauppauge, NY 11788
(631) 591-4000
Office of Public Affairs
529 14th St NW, Suite 1050, Washington, D.C. 20045-2001
(202) 662-8700