What can we learn from non-gravitational-wave probes in the next 15 years*

Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2017, many new discoveries and constraints have been placed on the equation of state at large baryon densities relevant for neutron stars. These constraints have been facilitied by astrophysical observations as well as nuclear experimental data. NICER has placed constraints on the radii of two different pulsars: J0030+0451 and J0740+6620. Additionally, heavy-ion collisions experiments from RHIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory have ran the Beam Energy Scan and Fixed Target program that reach similar densities to those in neutron stars but are at finite temperatures. Measurements of the neutron skin from CREX and PREXII have helped to place constraints on the low density equation of state relevant for neutron stars. In the next 15 years many further data points should be coming both from NICER (and possible subsequent experiments) as well as the future heavy-ion collision facility of FAIR at GSI in Damstadt, Germany. Theoretical constraints from chiral effective field theory and pertubative Quantum Chromodynamics may play an important role. In this talk I will review the expected experimental and theoretical constraints over the next 15 years.