Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 6
Minneapolis, Minnesota (Apr 15-18)
Virtual (Apr 24-26); Time Zone: Central Time
Session F12: Instrumentation I |
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Sponsoring Units: DPF Chair: Todd Adams, Florida State University Room: Marquette III - 2nd Floor |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:30AM - 8:42AM |
F12.00001: Light Output and Single Photoelectron Studies of LYSO Crystals for the Barrel Timing Layer at the Compact Muon Solenoid Kai Svenson The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing major renovations to increase its integrated luminosity. This will have a proportional increase the frequency of particle collisions at the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. As a result, CMS is planning to install a Barrel Timing Layer (BTL) composed of LYSO scintillation crystals to achieve a 30 ps timing resolution. The goal is to distinguish particle tracks from different primary proton-proton interactions that occur near each other spatially. The timing resolution highly depends on the scintillation light output. We construct a modular testing device that takes light output measurements from 16 different LYSO crystals at a time. The light output is measured by taking the ratio of a 0.511MeV signal from sodium-22, and the signal from single photoelectrons (SPEs). In the BTL production stage, the SPE signal will need to be measured with randomly occurring (dark) SPEs. However, there exist alternative methods using controlled sources of light that can be used to induce SPE generation, yielding a more accurate signal measurement. I have written software that aims to robustly take SPE and light output measurements using both the dark and light-induced methods, and found the error in the dark method to be 2.78%±0.93% with 95% confidence. The software will be used by several institutions around the world to measure the light output of thousands of LYSO detector modules. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:42AM - 8:54AM |
F12.00002: CMS MTD Barrel Timing Layer: Optical Crosstalk Studies in LYSO Crystals John Dervan In preparation for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade (HL-LHC), the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is undergoing an extensive series of upgrades. With these upgrades, CMS will be able to maximize its physics discovery potential in Phase II through the end HL-LHC lifetime. To mitigate the challenging pileup environment of HL-LHC and expand the physics capabilities of the CMS detector, a high-precision timing detector sensitive to minimum-ionizing particles (MIPs) will be installed in the barrel and endcap regions. This new MIP Timing Detector (MTD) will provide precision timing information with hermetic coverage up to |η| less than 3. The barrel timing layer (BTL) of the MTD will be outfitted with Lutetium-Yttrium Orthosilicate (LYSO) scintillating crystals paired with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), comprising a detection unit that is well suited to the unique challenges of installing such a detector in the barrel. Fully characterizing the optical behavior of the LYSO-SiPM modules under development for BTL is essential to optimize the capabilities of MTD and achieve as small a timing resolution as possible. A study of optical crosstalk in these modules was conducted in 2022 at one of the BTL assembly centers using sodium-22 and 8-channel SiPM readout, offering a proof of principle for the setup planned for use in the assembly phase of MTD. The execution and results of this study will be presented along with a discussion of implications for further development of the BTL detection modules. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:54AM - 9:06AM |
F12.00003: Investigating the Effect of Surface Material on Time Resolution of the Barrel Timing Layer Sensor Modules for the MIP Timing Detector Zhe Yang To sufficiently disentangle the multiple tracks from all primary interactions at the HL-LHC, the CMS experiment will be upgraded to include the Minimum Ionizing Particle Timing Detector (MTD). The fundamental unit of the Barrel Timing Layer of the MTD is composed of a 57 mm long and 3 mm thick LYSO:Ce scintillator crystal with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) attached to each end. We constructed a Geant4 simulation of the LYSO:Ce crystal to determine the impact of the surface material properties of the LYSO:Ce crystals on the overall time resolution. The timing resolution and photon paths are compared for various implementations of diffuse and specular reflectors. Preliminary results show that for scintillation light from high energy muons, the majority of the first photons that reach the SiPMs reflect off the surface material. For specular reflectors, this suggests that the major contributor to time resolution is the photo- statistics of the scintillator and the photon paths through the crystal are less relevant. Thus, to improve the timing resolution for ESR it is best to try to optimize the light yield. We also found that high reflectivity specular reflectors and reflectors with an airgap layer of low refractive index generates the best time resolutions at relevant photon thresholds. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:06AM - 9:18AM |
F12.00004: Time Resolution of the TOFHIR Chip for CMS HL-LHC Upgrade Ismail Elmengad The Barrel Timing Layer (BTL) of the MIP timing detector for the CMS HL-LHC upgrade is a cylindrical detector designed to detect MIPs with a time resolution of 30 ps and a luminosity-weighted time resolution of 40-70 ps. The BTL will be read out by an ASIC, the TOFHIR chip, which collects data from 32 silicon photomultipliers. The true timing resolution of the TOFHIR chip has been measured previously at several over voltages and MIP energies by peer institutions. I will present my project that provides additional benchmarking and tests as well as expected true time resolutions and luminosity-weighted resolutions over a larger parameter space including a new variable of threshold voltage using an ultraviolet laser setup to mimic MIPs. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:18AM - 9:30AM |
F12.00005: Testing the Cooling and Readout Chain of the Barrel MTD Detector for the HL-LHC Upgrade Braden Allmond The MIP Timing Detector (MTD) is a new subdetector that will be installed in the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. Its implementation will help mitigate the difficult conditions of the planned High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade. Placed in a 40mm gap between the final layer of the CMS pixel tracker and electromagnetic calorimeter is the Barrel Timing Layer (BTL) of the MTD. The BTL is segmented into 72 independent trays, housing LYSO crystals, SiPM arrays, CO2 cooling, and data-transfer electronics. Numerous tests are ongoing to validate the current design of the detector. One full-scale tray with integrated CO2 cooling is currently being tested from 20°C to -35°C, the full range of operating temperatures at CMS. Resistive strips simulating the heat load of full BTL readout units are attached to the tray during the cooling tests to gather data on the temperature response of the system under operation conditions. Data from these initial tests provide critical information about necessary adjustments and precautions for the final implementation of BTL, and act as a roadmap for more complex testing using complete BTL readout units as they become available. The results of validation of the BTL readout with the HL-LHC data acquisition system are also presented. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:30AM - 9:42AM |
F12.00006: The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Upgrade: Automated Tests of the Very Front End and Vertical Integration with Test Beam Daniel S Abadjiev The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is a planned upgrade to deliver unprecedented instantaneous luminosity of proton-proton collisions. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the LHC will be upgraded for the highly challenging environment of the HL-LHC; the HL-LHC will have a much higher rate of overlapping proton-proton collisions events, called pile-up, and also increased radiation levels. In particular, the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) barrel electronics will be upgraded to meet the specifications required at HL-LHC and to improve the time resolution, which will aid in distinguishing pile-up and anomalous signals from signals of interest for physics analysis. The current working readout chain of the ECAL barrel upgrade consists of scintillating lead-tungstate crystals followed by avalanche photodiodes read out by very-front end (VFE) cards with custom ASICs to amplify and digitize signal, then front end (FE) cards which transmit data off detector to barrel calorimeter processors (BCP). We present an overview of the upgrade of the ECAL barrel electronics and describe automated testing procedures applied to 50 VFEs, as well as VFE performance at varying temperature. We also present test beam data from a vertical integration test, which included the full upgraded ECAL readout chain, from crystals to VFE and FE, to BCPs. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:42AM - 9:54AM |
F12.00007: First Measurement of the muon pT-dependent Bending Angle between the GEM and CSC subdetectors using Run 3 data Towsifa Akhter The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) serves various purposes in studies ranging from precision measurements of known Standard Model (SM) physics to testing new hypotheses beyond the SM. At the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), achieving acceptable first level trigger rates for muons with reasonable transverse momentum thresholds is not viable with the original detector, due to high occupancy in the endcap region. In order to retain the current standalone muon trigger capability in this endcap region during the HL-LHC, the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) subdetector system was designed. It was installed in the first muon station of the endcap region during the second long shutdown (2019-2021). Performance improvements in the standalone muon trigger are mainly expected from the pT-dependent bending angle measured between the GEM and Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) detectors. In this presentation, we show the impact of GEM alignment with a muon-track on this bending angle measurement. Corrections are for the GEM position relative to the CSC. The alignment algorithm was previously tested using cosmic ray muons and 2021 pilot-beam proton-proton collision data. We are now reporting the early muon track bending angle results with Run-3 data. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:54AM - 10:06AM |
F12.00008: Status of the front-end electronics for the Phase-II upgrade of the ATLAS Monitored Drift Tube detector Yuxiang Guo The ATLAS monitored drift tube (MDT) chambers are the main component of the precision tracking system in the ATLAS muon spectrometer. The MDT system is capable of measuring the sagitta of muon tracks to an accuracy of 60 μm, which corresponds to a momentum accuracy of about 10% at pT=1 TeV. ATLAS plans to use the MDT detector in the first stage of the trigger system in the Phase 2 upgrade for the High-Luminosity LHC to improve the muon transverse momentum resolution and to reduce the trigger rate. A new trigger and readout system has been proposed. Front-end electronics, which include two application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and a prototype of a data transmission board, have been produced and tested. I will present the current production and test status of the MDT front-end electronics. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 10:06AM - 10:18AM |
F12.00009: Construction of Precision sMDT Detector for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Upgrade Liana R Simpson, Bing Zhou This talk describes the small-diameter monitored drift-tube (sMDT) detector construction at the University of Michigan as a contribution to the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer upgrade for the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Measurements of the first 30 chambers built at Michigan show that the drift tube wire position accuracy meets the specification of 20 ??m. The positions of the platforms for alignment and magnetic field sensors are all installed well within the required precision. The cosmic ray test measurements show single wire tracking resolution of 100 ± 7 ??m with an average detection efficiency above 99%. The infrastructure, tooling, techniques, and procedures for chamber production are described in detail. The results from the chamber quality control tests of the constructed chambers so far are reported. |
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