Bulletin of the American Physical Society
42nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 56, Number 5
Monday–Friday, June 13–17, 2011; Atlanta, Georgia
Session P4: Focus Session: Progress in Cavity Opto-Mechanics |
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Chair: Thomas Purdy, JILA and University of Colorado Room: A704 |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 2:00PM - 2:30PM |
P4.00001: Cavity optomechanics -- beyond the ground state Invited Speaker: The coupling of coherent optical systems to micromechanical devices, combined with breakthroughs in nanofabrication and in ultracold science, has opened up the exciting new field of cavity optomechanics. Cooling of the vibrational motion of a broad range on oscillating cantilevers and mirrors near their ground state has been demonstrated, and the ground state of at least one such system has now been reached. Cavity optomechanics offers much promise in addressing fundamental physics questions and in applications such as the detection of feeble forces and fields, or the coherent control of AMO systems and of nanoscale electromechanical devices. However, these applications require taking cavity optomechanics ``beyond the ground state.'' This includes the generation and detection of squeezed and other non-classical states, the transfer of squeezing between electromagnetic fields and motional quadratures, and the development of measurement schemes for the characterization of nanomechanical structures. The talk will present recent ``beyond ground state'' developments in cavity optomechanics. We will show how the magnetic coupling between a mechanical membrane and a BEC -- or between a mechanical tuning fork and a nanoscale cantilever -- permits to control and monitor the center-of-mass position of the mechanical system, and will comment on the measurement back-action on the membrane motion. We will also discuss of state transfer between optical and microwave fields and micromechanical devices. Work done in collaboration with Dan Goldbaum, Greg Phelps, Keith Schwab, Swati Singh, Steve Steinke, Mehmet Tesgin, and Mukund Vengallatore and supported by ARO, DARPA, NSF, and ONR. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 2:30PM - 3:00PM |
P4.00002: Ultrahigh-Q mechanical oscillators through optical trapping Invited Speaker: Rapid advances are being made toward optically cooling a single mode of a micro-mechanical system to its quantum ground state and observing quantum behavior at macroscopic scales. Reaching this regime in room-temperature environments requires a stringent condition on the mechanical quality factor $Q_m$ and frequency $f_m$, $Q_{m}f_{m} \ga k_{B}T_{\footnotesize\textrm{bath}}/h$, which so far has been marginally satisfied only in a small number of systems. Here we propose and analyze a new class of systems that should enable unprecedented $Q_{m}f_m$ values [1-3]. The technique is based upon using optical forces to ``trap'' and stiffen the motion of a tethered mechanical structure [3], thereby freeing the resultant mechanical frequencies and decoherence rates from underlying material properties. We have lithographically fabricated a diverse set of planar structures in Silicon Nitride, made measurements of their optical and mechanical properties, and compared these results to numerical models by finite element analysis.\\[4pt]This work has been carried out in collaboration with D. E. Chang, K.-K. Ni, R. Norte, O. J. Painter, and D. J. Wilson. \\[4pt] [1] D. E. Chang, C. A. Regal, S. B. Papp, D. J. Wilson, J. Ye, O. Painter, H. J. Kimble, and P. Zoller, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) \textbf{107}, 1005 (2010); available at www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0912969107 (2009). \\[0pt] [2] O. Romero-Isart, M. L. Juan, R. Quidant, and J. I. Cirac, New J. Phys. \textbf{12}, 033015 (2010). \\[0pt] [3] D. E. Chang, K.-K. Ni, O. J. Painter, and H.J. Kimble, arXiv:1101.0146v1 [quant-ph] 30 Dec 2010. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 3:00PM - 3:12PM |
P4.00003: Three dimensional cooling of an optically trapped microsphere to millikelvin temperatueres Simon Kheifets, Tongcang Li, David Medellin, Mark Raizen An optically trapped microsphere is appealing as a quantum opto-mechanical system for two reasons: in vacuum it is completely decoupled from thermal vibration, and the trap can be switched off to allow time-of-flight measurements analogous to those done in cold atom experiments. We have trapped glass microspheres in air and vacuum, and measured the position of a trapped bead in three dimensions with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to observe the instantaneous velocity of the bead's Brownian motion in air. Knowledge of the bead's velocity allows us to actively apply a cold damping force, which we have used to successfully cool the center of mass motion of the bead from room temperature to millikelvin temperatures, in three dimensions. The coldest temperature we have achieved so far, for one of the modes of the optical trap, is 1.5mK. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 3:12PM - 3:24PM |
P4.00004: Optical generation of vibrational entanglement in a membrane Dan Goldbaum, Pierre Meystre We study the entanglement of different vibrational modes of the central membrane in a membrane-in-the-middle optomechanical setup. One attractive feature of this system is that one can tune the optomechanical coupling so that it should eventually be possible to measure the membrane's vibrational eigenstate, and to observe quantum jumps. Another attractive feature of the system, which we focus on in this study, is that the vibrational modes of the central membrane are well described by the classical theory of the vibrating drumhead. Subsequently, one can control the relative optomechanical coupling strengths for different drumhead modes by strategic positioning of the cavity field beam spot on the membrane. We show how different vibration modes become entangled through their mutual interaction with the coherent cavity field, and highlight how this entanglement can be engineered through strategic beam spot placement. In addition, we will discuss these results in the context of earlier studies of multi-mechanical-mode optomechanical systems that consisted of multiple mechanical elements rather than multiple vibrational modes of the same mechanical element, as described here. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 3:24PM - 3:36PM |
P4.00005: Laser phase noise effects on the dynamics of optomechanical resonators Gregory Phelps, Pierre Meystre We present a theoretical analysis of the effects of laser phase noise on the sideband cooling of opto-mechanical oscillators, demonstrating how it limits the minimum occupation number of the phonon mode being cooled and how it modifies optical cooling rate and mechanical frequency shift of the mechanical element. We also comment on the effects of laser phase noise on coherent oscillations of the mechanical element in the blue detuned regime and on the back-action evasion detection method where an additional drive is used to prevent heating of one quadrature of motion of the oscillator. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 3:36PM - 3:48PM |
P4.00006: Optomechanics of Antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein Condensates Hui Jing, Dan Goldbaum, Lukas Buchmann, Pierre Meystre We investigate the matter-wave analog of rotational optomechanics. That is, in stead of considering the optomechanical coupling of a rotating mechanical element, we study the optomechanical effects associated with spin-wave excitations of a macroscopic mode in an antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) inside a unidirectional ring cavity, relying on the well established fact that the antiferromagnetic BEC can be effectively described as a single quantum rotor characterized by angular momentum and angular displacement. We show that under suitable conditions the optomechanical coupling can be quadratic in angular displacement, and demonstrate how one can measure its eigen-energy nondestructively by observation of the cavity output signal. This model opens the door to the observation of spin-wave quantum jumps, as well as to controllable entanglement between a quantum spin gas and a mechanical element. [Preview Abstract] |
Thursday, June 16, 2011 3:48PM - 4:00PM |
P4.00007: Three-dimensional arrays of sub-micron particles generated by an optical lattice Betty Slama, Rachel Sapiro, Georg Raithel Using an optical lattice formed by four laser beams, we obtain three-dimensional light-induced crystals of polystyrene spheres in an aqueous solution. The total power of the 1064~nm trapping laser ranges from 200~mW to 4~W. The overall diameter of the approximately spherical, densely filled light-induced crystals is of order 10~$\mu$m, the maximum packing density is about 40~$\%$, and the maximum number of trapped particles is approximately 5000. The diameter of the trapped particles ranges from 190~nm to 500~nm. The polarization of the trapping lasers is employed to realize different lattice types of the laser-induced trapping potential. A series of tests is performed that demonstrate particle trapping in all three dimensions. For one case, the trapping force is measured, and good agreement with a simple model is found. Different methods for lattice manipulation and translation are demonstrated. Bragg scattering of a 532~nm probe laser beam is employed to verify the crystal structure. For particle diameters that are about the same as or larger than the lattice period, crystal geometries are observed that differ from the laser-induced lattice potential. Possible applications and future directions are discussed. [Preview Abstract] |
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