Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2023
Volume 68, Number 6
Minneapolis, Minnesota (Apr 15-18)
Virtual (Apr 24-26); Time Zone: Central Time
Session F11: Axion and Hidden Sector Searches I |
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Sponsoring Units: DPF Chair: Andre de Gouvea, Northwestern University Room: Marquette II - 2nd Floor |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:30AM - 8:42AM |
F11.00001: DFSZ Axion Dark Matter Search around 4.5 μeV at IBS-CAPP Andrew K Yi The axion is a well-motivated particle that provides a solution to the strong CP problem and is also a candidate for cold dark matter. The CAPP-12TB experiment is the flagship axion dark matter experiment at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP). The system features a superconducting solenoid with a bore size of 320 mm and a maximum central field of 12 T, a cryogenic dilution fridge with physical temperatures around 30 mK with cavity load. Nearly quantum-noise-limited flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifiers are utilized as the first amplifier of the receiver chain. The experiment uses a copper microwave cavity that has a large volume (37 L) and an unloaded Q-factor around 100,000 along its frequency range tuned by a copper rod. We report the first results of the experiment which excludes the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii (DFSZ) axion model for the mass range 4.38 μeV (1.06 GHz) to 4.63 μeV (1.12 GHz) at a 90% confidence level. The CAPP-12TB experiment will continue its search for DFSZ axions over a wider range of axion masses using a series of new cavities and receiver chains. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:42AM - 8:54AM |
F11.00002: Ultra-high Q cavity-based search for the Dark Photon: new exclusion limit from Dark SRF phase 1 and step forward for phase 2 Bianca Giaccone, Alexander Romanenko, Roni Harnik, Anna Grassellino, Roman Pilipenko, Yuriy Pischalnikov, Zhen Liu, Oleksandr Melnychuk, Oleg Pronitchev, Timergali Khabiboulline, Crispin Contreras-Martinez, Daniil Frolov, Sam Posen, Asher Berlin, Anson Hook The dark photon is a hypothesized particle in extension to the Standard Model (SM) that would weakly interact with ordinary SM photons. An effective way to search for hidden sector photons in a laboratory set up is through light-shining-through-wall (LSW) schemes. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 8:54AM - 9:06AM |
F11.00003: Searching for axions and dark photons with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) in the BREAD experiment Christina Wang The BREAD (Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection) experiment searches for axions and wave-like dark matter using a novel dish resonator which allows to utilize state-of-the-art high-field solenoidal magnets. The axion target mass extends from ~μeV to eV, this large mass range makes it difficult to scale traditional resonator setups to the required volume. However, metallic surfaces in a high magnetic field dark matter axions can convert to photons regardless of axion mass. These photons can then be focused by a parabolic focusing reflector onto a low noise single photon counting detector. One of the single photon counting detectors that can be used for the BREAD experiment is superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) that are sensitive to 0.1 to 1 eV axions and dark photons, due to its sensitivity to 1-10um photons. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:06AM - 9:18AM |
F11.00004: Turning on The Any Light Particle Search II Experiment Harold A Hollis The Any Light Particle Search II (ALPS II) is a light shining through a wall experiment located at DESY. The experiment consists of two 120 m strings of straightened 5.3 T HERA dipoles separated by an opaque wall and containing high-finesse optical cavities. Axions or axion-like particles that are generated by photons in the production optical cavity pass through the wall into the regeneration optical cavity where some will regenerate photons identical to those in the production cavity. The regenerated photons will be detected with a heterodyne readout scheme during the initial configuration after which the experiment will be reconfigured to use a transition-edge single-photon detector. During 2022, much progress was made commissioning the experiment, and an initial science run is planned for 1st quarter 2023. We report on the status of the experiment, the initial science data, and the outlook for 2023 and beyond. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:18AM - 9:30AM |
F11.00005: Comparison of axion haloscopes through the definition of axion spectral sensitivity and new experiments through systematic use of Poynting theorem Michael E Tobar We introduce a systematic way to calculate the spectral sensitivity of an electromagnetic axion dark matter haloscope, so instrument comparison may be achieved independent of signal assumptions and only depends on the axion to signal transduction sensitivity and noise in the instrument [1]. Furthermore, it has been shown that electromagnetic axion haloscopes have proportional sensitivity to high-frequency gravitational waves based on the inverse Gertsenshtein effect [2]. Thus, the calculation of the spectral sensitivity not only allows the comparison of dissimilar axion detectors independent of signal but also allows us to compare the order of magnitude gravitational wave sensitivity in terms of spectral strain sensitivity allowing comparisons to standard gravitational wave detectors based on optical interferometers and resonant-mass technology [1,3]. To calculate the sensitivity, we show Poynting theorem provides a systematic way of understanding power generation in a resonant haloscope [4]. Recently interactions between putative axions and magnetic monopoles have been revisited [5]. It has been shown that significant modifications to conventional axion electrodynamics arise due to these interactions so that the axion-photon coupling parameter space is expanded from one parameter gaγγ to three (gaγγ, gaAB, gaBB). We implement Poynting theorem to determine how to exhibit sensitivity to gaAB and gaBB using various electromagnetic haloscopes techniques [6,7], allowing new ways to search for axions and a possible indirect way to determine if magnetically charged matter exists.<br /> |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:30AM - 9:42AM |
F11.00006: Wavelike Dark Matter Searches with SRF Cavities Raphael Cervantes, Caterina Braggio, Crispin Contreras-Martinez, Daniil Frolov, Anna Grassellino, Bianca Giaccone, Ivan Gonin, Roni Harnik, Oleksandr Melnychuk, Roman Pilipenko, Yuriy Pischalnikov, Sam Posen, Oleg Pronitchev, Alexander Romanenko Dark matter makes up 85% of the matter in the universe and 27% of its energy density, but we don't know what comprises dark matter. Wavelike dark matter, including the QCD axion and dark photons, are well-motivated dark matter candidates that have been receiving more attention in recent years. SRF cavities are a promising way to search for wavelike dark matter candidates with increased sensitivity and scan rate compared to traditional cavities using microwave cavities. This presentation will report on the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems (SQMS) Center's various efforts to search for dark matter with SRF cavities. First, we will describe proof-of-principle measurement with a 1.3 GHz Niobium cavity with an ultra-high quality factor (Q~1010) that has achieved the best sensitivity and deepest exclusion to wavelike dark photon dark matter by almost an order of magnitude. We then describe SQMS efforts to search for wavelike dark matter candidates with tunable SRF cavities that are tolerant to multi-Tesla magnetic fields and quantum sensors that subvert the Standard Quantum Limit. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:42AM - 9:54AM |
F11.00007: High-mass axion haloscope experiments using novel cavity designs at IBS-CAPP SungJae Bae, SungWoo Youn, Junu Jeong, Younggeun Kim The axion is a pseudo-Goldstone boson that elegantly explains the strong CP problem, a long-standing topological problem in the strong interaction. In particular, invisible axions with masses on the order of ueV to meV are strong candidates for dark matter. The cavity haloscope is currently the most sensitive method to search for dark matter axions in the microwave region, but the detection efficiency decreases with increasing mass. Recently, various novel cavity designs (based on multiple cells, wheel mechanism, and tunable photonic crystals) have been proposed by IBS-CAPP for effective searches for high-mass axions. By incorporating these designs, IBS-CAPP plans to conduct leading haloscope searches in the mass region up to 100 ueV (25 GHz in frequency). Appropriate cavities have been designed for different target masses, and several experiments with near KSVZ sensitivity are either ongoing or under preparation. In this talk, we present the current status of these experiments and discuss future plans. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 9:54AM - 10:06AM |
F11.00008: The Effects of Dielectrics on Axion Searches using Resonant Cavities Xiran Bai The existence of an axion may be the key to solving the strong CP problem and understanding dark matter. Therefore, searching for axions is of great interest to the physics community. Many axion searches use the haloscope technique, which is typically performed with a resonant microwave cavity immersed in a strong magnetic field. In such cavities, dielectric materials are sometimes used to tune the resonant frequency of these cavities or to reduce the power losses along the wall. However, this can have adverse effects on the sensitivity to an axion. Understanding the consequences of inserting dielectrics requires careful study and in this talk I will present our findings regarding the effect of dielectrics on axion signal power and scan rate. Our results suggest that for searches using the lowest TM mode, the amount of dielectric material in a resonant cavity should be minimized wherever possible. |
Sunday, April 16, 2023 10:06AM - 10:18AM |
F11.00009: Progress toward detection of ultralight dark matter with cryogenic optical cavities Tejas Deshpande, Andra M Ionescu, Nicholas A Miller, Mark Nguyen, Pradyumna Parshi, Riccardo Desalvo, Timothy Kovachy, Andrew A Geraci, Gerald Gabrielse Virialized ultralight fields (VULFs), φ, form a category of dark matter (DM) candidates where their coupling (de and dme) to baryonic matter is expected to result in the oscillation of fundamental constants, such as the fine-structure constant (δα/α ∝ deφ) and electron mass (δme/me ∝ dmeφ), at the DM Compton frequency (fφ = mc2/(2πh)). This implies that the Bohr radius (a0 = h/(mecα)), and hence the size of atoms, would also oscillate at frequency fφ. Here c & h are the speed of light & the reduced Planck's constant respectively. |
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