Bulletin of the American Physical Society
APS April Meeting 2021
Volume 66, Number 5
Saturday–Tuesday, April 17–20, 2021; Virtual; Time Zone: Central Daylight Time, USA
Session S10: Neutrino Astronomy: Surveys and SearchesLive
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Sponsoring Units: DAP Chair: Naoko Neilson, Drexel University |
Monday, April 19, 2021 1:30PM - 1:42PM Live |
S10.00001: Sensitivity of the Beamforming Elevated Array for COsmic Neutrinos to Cosmic Rays Andrew Zeolla Tau neutrinos are expected to comprise one third of both the astrophysical and cosmogenic neutrino flux, but currently the flavor ratio is poorly constrained and the expected flux at energies greater than 100 PeV is low. The Beamforming Elevated Array for COsmic Neutrinos (BEACON) is a novel detector concept that utilizes a radio interferometer atop a mountain to search for upgoing air showers due to tau lepton decays originating from tau neutrino interactions within the Earth. Sensitive to the radio emission from air showers, BEACON takes advantage of the large viewing areas available at high elevations and the long propagation lengths, high duty cycles, and precision pointing available to radio techniques. The prototype, located at the White Mountain Research Station in California, consists of 4 crossed-dipole antennas operating in the 30-80 MHz range and uses a directional interferometric trigger for reduced thresholds and background rejection. The prototype detector model will be validated using the radio emission from down-going cosmic ray air showers. In this talk, I discuss the performance of the prototype array and its expected sensitivity to cosmic rays. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 1:42PM - 1:54PM Live |
S10.00002: The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) Daniel Smith The Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G) is designed to make the first observations of ultra-high energy neutrinos at energies above 30 PeV via the detection of Askaryan radiation and serve as a technology development site for future experiments. RNO-G will play a unique role in multi-messenger astrophysics as the world's largest in-ice Askaryan radio detection array and the first in the Northern Hemisphere. The experiment will be composed of 35 autonomous stations deployed over a 5 x 6 km grid near to NSF's Summit Station in Greenland. Each station consists of an electronics chain optimized for low power, deep and surface antennas, a digital phased array trigger, a solar power system allowing for a live time of \textasciitilde 70{\%}, and communication systems. I present an overview of the science goals, current status of construction and plans for the first season of deployment in Summer 2021. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 1:54PM - 2:06PM Live |
S10.00003: Integrating Liquid Noble Dark Matter Detectors into the SuperNova Early Warning System Sebastian Torres-Lara, Andrew Renshaw, Kate Scholberg, Elise McCarthy During a stellar core collapse, a large flux of neutrinos (1-100 MeV) is produced, escaping the core before any light can. If detected, these neutrinos can play a crucial role in providing both preliminary evidence of a stellar collapse, and an understanding of the mechanisms behind it. The SuperNova Early Warning System 2.0 (SNEWS 2.0) is a network of neutrino detectors around the globe that aim at detecting these neutrinos. Armed with a diverse array of neutrino detectors, SNEWS 2.0 can triangulate a supernova’s direction and notify astronomers up to one day before any photons reach Earth. With the discovery of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) proving that low-energy nuclear scatterings are observable within noble liquid detectors, next generation of ultra-sensitive dark matter detectors will be suitable for observing the neutrinos from a supernova. Currently SNEWS 2.0 uses a simulation package called SuperNova Observatories with GLoBES (SNOwGLoBES) for understanding detector responses to supernova neutrino interactions. Work done to incorporate the CE$\nu$NS interaction and the next generation liquid noble dark matter detectors into the current simulation framework will be presented. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 2:06PM - 2:18PM Live |
S10.00004: Every Flare, Everywhere: Untriggered Searches for Astrophysical Neutrino Transients with IceCube Data William Luszczak, Jim Braun, Albrecht Karle Recent results from IceCube regarding TXS 0506+056 suggest the presence of neutrino flares with no detectable gamma ray counterpart ("untriggered" neutrino flares). Here, we present the results of attempting to fit for all such flares across the entire neutrino sky in 10 years of IceCube data. These results represent the most detailed description of the neutrino sky to date, providing a neutrino "light-curve" at every possible location describing the start time, stop time, and spectrum of each neutrino flare candidate. Additionally discussed are the associated constraints on populations of transient astrophysical neutrino sources, as well as potential uses for these neutrino "light-curves" in the context of multi-messenger astronomy. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 2:18PM - 2:30PM Live |
S10.00005: Prospects for EUSO-SPB2 detection of transient astrophysical sources of neutrinos Mary Hall Reno, Tonia M. Venters, John F. Krizmanic The second flight of the Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super-Pressure Balloon (EUSO-SPB2) will include a telescope that points near the Earth's limb to measure the Cherenkov light emitted by high energy extensive air showers (EAS). Tau-leptons from Earth-skimming tau neutrinos may decay in the atmosphere and produce upward-going EAS. Several classes of multiwavelength astrophysical transient sources produce high energy neutrinos as well as electromagnetic signals. We report on EUSO-SPB2’s sensitivity to a variety of long- and short-duration astrophysical transients that produce neutrinos, and we describe prospects for their detection via tau neutrino-induced upward-going EAS. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 2:30PM - 2:42PM Live |
S10.00006: Prowling for Ultrahigh-Energy Neutrinos with PUEO Remy Prechelt The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) is a planned long-duration stratospheric balloon mission that will have world-leading sensitivity to fluxes of ultrahigh-energy (UHE, $>\sim10^{18}$ eV) neutrinos. PUEO will either make the first detection or set the best constraints on both cosmogenic neutrinos (produced during the propagation of UHE cosmic rays) and UHE neutrinos directly produced in astrophysical sources. PUEO consists of a $\sim$200-channel interferometric radio telescope pointed down at the Antarctic ice sheet in order to detect the impulsive Askaryan radio emission produced by UHE neutrinos interacting in the ice. PUEO is also sensitive to the radio emission from extensive air showers, typically induced by UHE cosmic rays, but also by in-air decays of tau leptons generated by UHE neutrino interactions in the Earth. PUEO is an evolution of the successful ANITA experiment, with key upgrades including a significantly lower-threshold digital beamforming trigger, a larger number of detection antennas, a dedicated low-frequency system for improved air shower detection, improved calibration systems, and more accurate orientation sensors. PUEO has been selected as a NASA Pioneers mission and is expected to launch in December 2024. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 2:42PM - 2:54PM Live |
S10.00007: Targets of Opportunity with POEMMA Tonia Venters, Mary Reno, John Krizmanic, Luis Anchordoqui, Claire Guépin, Angela Olinto Cosmic-ray accelerators capable of reaching ultra-high energies are expected to also produce very-high energy neutrinos via hadronic interactions within the source. Many of the candidate astrophysical source classes are either transient in nature or exhibit flaring activity. Leveraging the Earth as a neutrino converter, the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) will be able to detect cosmic tau neutrinos at energies ~ 10 PeV and above. As a space-based mission, POEMMA will have orbital characteristics and slewing capability that will ensure full-sky coverage and enable rapid follow up, making it uniquely suited for searching for neutrinos from astrophysical transient events. We present the latest results of a study exploring the prospects of detecting tau neutrino events with POEMMA from a variety of astrophysical transient source classes and potential backgrounds during Target-of-Opportunity observations. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 2:54PM - 3:06PM Live |
S10.00008: Prototype of The SuperNova Early Warning System Using HOPSKOTCH Publish-Subscribe System Yiyang Xu The Supernova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a public alert system consisting of neutrino detectors around the world. In the current era of multi-messenger astrophysics (MMA), there are new opportunities for SNEWS to optimize their science reach from the next Galactic supernova beyond a simple early alert. There appeared a need to upgrade the cyberinfrastructure for scalability and maintainability. The SNEWS collaboration was looking for ways to adapt foreign software tools standardized for messaging between the coincidence server and neutrino detectors. The Scalable Cyberinfrastructure for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (SCiMMA) project has developed a publish-subscribe system called HOPSKOTCH that would significantly simplify the task for physicists to maintain the software. This presentation will introduce the design and development of SNEWS 2.0 prototype that incorporates the HOPSKOTCH software into its internal network. It will also present the SNEWS-customized software support provided by SCiMMA as well as future software maintenance and deployment details. [Preview Abstract] |
Monday, April 19, 2021 3:06PM - 3:18PM Live |
S10.00009: Recent Results from the Pierre Auger Observatory Lawrence Wiencke The Pierre Auger Observatory, located in the Mendoza province of Argentina, is the largest facility on Earth for measuring high energy cosmic rays. Its detectors have sensitivity to other phenomena as well. We summarize recent results from the Observatory. These include the measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum, its features above 2.5 EeV and a preliminary measurement down to 300 PeV, direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between 0.2 and 2 EeV, the observation of cosmic ray anisotropies in right ascension, and a search for ultra high energy neutrinos from the TXS 0506+056 blazar. On the terrestrial side, the observation of almost 1600 transient luminous elve events leveraged the Observatory's nominal viewing area by three orders of magnitude. Finally, the status of the Auger Upgrade installation is summarized. [Preview Abstract] |
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