Bulletin of the American Physical Society
41st Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Volume 55, Number 5
Tuesday–Saturday, May 25–29, 2010; Houston, Texas
Session B3: Alkaline-Earth Quantum Fluids and Quantum Computing |
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Chair: Charles Clark, National Institute of Standards and Technology Room: Imperial West |
Wednesday, May 26, 2010 10:30AM - 11:00AM |
B3.00001: Quantum Degenerate Gases of Atomic Strontium Invited Speaker: This talk will describe the production and properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{84}$Sr and a quantum degenerate mixture of $^{87}$Sr (fermion) and $^{88}$Sr (boson). $^{88}$Sr has a small negative scattering length leading to a maximum condensate size for our trapping conditions of about 10$^{4}$ atoms. $^{87}$Sr is used to sympathetically cool $^{88}$Sr, but it is also of interest for study of quantum degenerate Fermi gases because it has a large nuclear spin (I=9/2). Alkaline-earth metal atoms and atoms with similar electronic structure are of interest for quantum computing proposals, cold collision studies, and investigation of quantum fluids. There are a wealth of isotopes that allow mass-tuning of interactions and creation of various quantum mixtures. The two-valence electrons lead to a singlet ground state and narrow intercombination transitions to metastable triplet states, offering the promise of low-loss optical Feshbach resonances for manipulating scattering lengths. Fermions often have large nuclear spin, which is decoupled from electronic degrees of freedom and leads to a large degree of symmetry and degeneracy in the interaction Hamiltonian. Work done in collaboration with Y.N. Martinez de Escobar, P.G. Mickelson, M. Yan, B.J. DeSalvo, and S.B. Nagel, Rice University. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 26, 2010 11:00AM - 11:30AM |
B3.00002: Two-orbital SU(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms Invited Speaker: Recently, substantial experimental efforts have been directed at cooling, trapping, and manipulating alkaline-earth metal atoms, and many of the capabilities previously demonstrated with alkali atoms are starting to be reproduced with alkaline-earth atoms. In this talk I will describe our proposal to exploit the decoupling between the nuclear spins and the electronic degrees of freedom present in the 1S0 and 3P0 states of alkaline-earth atoms to implement atomic analogs of Hamiltonians which rely on the interplay between charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. As an example, I will discuss the implementation of the Kondo lattice model used in condensed matter to describe heavy fermion materials. The decoupling between nuclear and spin degrees of freedom also leads to an enlargement of the spin rotation symmetry from SU(2) to SU(N), with N as large as 10. I will show that this enlarged symmetry can have striking physical consequences, such as the disappearance of magnetic ordering and the formation of spin liquid phases. \\[4pt] [1] Two-orbital SU(N) magnetism with ultracold alkaline-earth atoms, A. V. Gorshkov et.al. arXiv:0905.2610 (to appear in Nature Physics). \\[0pt] [2] Mott Insulators of Ultracold Fermionic Alkaline Earth Atoms: Underconstrained Magnetism and Chiral Spin Liquid, M. Hermele, V. Gurarie, A, M. Rey , Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 135301 (2009). \\[0pt] [3] Probing the Kondo Lattice Model with Alkaline Earth Atoms, M. Foss-Feig, M. Hermele, A.M. Rey, arXiv:0912.4762 [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 26, 2010 11:30AM - 12:00PM |
B3.00003: Ultracold ytterbium atoms in an optical lattice Invited Speaker: The species of ytterbium (Yb) is very attractive for the study of a quantum gas because it offers many interesting possibilities. The two valence electrons result in singlet and long-lived triplet states connected by extremely narrow intercombination transitions which are useful for probing and manipulating the gas. The existence of rich varieties of isotopes of five bosons ($^{168}$Yb, $^{170}$Yb, $^{172}$Yb, $^{174}$Yb, and $^{176}$Yb) and two fermions ($^{171}$Yb and $^{173}$Yb) will allow us to study various interesting quantum gases. In this talk, I report our recent experiments on quantum degenerate Yb atoms loaded in an optical lattice. For bosonic isotopes, we successfully create a Mott insulator state, which will open many interesting applications such as an optical lattice quantum computation, optical lattice clock, and quantum simulation of condensed matter physics. We also study the Bose-Fermi mixtures by a photoassociation technique, which reveals the site occupancy both in attractively- and repulsively-interacting mixtures. The photoassociation technique is also applied to measure the double occupancy of the fermions to investigate the role of the interaction in the formation of a Mott insulator state. In addition, the Bloch oscillation for the Fermi-Fermi mixture is studied to reveal the effect of the strong attractive interaction between the two fermions. Furthermore, the BEC in optical lattices is studied in detail by high-resolution laser spectroscopy using the extremely narrow intercombination transition. The future plan of our research includes the work towards optical lattice quantum computing, improved performance of optical lattice clock by spin-squeezing, and exploration of novel quantum phases by exploiting optical tuning of inter-atomic interaction. [Preview Abstract] |
Wednesday, May 26, 2010 12:00PM - 12:30PM |
B3.00004: Optical Feshbach resonances in 171 Yb: a versatile tool for the implementation of quantum information processing and study of superfluids Invited Speaker: Recently, alkaline-earth-like atoms have garnered more and more interest as carriers for quantum information and as an interesting system to study quantum fluids. This is due to several different factors, one of which is their ground state with zero electron angular momentum that allows for the storage of quantum information in the nuclear spin, leading to very long coherence times and the possibility to optically recool the qubits. Additionally, the existence of the extremely narrow intercombination lines allows for the implementation of optical Feshbach resonances. This can then be used to optically control the nuclear spin and thus to realize relatively fast quantum gates despite long coherence times, as we showed in our recent work on Yb 171 and as I will elucidate in this talk. Furthermore, the optical Feshbach resonances can be used to selectively vary the p-wave and s-wave scattering lengths of 171 Yb atoms with high spatial and temporal resolution with implications for p-wave superfluidity. [Preview Abstract] |
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