Bulletin of the American Physical Society
48th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 62, Number 8
Monday–Friday, June 5–9, 2017; Sacramento, California
Session N3: Precision SensingFocus
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Chair: David Phillips, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Room: 308 |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 10:30AM - 11:00AM |
N3.00001: Challenging the Standard Model by High-Precision Comparisons of the Fundamental Properties of the Antiproton and the Proton Invited Speaker: Stefan Ulmer The Standard Model (SM) is the theory that describes Nature's particles and fundamental interactions, although without gravitation. However, this model is known to be incomplete which inspires various searches for new physics. Among them are tests of charge, parity, time (CPT) invariance that compare the fundamental properties of matter/antimatter conjugates at lowest energy and with greatest precision. The BASE collaboration [1] at the antiproton decelerator of CERN targets high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of antiprotons and protons, namely, charge-to-mass ratios and magnetic moments. To perform these tests we have developed an advanced Penning trap spectrometer which enabled the most precise measurement of the proton magnetic moment with a fractional precision of 3.3 parts in a billion [2], the most precise comparison of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratio, with a fractional precision of 69 parts in a trillion [3], as well as the most precise measurement of the magnetic moment of the antiproton [4]. Recent improvements in the stability of the apparatus demonstrate the feasibility to improve this test by at least a factor of 100. In the talk I will summarize our most recent results and give an overview on the future perspectives of BASE. [1] C. Smorra \textit{et al.}, Eur. Phys. Journ. Spec. Top. 224, 16 (2015). [2] A. Mooser \textit{et al.}, Nature 509, 596 (2014). [3] S. Ulmer \textit{et al.}, Nature 524, 196 (2015). [4] H. Nagahama \textit{et al.}, Nature Comms. 8, 14084 (2017). [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 11:00AM - 11:30AM |
N3.00002: Precision force sensing with optically-levitated nanospheres Invited Speaker: Andrew Geraci In high vacuum, optically-trapped dielectric nanospheres achieve excellent decoupling from their environment and experience minimal friction, making them ideal for precision force sensing. We have shown that 300 nm silica spheres can be used for calibrated zeptonewton force measurements in a standing-wave optical trap. In this optical potential, the known spacing of the standing wave anti-nodes can serve as an independent calibration tool for the displacement spectrum of the trapped particle. I will describe our progress towards using these sensors for tests of the Newtonian gravitational inverse square law at micron length scales. Optically levitated dielectric objects also show promise for a variety of other precision sensing applications, including searches for gravitational waves and other experiments in quantum optomechanics. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 11:30AM - 11:42AM |
N3.00003: High-Resolution Light Transmission Spectroscopy of Nanoparticles in Real Time Carol Tanner, Nan Sun, Alison Deatsch, Frank Li, Steven Ruggiero As implemented here, Light Transmission Spectroscopy (LTS) is a high-resolution real-time technique for eliminating spectral noise and systematic effects in wide band spectroscopic measurements of nanoparticles. In this work, we combine LTS with spectral inversion for the purpose of characterizing the size, shape, and number of nanoparticles in solution. The apparatus employs a wide-band multi-wavelength light source and grating spectrometers coupled to CCD detectors. The light source ranges from 210 to 2000 nm, and the wavelength dependent light detection system ranges from 200 to 1100 nm with ≤1 nm resolution. With this system, nanoparticles ranging from 1 to 3000 nm diameters can be studied. The nanoparticles are typically suspended in pure water or water-based buffer solutions. For testing and calibration purposes, results are presented for nanoparticles composed of polystyrene and gold. Mie theory is used to model the total extinction cross-section, and spectral inversion is employed to obtain quantitative particle size distributions. Discussed are the precision, accuracy, resolution, and sensitivity of our results. The technique is quite versatile and can be applied to spectroscopic investigations where wideband, accurate, low-noise, real-time spectra are desired. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 11:42AM - 11:54AM |
N3.00004: Towards a robust green astro-comb for Earth-like exoplanet searches Aakash Ravi, Leopoldo Martin, David Phillips, Nicholas Langellier, Timothy Milbourne, Christian Dolliff, Ronald Walsworth The detection of exoplanets using the radial velocity (RV) method has become a very exciting and active area of research. Detecting Earth-like planets, however, is still very challenging as it requires extremely precise calibration of the spectrographs used in such measurements. To address this challenge, we employ a visible wavelength frequency comb - referenced to the global positioning system - as a calibration source. Our comb calibrator is realized by spectrally broadening and shifting the output of a 1 GHz repetition rate modelocked Ti:sapphire laser using a photonic crystal fiber and then filtering the comb lines to create a 16 GHz-spacing comb. This system has been implemented at the TNG telescope on La Palma to calibrate the HARPS-N spectrograph. However, the complexity of the system has thus far prevented its routine use as it requires frequency comb specialists to be on site during measurements. Here, we propose some automation strategies and present preliminary results from our efforts. We also discuss ongoing comb-calibrated astrophysical observations, including measurements of the Sun. The solar measurements are part of an effort to understand stellar noise sources in the RV data and demonstrate the sensitivity of the instrument to detect terrestrial exoplanets. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 11:54AM - 12:06PM |
N3.00005: Sub-attonewton force detection in three dimensions with a single atom sensor Erik Streed, Valdis Blums, Marcin Piotrowski, Irtiza Hussain, Benjamin Norton, Steven Connell, Stephen Gensemer, Mirko Lobino Ultra-sensitive force measurements are a crucial tool for investigating fundamental physical limits. Here we demonstrate a sub-attonewton force sensor based on a single trapped ion that can resolve all three dimensions components of an applied force through super-resolution imaging. The force is detected by measuring the ion displacement with nanometer precision with a sensitivity of 372$+$/-9 zN/$\surd $Hz in one direction, and (335, 359) $+$/-14 zN/$\surd $Hz and (779, 836)$+$/-42 zN/$\surd $Hz for the other two axes. After characterizing our system in all three dimensions, we demonstrated its accuracy by measuring a light pressure force on the ion of 95 zN. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 12:06PM - 12:18PM |
N3.00006: Towards measuring quantum electrodynamic torque with a levitated nanorod Zhujing Xu, Jaehoon Bang, Jonghoon Ahn, Thai M. Hoang, Tongcang Li According to quantum electrodynamics, quantum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields give rise to a zero-point energy that never vanishes, even in the absence of electromagnetic sources. The interaction energy will not only lead to the well-known Casimir force but will also contribute to the Casimir torque for anisotropic materials. We propose to use an optically levitated nanorod in vacuum and a birefringent substrate to experimentally investigate the QED torque. We have previously observed the libration of an optically levitated non-spherical nanoparticle in vacuum and found it to be an ultrasensitive torque sensor. A nanorod with a long axis of 300nm and a diameter of 60nm levitated in vacuum at 10\textasciicircum (-8) torr will have a remarkable torque detection sensitivity on the order of 10\textasciicircum (-28) Nm/$\surd $Hz, which will be sufficient to detect the Casimir torque. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 8, 2017 12:18PM - 12:30PM |
N3.00007: Thermoluminescence-based heat flux measurements across a composite polymer structure. Firouzeh Sabri, Steve Allison, Makunda Aryal, Pratikshya Parajuli Phosphor thermometry provides an accurate, remote, and instantaneous temperature reading mechanism that can be easily incorporated into temperature sensors designed for cryogenic temperatures as well as high temperatures. Phosphor thermometry is based on excitation and subsequent temperature dependent emission, typically in the visible spectrum. The emission results from the shielded 4f state of a rare earth constituent in the phosphor, in this case Eu3$+$ and is similar in spectrum to the isolated atom. The most common measurement strategies are the lifetime and intensity ratio approach. Recent efforts by the authors has demonstrated the feasibility of PDMS$+$La2O2S:Eu3$+$ composite polymers as temperature sensors that have the same temperature response as the powders alone. The work here describes recent efforts to design, create, and characterize a thin, flexible, heat flux measurement unit based on phosphor thermometry principles. Results will show heat flux calculations based on temperature measurements performed across a sandwich layer consisting of three separate layers of composite materials over a range of temperatures [Preview Abstract] |
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