Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 6
Minneapolis, Minnesota (Apr 15-18)
Virtual (Apr 24-26); Time Zone: Central Time
Session M03: Challenges and Opportunities in QCD at Large Baryon DensityInvited
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Sponsoring Units: DNP Chair: Jaki Noronha-Hostler Room: MG Salon B - 3rd Floor |
Monday, April 17, 2023 10:45AM - 11:21AM |
M03.00001: Challenges and opportunities in hot and dense QCD Invited Speaker: Robert D Pisarski The phase diagram for QCD is a function of the temperature, T, and the quark chemical potential, $mu$. Simulations of lattice QCD with classical computers have studied hot QCD, for $mu < T$, close to the continuum limit. I discuss how moving out in this plane, first to warm quark matter, and then to cold quark matter, is one of the major problems of physics in the 21st century. To treat this from first principles will require quantum computers, at some point in the hopefully not too distant future. Until then, theoretical efforts must rely upon effective models. These suggest that the phases of QCD are much richer at $mu eq 0$ than at $mu = 0$, and include a true critical (end)point, quarkyonic matter, a moat spectrum for pions and kaons, inhomogeneous (pion/kaon/quarkyonic) condensates or quantum pion/kaon liquids, and color superconductivity. Warm quark matter is measured experimentally through the collisions of heavy ions at intermediate energies, such as at the Beam Energy Scan at RHIC, and the Compressed Baryon Matter experiment at FAIR. Cold quark matter is directly relevant to neutron stars, and can be probed by the binary collisions of neutron stars with gravitational astronomy such as LIGO, and ultraviolet astronomy, as with the NICER experiment. The wealth of data which will emerge in the next decade represents an exciting challenge for theory. |
Monday, April 17, 2023 11:21AM - 11:57AM |
M03.00002: The nuclear materials science of neutron star mergers Invited Speaker: Mark Alford Neutron star mergers are like material science experiments, probing the properties of hot and dense nuclear matter. The merger causes dramatic changes in temperature and density that happen in milliseconds, thereby probing dynamical properties that may help us uncover the phase structure of ultra-dense matter. I will describe some of the relevant material properties, focusing on beta equilibration and its consequences such as bulk viscosity. |
Monday, April 17, 2023 11:57AM - 12:33PM |
M03.00003: Constraints on the equation of state of neutron stars Invited Speaker: Veronica Dexheimer The high densities achieved in neutron stars and the high densities and temperatures achieved in neutron-star mergers create ideal testing grounds in which to learn about exotic matter, namely hyperons and deconfined quarks. The presence of exotic matter can strongly affect the interior of neutron stars, but cannot be directly observed. New electromagnetic and gravitational-wave constraints have been slowly constraining the dense QCD equation of state, allowing us to learn important information about the strong interaction. Nevertheless, strong constraints on dense and hot matter depend on (a) the not yet observed post-merger period of gravitational-wave production from neutron-star mergers and (b) non-trivial comparisons with particle collision experimental data. In this talk, I discuss where we stand and what we expect to learn about dense matter in the near future. |
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