Bulletin of the American Physical Society
41st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 55, Number 5
Tuesday–Saturday, May 25–29, 2010; Houston, Texas
Session R1: AMO Physics for Understanding Matter under Extreme Conditions |
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Chair: Arati Dasgupta, Naval Research Laboratory Room: Imperial East |
Friday, May 28, 2010 10:30AM - 11:00AM |
R1.00001: Science at the Time-scale of the Electron Invited Speaker: Replace this text with your abstract Ever since the invention of the laser 50 years ago and its application in nonlinear optics, scientists have been striving to extend coherent laser beams into the x-ray region of the spectrum. Very recently however, the prospects for \textit{tabletop} coherent sources, with attosecond pulse durations, at very short wavelengths even in the hard x-ray region of the spectrum at wavelengths $<$ 1nm, have brightened considerably. These advances are possible by taking nonlinear optics techniques to an extreme, and are the direct result of a new ability to manipulate electrons on the fastest, attosecond, time-scales of our natural world. My talk will discuss new experimental data that demonstrates high harmonic generation of laser-like, fully coherent, 10 attosecond duration, soft x-ray beams at photon energies around 0.5keV. Several applications will also be discussed, including making a movie of how electron orbitals in a molecule change shape as a molecule breaks apart, following how fast a magnetic material can flip orientation, understanding how fast heat flows in a nanocircuit, or building a microscope without lenses. \\[4pt] [1] T. Popmintchev et al., ``Phase matched upconversion of coherent ultrafast laser light into the soft and hard x-ray regions of the spectrum'', PNAS \textbf{106}, 10516 (2009). \\[0pt] [2] C. LaOVorakiat et al., ``Ultrafast Soft X-Ray Magneto-Optics at the M-edge Using a Tabletop High-Harmonic Source'', Physical Review Letters \textbf{103}, 257402 (2009). \\[0pt] [3] M. Siemens et al. ``Measurement of quasi-ballistic heat transport across nanoscale interfaces using ultrafast coherent soft x-ray beams'', Nature Materials\textbf{ 9}, 26 (2010). \\[0pt] [4] K. Raines et al., ``Three-dimensional structure determination from a single view,'' Nature \textbf{463}, 214 (2010). \\[0pt] [5] W. Li et al., ``Time-resolved Probing of Dynamics in Polyatomic Molecules using High Harmonic Generation'', Science \textbf{322}, 1207 (2008). [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 28, 2010 11:00AM - 11:30AM |
R1.00002: X-ray characterization of high energy density plasmas produced in mega-joule laser experiments on the National Ignition Facility Invited Speaker: With completion of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory the quest for producing a burning fusion plasma has begun. The goal of these experiments is to compress matter to densities and temperatures higher than the interior of the sun to initiate nuclear fusion and burn of hydrogen isotopes. In the first indirect-drive hohlraum experiments on NIF, we have demonstrated symmetric capsule implosions at unprecedented conditions of mega-joule laser energies. 192 simultaneously fired laser beams heat ignition hohlraums to radiation temperatures of 3.3 million Kelvin compressing 2-millimeter capsules by the soft x rays produced inside the hohlraum. In these experiments, symmetry and velocity of the implosion are measured by imaging the 9 keV capsule x-ray emission on a temporally resolving 2-D detector. In addition, x-ray radiography and scattering techniques are being developed for measuring the density and temperature of the implosion. The experiments indicate conditions suitable for compressing deuterium-tritium filled capsules with the goal to produce burning fusion plasmas in the laboratory. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 28, 2010 11:30AM - 12:00PM |
R1.00003: Atomic Astrophysics Under Extreme HED Conditions Invited Speaker: Astrophysical sources reveal the most extreme physical conditions in nature, from the primordial plasma following the Big Bang to the enormous energy output of black hole environments that powers active galaxies and quasars. Spectroscopic studies based on AMO physics are the key to understanding the matter-light interactions such as radiation transport and plasma opacities. Contemporaneously with astrophysical research, laboratory studies on fusion plasma sources have now reached a stage where extreme conditions may be created such as in stellar interiors. Basic physical processes under extreme conditions on the one hand, and the necessity for high precision on the other hand, may be exemplified by a recent and perplexing problem in solar astrophyscs. Newly determined abundances of the most abundant light elements in the Sun, C, N, O, etc., are up to 30-40\% lower than the standard values long supported by astrophysical models, helioseismology, and meteoritic measurements. While this problem is of fundamental importance in astronomy, its solution entails a multi-disciplinary approach involving atomic physics, plasma physics, and astrophysics. A summary of current and planned work in this and other areas of atomic astrophysics will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Friday, May 28, 2010 12:00PM - 12:30PM |
R1.00004: Hybrid-structure atomic models for HED laboratory plasma diagnostics and simulations Invited Speaker: While theoretical atomic physics calculations are well developed for isolated atoms and have been thoroughly benchmarked against low-density laboratory sources such as electron beam ion traps and tokamak plasmas, the high energy density (HED) regime offers significant challenges for atomic physics and spectroscopic modeling. High plasma densities lead to collective effects such as continuum lowering, line broadening, and significant populations in multiply excited atomic states. These effects change the plasma equation of state and the character of emission and absorption spectra and must be accounted for in order to accurately simulate radiative transfer in and apply spectroscopic diagnostics to HED plasmas. Modeling complex mid- and high-Z ions in the HED regime is a particular challenge because exponential growth in accessible configuration space overwhelms the reduction of the Rydberg levels through continuum lowering. This talk will discuss one approach to generating a tractable spectroscopic-quality atomic kinetics model and describe its application to HED laboratory plasmas produced on Sandia's Z facility. \\[4pt] Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. [Preview Abstract] |
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